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Synology DS115j v14 Administrator's Guide PDF

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Summary of Content for Synology DS115j v14 Administrator's Guide PDF

1

Administrator's Guide for

Synology Directory Server

Based on

Synology Directory Server 4.4

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction 01

About Synology Directory Server

Synology Directory Essentials

Compatibility and Limitations

Install Synology Directory Server

Chapter 2: Get Started With Synology Directory Server 05

Set up Synology Directory Service

Manage the Domain

Manage DNS Resource Records

Add Firewall Rules to Secure Directory Service

Chapter 3: Manage OUs, Groups, Users, and Computers 14

View the Status of Domain Objects

Manage Organizational Units (OUs)

Manage Groups

Manage Users

Manage Computers

Chapter 4: Join Devices to a Domain 33

Join Windows PCs to a Domain

Join Synology NAS to a Domain

Chapter 5: Configure Group Policies 40

Configure Default Domain Policies

Use RSAT to Manage Group Policies

Chapter 6: Maintain and Recover Directory Service 48

Ensure Uninterrupted Directory Service via Synology High Availability

Back up and Restore Directory Service via Hyper Backup

Chapter 7: Troubleshooting and FAQs 53

Account Issues

Directory Issues

DNS Issues

01

Chapter 1: Introduction

About Synology Directory Server

Synology Directory Server provides a centralized platform for account and resource

management services powered by Samba schema. It supports commonly used Windows Active

Directory features, including user/group management, organizational units (OUs), group

policies, Kerberos-based authentication, and the deployment of diverse client devices. With

the domain service set up by Synology Directory Server, you can securely store a directory

database, manage user accounts, and deploy devices based on your organization structure.

Synology Directory Essentials

This section provides an overview of Synology Directory service, which will help you clearly

understand key knowledge required for performing administrative tasks via Synology Directory

Server.

Directory Service

A directory is a repository containing individual persons, groups, locations, and various

types of information. It is a tool for data storage and management, allowing users to easily

find the information they want to access. In computer science, a directory service stores all

account information in a centralized location. This service allows multiple resources to work

together, which thus makes itself ideal for authorizing users' access, configuring identities, and

managing the relationships among users and groups.

Active Directory and Synology Directory Service

Active Directory (AD) is a type of directory service that offers a centralized database of

information with which IT administrators can securely manage accounts and resources,

such as computers and printers. Synology Directory Server provides the AD-based Synology Directory service, allowing you to store and deploy resources on an intuitive interface.

Chapter 1: Introduction

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Chapter 1: Introduction

Domain Name System (DNS)

Synology Directory service adopts the Domain Name System (DNS) to organize computers,

printers, or other resources into a hierarchical structure.

A domain is a logical boundary set up for the creation and management of resources, while

DNS is a standard Internet service that structures resources through domain names. In a

domain (e.g., "syno.local"), devices are deployed through DNS, which helps resolve their

easily readable hostnames (e.g., "pc1.syno.local") into IP addresses needed for locating and

identifying devices with Internet protocols.

With a high dependency on DNS, it is necessary to set up a DNS server to maintain the

functionality of domain when installing Synology Directory Server.

Domain Controller

A domain controller (DC) is a NAS that hosts a Synology Directory Server's domain. It is

responsible for maintaining domain functionality, storing directory data, and managing user

interactions within a domain.

In Synology Directory Server, the Synology NAS where a domain is created will be automatically

promoted as a domain controller.

Domain Object

The domain database stored in Synology Directory Server is made up of information about

objects, each of which represents a single and unique entry in the database. The following are

the objects that can be managed in Synology Directory Server:

User: A user account that can access resources deployed in a domain.

Group: A manageable unit used to gather domain objects. A group's access permissions to

resources (e.g., files and devices) in a domain are applied to all its members.

Device: A physical resource that can be accessed by domain users. It can be a computer, a

printer, a NAS, etc.

Organizational Unit (OU): The smallest container in a domain to which administrative

privileges and group policies can be assigned. You can put users, groups, computers in

an OU for delegating the same authorities and policies to them. Besides, you can also

add an OU to another OU, creating an OU hierarchy that corresponds with the real-world

organization structure. In so doing, it will be more efficient to configure domain objects in

Synology Directory Server.

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Chapter 1: Introduction

Compatibility and Limitations

DSM version requirement: DSM 6.2.2 or above.

Domain functional level: Equal to Windows Server 2008.

Synology Directory Server must work with the DNS Server package.

Synology Directory Server is not compatible with configurations of other domain/LDAP

services.

Supported domain clients:

Windows 7 or above

macOS

Linux

Applied Synology NAS models: See this page on the Synology official website.

Limitations:

Synology Directory Server supports a single domain and a single domain controller only.

The hostname of the Synology NAS that functions as the domain controller cannot be

changed after Synology Directory Server is activated on it.

After a domain is created, SMB signing will be enabled automatically, which may reduce

read/write performance during SMB file transfer.

Distributed File System Replication (DFSR) is not supported.

Install Synology Directory Server

1. Before installing Synology Directory Server on the Synology NAS, please check the

following:

The network connection of Synology NAS works properly.

The volume of Synology NAS is working well.

The DSM is updated to version 6.2.2 or above.

You are the DSM administrator (i.e., the user belonging to the administrators group) of

the Synology NAS.

The Synology NAS is using a static IP address: To avoid clients from being disconnected

because of IP address changes of the Synology NAS (domain controller), you need to set

up a static IP address on your local area network for the Synology NAS.

The Synology NAS is not a client of any domain or LDAP directory: If the Synology

NAS has already joined a domain or an LDAP directory, it must leave the domain or LDAP

directory before using Synology Directory Server. This package is not compatible with

configurations of other directory services.

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Chapter 1: Introduction

No domain name conflicts exist on the local area network: Synology Directory Server

will not be found by clients if more than one domain has the same name on the local

network. To avoid this issue, please choose another name or remove the domains that

have the same name.

2. Sign in to DSM as an administrator (i.e., the user belonging to the administrators group).

3. Go to Package Center > All Packages.

4. Click Install in the Synology Directory Server section and follow the onscreen instructions

to complete the installation process.

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Chapter 2: Get Started With Synology Directory Server

With Synology Directory Server, your Synology NAS can work as a domain controller that

manages accounts, deploys devices, configures access permissions, and delegates authority in

a domain. This chapter will help you get started with Synology Directory Server.

Set up Synology Directory Service

Once the installation is complete and there are no existing domains detected, you can start

setting up Synology Directory service. In the section below, we will see how to create a domain

and promote the Synology NAS as a domain controller.

Note:

Before installing Synology Directory Server, you can set up a Synology High Availability

cluster to secure an uninterrupted directory service (see the section Ensure Uninterrupted Directory Service via Synology High Availability for detailed instructions).

1. Launch Synology Directory Server.

2. Click Next to continue with the setup.

Chapter 2: Get Started With Synology Directory Server

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Chapter 2: Get Started With Synology Directory Server

3. Enter the following information and click Next:

Domain name: Enter an FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) for the domain, e.g., "syno.

local".

Workgroup: The workgroup name (or the NetBIOS domain name) will be automatically

filled in this field. For instance, if your domain name is "syno.local", the default workgroup

name will be "syno".

Password: Enter a password for the administrator account of your domain.

Confirm password: Enter the password again.

4. Confirm the settings and click Apply. The system will now create the domain and promote

the Synology NAS to be a domain controller.

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Chapter 2: Get Started With Synology Directory Server

Domain Naming Limitations:

The domain name can only contain alphabetical characters, numeric characters, minus signs, and dots (only used as the delimiter of domain name's components).

The domain name must contain at least two components. e.g., "syno.local".

The domain name cannot start with a hyphen (-).

The domain name cannot end with a hyphen (-) or a period (.).

The domain name cannot be the same as the server name of your Synology NAS.

The maximum length is 64 characters.

Password Limitations:

To meet the password strength requirements, your password must comply with at least three of the following rules:

Uppercase letters of the Latin (including A - Z with diacritic marks), Greek, and Cyrillic alphabets.

Lowercase letters of the Latin alphabets (including a - z with diacritic marks), Greek, and Cyrillic alphabets.

Numeric characters (0 - 9).

Special characters, including #, $, !, etc.

Unicode alphabets, including those in Asian languages.

About SMB Signing:

SMB Signing allows SMB communications to be digitally signed at the packet level. After a domain is created, this feature will be enabled automatically, which may reduce read/ write performance during SMB file transfers. To enhance performance, please select Auto or Disable from the Enable server signing drop-down menu at Control Panel > Domain/ LDAP > Domain > Domain Options.

Manage the Domain

On the Status page, you can check, edit, or remove your domain and the domain controller.

View Domain Information

Information about your domain can be viewed at any time on the Status page:

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Chapter 2: Get Started With Synology Directory Server

Domain name: The full name of your domain.

Domain NetBIOS name: The short name for the domain, which will be used by earlier

versions of Windows (e.g., Windows 95 or Windows 98) to access Synology Directory

resources.

Number of records which may need updates: If the number shown is 0, then all DNS

resource records in DNS Server correctly point to the IP address of the Synology NAS

(domain controller). If the number shown is bigger than 0, then the resource records in DNS server require updating (see the section Adjust A/AAAA Resource Records for detailed

instructions).

Remove the Domain

On the Status page, click Remove Domain to remove the domain currently managed by

Synology Directory Server. Please note that removing the domain is irreversible.

Edit the IP Address of Domain Controller

Synology Directory Server is normally set up with a static IP address. For certain reasons, you

may need to change the IP address of the Synology NAS that is running Synology Directory

Server. Please follow the steps below:

1. Back up Synology Directory Server with Hyper Backup (see the section Back up and Restore Directory Service via Hyper Backup for more information).

2. Change the IP address of the Synology NAS.

3. Confirm and update the resource records in DNS Server (see the section Adjust A/AAAA Resource Records for more information).

4. Restart Synology Directory Server to update the network settings. Please do the following:

a. Go to Package Center > Installed > Synology Directory Server.

b. Click the inverted triangle and select Stop.

c. After Synology Directory Server is stopped, click Run to restart the package.

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Chapter 2: Get Started With Synology Directory Server

Manage DNS Resource Records

Domain Name System (DNS) is a naming system that facilitates the exchange of data

between computers over the Internet and other networks. It is mainly used to translate easy-

to-memorize domain names (e.g., "pc1.syno.local") into corresponding IP addresses (e.g.,

"192.168.1.5"). This function is essential for the maintenance of Synology Directory Server's

domain service.

The following will guide you through A/AAAA record configurations and the DNS auto-

registering mechanism.

A/AAAA Resource Records

A and AAAA are both DNS resource records for resolution between domain names and IP

addresses. While A records translate domain names into 32-bit IPv4 addresses, AAAA records

resolve domain names into 128-bit IPv6 addresses.

DNS Auto Registering

After a client has successfully joined the domain created by Synology Directory Server, the

server will automatically register or update an A resource record (and an AAAA resource

record if IPv6 is enabled) to the DNS service on DSM, mapping the hostname of the client to an

IP address.

Limitations:

DNS auto registering cannot be disabled.

Naming rules of domain clients: Only letters (a - z, A - Z), numbers (0 - 9) and hyphens (-) are allowed currently.

On Windows 7 or 10: Re-login or restart will be necessary if the hostname or IP address has been changed.

On DSM or SRM: Re-login or restart will not be necessary if the hostname or IP address has been changed, and the resource records will not be updated.

Adjust A/AAAA Resource Records

In order for Synology Directory Server to normally deliver services, all A/AAAA resource records

in DNS Server must correctly point to the IP address of the Synology NAS. By default, all A/

AAAA resource records will point to the IP address of the Synology NAS where a domain is

created.

However, A/AAAA resource records may not properly point to the Synology NAS due to the

following circumstances:

The Synology NAS undergoes a change in its IP address after the domain has been created

with Synology Directory Server.

Synology Directory Server is restored through a backup task of Hyper Backup (see Back up and Restore Directory Service via Hyper Backup for more information).

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Chapter 2: Get Started With Synology Directory Server

When encountering the cases mentioned above, please follow the steps below:

1. Go to DNS Server > Zones.

2. Select the specific DNS zone in question such as domain name@Active Directory or _ msdcs.domain name@Active Directory, and click Edit > Resource record.

3. Check the IP addresses configured in the A/AAAA resource records. Make sure all the

records point to your Synology NAS.

Note:

To batch edit, you can press and hold Ctrl or Shift to select multiple resource records of the same type but with different names.

Add Firewall Rules to Secure Directory Service

Security is always one of the greatest concerns for Synology Directory administrators besides

efficient management. To protect Synology Directory service, we suggest adding the following

firewall rule to your Synology Directory Server:

1. Go to Control Panel > Security > Firewall.

2. Tick the Enable firewall checkbox.

3. Under the Firewall Profile section, select a firewall profile from the drop-down menu and

click Edit Rules on the right.

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Chapter 2: Get Started With Synology Directory Server

4. Click Create.

5. Under the Ports section, choose Select from a list of built-in applications and click

Select.

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Chapter 2: Get Started With Synology Directory Server

6. Select DNS Server, Synology Directory Server, and Windows file server. Click OK to

confirm your selection.

7. Under the Source IP section, choose Specific IP and click Select.

8. Specify the local area network where Synology Directory Server is running by entering an IP

address or an IP range. Click OK after you confirm the information.

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Chapter 2: Get Started With Synology Directory Server

9. Under the Action section, select Allow to allow access by the ports and IP addresses you

have specified.

10. Click OK to save the settings.

Note:

For more information about the firewall settings on DSM, please refer to the firewall help articles.

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Chapter 3: Manage OUs, Groups, Users, and Computers

In a domain hosted by Synology Directory Server, available resources are created and stored

in the form of objects, such as organizational units (OUs), groups, users, and devices (e.g.,

computers or NAS).

This chapter will show you how to configure different types of domain objects in Synology

Directory Server.

View the Status of Domain Objects

On the Users & Computers page, you can view the whole tree structure of the domain while

object information is shown on the right panel:

Type: The object's type is displayed. Objects can be organizational units, groups, users, or

computers.

Name: The name of an object (expect for OUs) will be represented in the following format:

Domain NetBIOS name\object name

Description: A note that describes the domain object.

DN: The DN (distinguished name) is the path of an object in the domain database. For

example, if a user's DN is "CN=bach,OU=sales,DC=syno,DC=local", you can analyze its

elements as below:

CN=bach: The name of this user is "bach".

OU=sales: This user belongs to the organizational unit "sales".

DC=syno,DC=local: This user is in the domain "syno.local".

Status: If a domain object is not deactivated, its status will be Normal. Otherwise, the status

will be Disabled.

Chapter 3: Manage OUs, Groups, Users, and Computers

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Chapter 3: Manage OUs, Groups, Users, and Computers

Manage Organizational Units (OUs)

An organizational unit (OU) is a container object within a domain to which you can add all types

of domain objects, including users, groups, computers, and other OUs. OUs organize domain

objects into a hierarchy, which is helpful when there are a large number of users, computers,

and groups. With a well-designed OU structure, IT administrators can easily link group policies

and delegate administrative tasks to specific domain objects.

Add an OU

1. Go to the Users & Computers page.

2. Select the domain or an OU from the tree list, and click Add > Organizational unit.

3. Specify a name for the new organizational unit in the field, and click OK.

4. Right-click the parent container of the newly added organizational unit, and click Reload.

The newly added organizational unit will then show on the tree list.

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Chapter 3: Manage OUs, Groups, Users, and Computers

Add Objects to an OU

You can do the following to add objects to an OU:

1. On the Users & Computers page, select an OU from the tree list.

2. Select one of the methods below to launch the creation wizard:

Method 1: Click Add and select a type of domain object from the drop-down menu.

Method 2: Right-click the specified OU on the tree list. Go to Add and select an object

type.

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Chapter 3: Manage OUs, Groups, Users, and Computers

Method 3: Right-click the blank space of the specified OU and select an object type to

add.

3. Follow the instructions in the creation wizard to add the object. Please go to the sections

Add an OU, Add a Group, and Add a User for more operation guidelines.

Note:

You can drag and drop one or more objects to an organizational unit listed on the tree list.

The default view mode of directory only shows the objects not belonging to any organizational units. To view all users, groups, computers, and organizational units, select the root folder (named after your domain) from the tree list and click the magnifying glass icon on the upper-right corner. In the search bar, tick All descendants to display all objects.

Delete an OU

1. Right-click the OU you wish to delete from the tree list and click Delete.

2. Click Delete again in the pop-up message to confirm the deletion. Please note that the

deletion of OUs is irreversible.

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Chapter 3: Manage OUs, Groups, Users, and Computers

Manage Groups

Domain groups allow IT administrators to grant permissions to access devices, applications, or

other services deployed in a domain. You can place domain users into a group and then apply

an access control list (ACL) to the group for a specific service. This section will provide you the

guidelines on how to manage domain groups in Synology Directory Server.

Default Groups

When you establish a domain, Synology Directory Server creates the following groups by

default to help you manage the domain and configure access permissions:

Group Name Description

Domain Admins Members of this group have administrative privileges to control all objects and settings in the domain.

Enterprise Admins Members of this group have administrative privileges to control all objects and settings in the entire enterprise's domain structure.

Schema Admins Members of this group can make changes to the domain schema.

Domain Guests All domain guests are included in this group by default.

Domain Users All domain users are included in this group by default.

Domain Computers All workstations and servers are included in this group by default.

Domain Controllers All domain controllers are included in this group by default.

Read-Only Domain Controllers

All read-only domain controllers (RODCs) are included in this group by default.

Enterprise Read-Only Domain Controllers

All read-only domain controllers (RODCs) in the entire enterprise's domain structure are included in this group by default.

Allow RODC Password Replication Group

Members of this group can replicate their passwords to all RODCs in the domain.

Denied RODC Password Replication Group

Members of this group cannot replicate their passwords to any RODCs in the domain.

Cert Publishers Members of this group are given privileges to certificate publishing.

DnsAdmins Members of this group can access domain name service in the domain.

DnsUpdateProxy Members of this group are DNS clients who are permitted to perform dynamic updates on behalf of some other clients (such as DHCP servers).

Group Policy Creator Owners

Members in this group can modify group policies for the domain.

RAS and IAS Servers Members of this group are allowed to use remote access services.

Note:

Synology Directory Server aligns with the functional level of Windows Server 2008 R2. Please refer to this article for more information about the built-in domain groups.

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Chapter 3: Manage OUs, Groups, Users, and Computers

Add a Group

1. Click Add > Group on the Users & Computers page.

2. Enter a name in the Group name field, configure the following information for the new

group, and click Next:

Group Scope

Domain local: Domain local groups are used for assigning permissions to resources in

their home domain. This type of group can nest other domain local groups in the same

domain. It can also contain user accounts, global groups, and universal groups from

any domains or forests.

Global: Global groups are added for the management of user accounts. It can contain

user accounts and other global groups in the same domain. In practice, we suggest

placing global groups into domain local groups that are granted certain permissions

instead of directly assigning permissions to them.

Universal: Universal groups are mainly used to nest global groups across domains.

It can contain user accounts, global groups, and other universal groups from any

domains in the forest where this universal group is located. In practice, we suggest

placing universal groups into domain local groups that are granted certain permissions

instead of directly assigning permissions to them.

Group Type

Security: Security groups are adopted to set up access permissions or rights to

perform certain system tasks in the domain.

Distribution: Distribution groups are adopted for sending email messages to a

collection of users. It can be used as an email alias.

3. Confirm the group information and click Apply to save the settings.

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Chapter 3: Manage OUs, Groups, Users, and Computers

Edit Group Properties

1. Select the group you wish to edit, and click Action > Edit. The following group properties at

the General tab are available for editing:

Group name

Description

Email

Group Scope

Group Type

2. Include or exclude members at the Members tab.

3. Click OK to save.

Note:

You can also edit a group by right-clicking a group on the Users & Computers page and

then clicking Edit.

Delete a Group

1. Select a group you wish to delete on the Users & Computers page, and click Action >

Delete.

2. Click Delete in the pop-up message to confirm the deletion.

Note:

You can also delete a group by right-clicking a group on the Users & Computers page and

then clicking Delete.

You can select multiple groups by pressing and holding the Ctrl or Shift key.

The deletion of groups is irreversible.

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Chapter 3: Manage OUs, Groups, Users, and Computers

Add Members to Groups

There are three methods to assign users to groups: by adding a user to groups during the user

creation process, by editing a user's profile, and by editing group properties.

Add users to groups during the user creation process

In the second step of the User Creation Wizard, tick the groups to which you wish to add this

user and click Next. Follow the wizard to complete the user creation process.

Add users to groups by editing user profiles

Select the user you wish to edit on the Users & Computers page, and click Action > Edit.

Switch to the Member of tab. Subsequently, tick the groups to which you wish to add this user

and click OK.

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Chapter 3: Manage OUs, Groups, Users, and Computers

Add users to groups by editing group properties

Select the group you wish to edit, and click Action > Edit. Go to the Members tab and tick the

users you wish to add to this group. Click OK to save and apply the settings.

Manage Users

Users in a domain are user accounts that can access resources in the domain. Members

of your organization can use their user accounts to access domain-integrated resources

according to their permissions and privileges.

This section will provide you the guidelines of managing domain users in Synology Directory

Server.

Default Users

When you establish a domain, Synology Directory Server creates the following user accounts

by default to help you manage the domain:

Username Description

Administrator The administrator account that has full control of Synology Directory Server. It is used for managing the domain and domain controller.

dns-NAS hostname The DNS service account for the Synology NAS. It is named according to the hostname of the domain controller, e.g., "dns- MyNAS".

Guest The account for guest access to the domain and deployed devices.

krbtgt The account for the Kerberos Key Distribution Center service on the domain controller.

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Chapter 3: Manage OUs, Groups, Users, and Computers

Add a User

1. On the Users & Computers page, click a container from the tree list you want to add users

to. The container can be the container named after your domain (e.g., "SYNO.LOCAL"), the

Users container, or an organizational unit.

2. Select User from the Add drop-down menu. The user creation wizard will be launched

automatically.

3. In the User Creation wizard, configure the new user on the Enter user Information

page. To enhance security, Force this account to change password at next login is

automatically ticked by default. Kindly note that password strength requirements depend

on the password policy configured at Synology Directory Server > Domain Policy.

4. Select the groups to which the user belongs on the Join groups page.

5. Confirm the settings and click Apply to add the domain user.

Note:

To meet the password strength requirements, your password must comply with at least three of the following rules:

Uppercase letters of the Latin (including A - Z with diacritic marks), Greek, and Cyrillic

alphabets.

Lowercase letters of the Latin alphabets (including a - z with diacritic marks), Greek, and

Cyrillic alphabets.

Numeric characters (0 - 9).

Special characters, including #, $, !, etc.

Unicode alphabets, including those in Asian languages.

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Chapter 3: Manage OUs, Groups, Users, and Computers

Import Multiple Users

Besides adding one user at a time, you may also import multiple user accounts by following

the steps below:

1. On the Users & Computers page, click a container from the tree list you want to add users

to. The container can be the container named after your domain (e.g., "SYNO.LOCAL"), the

Users container, or an OU.

2. Click Import users from the Add drop-down menu.

3. Tick the following options according to your needs:

Overwrite duplicate accounts: Tick this option if you wish to replace the duplicate

accounts with the ones existing in the user list.

Send a notification mail to the newly created user: Tick this option to send a

notification mail to the user whose account is newly created. This option requires

enabling system email notifications at Control Panel > Notification > Email.

Display user password in notification mail: This option is available when Send a notification mail to the newly created user is ticked. Tick this option if you wish to

display the password in the notification message.

Force password change for imported users upon initial login: Tick this option if you

wish to force imported users to change their password upon the initial login. This option

adds extra protection to imported accounts.

4. Click Browse to select a .txt file to upload.

5. Confirm the preview is correct and click OK to import.

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Chapter 3: Manage OUs, Groups, Users, and Computers

File Format:

When you prepare a file to import, place each user account on an individual row. Each piece of information should be separated by a Tab key in the following order:

1. Username 2. Password 3. Description 4. Email

5. First name 6. Last name 7. Full name

8. Profile path 9. Login script 10. Home directory

The format of an import file should meet the following requirements:

The import file must be in UTF-8 format.

The order of columns must be correct (from left to right).

The imported passwords must comply with the password policy.

Each line of information must contain nine tabs. If you want to skip a piece of information

(e.g., Description), you still need to enter a Tab key to separate the empty value from the

next value (e.g., Email).

Edit User Properties

1. Select the user you wish to edit on the Users & Computers page, and click Action > Edit.

You can select multiple users by pressing and holding the Ctrl or Shift key.

2. Go to the Account tab in the editor window and the following user properties are available

for editing:

User login name: You can rename this user in this field.

Login Hours: Click this button to customize logon hours of the user. In the configuration

window, click Deny or Allow and select any grid cells. To select the entire day or hour in

each day, click the day or hour. After arranging the schedule, click OK to save the settings.

Usable Devices: Click this button to select which computers this user can access.

Lock out this account: This option is enabled when an account is locked out because of

account lockout policies. You can unlock the locked account by disabling this option.

Force this account to change password at next login: This account will be asked to

change the password upon next login to Windows or Synology NAS.

Disallow the user to change password: This user will not be able to change the

password on their own.

Password never expires: The user's password will never expire. We suggest enabling

this option only for administrators.

Store passwords using reversible encryption: Enabling this option will compromise

domain security. This option is not recommended unless demands of domain client

services take higher priority over password security.

Disable this account

Require smart card for interactive login

Disallow delegation of this sensitive account: Services on client devices of the domain

will not be able to access resources on behalf of this account.

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Chapter 3: Manage OUs, Groups, Users, and Computers

Use DES encryption for this account: The credentials of this account will be encrypted

through DES (Data Encryption Standard) during Kerberos authentication.

Exempt this account from Kerberos preauthentication

3. Go to the Profile tab and edit properties of User Profile, which allows the user to have a

consistent desktop experience whenever they access a device deployed in the domain:

Profile path: The folder path which contains a user's profile, such as the Desktop,

Document, and Picture folders.

Login script: A script is automatically executed when a user signs in to the Windows

operating system. You can upload a Windows .bat file of 2 MB or less by clicking Upload File.

4. At the Profile tab, you can also add a Home Directory for the user:

Local path: Set a specific local folder as a home directory.

Connect...to: Set a specific remote shared folder on the Synology NAS as a home

directory. The remote shared folder will be automatically mounted with a specific volume

label of a drive by the Windows operating system if this option is selected.

5. Click OK to save the settings.

Note:

You can also edit a user account by right-clicking a user on the Users & Computers page and then clicking Edit. The Disable option (for disabling a user account) is also available when you right-click the user.

Delete a User

1. Select a user you wish to delete on the Users & Computers page, and click Action >

Delete.

2. Click Delete in the pop-up message to confirm the deletion.

Note:

You can also delete a user account by right-clicking a user on the Users & Computers page and then clicking Delete.

You can select multiple users by pressing and holding the Ctrl or Shift key.

The deletion of users is irreversible.

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Chapter 3: Manage OUs, Groups, Users, and Computers

Assign a Roaming Profile for a Single User

Assigning roaming profiles allows domain users to access their files when they sign in to

different computers joined to the domain. Before assigning a roaming profile to a user, you

must create a shared folder and join at least one computer to the domain first. Please follow

the steps below:

1. Join a computer to the domain (see the section Join Windows PCs to a Domain).

2. Go to DSM Control Panel > Shared Folder to create a shared folder. Please note that

shared folders for a single user and for all users should not be the same.

3. Right-click the created shared folder and click Edit.

4. At the Permissions tab, select Domain Users.

5. Tick the Custom checkbox, and the Permission Editor window will be displayed.

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Chapter 3: Manage OUs, Groups, Users, and Computers

6. Select a target from the User or group drop-down menu, and set Apply to and Permission

by following the settings in the table below. The image below is an example of how to set

permissions for a user-defined group named "Owner".

User or group Apply to Permission

User-defined group (e.g., "Owner")

Tick Child folders, Child files, and All descendants.

Tick Administration, Read, and Write for full control.

Domain Admins Select All. Tick Administration, Read, and Write for full control.

Domain Users Select All.

Tick Read for full read permissions and only Create folders/Append data under Write.

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Chapter 3: Manage OUs, Groups, Users, and Computers

7. After setting up the shared folder, go to Synology Directory Server > Users & Computers

> Users.

8. Right-click a domain user account and click Edit.

9. Switch to the Profile tab, enter a shared folder's path for the user's roaming profile in

Profile path in the following format, and click OK:

\\IP address of NAS\shared folder name\%username%

Note:

Please do not modify "%username%", the environment variable that automatically points to the profile folder of the specified user.

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Chapter 3: Manage OUs, Groups, Users, and Computers

10. Sign in to the domain-joined Windows PC with the specified domain user account. The

domain controller will automatically create a corresponding roaming profile (the folder

name will be "username.V6") in the remote shared folder on the NAS. When you sign out

from the computer, the data will be synced back to the assigned path if you have created or

modified data under the user's profile.

Mount a Network Drive for a Single User

In addition to setting roaming profiles, Synology Directory Server also allows you to mount a

network drive for domain users. Please follow the steps below:

1. Join a user's computer to the domain (see the section Join Windows PCs to a Domain).

2. Create a shared folder and set sufficient permissions (at minimal read permissions

required) to a domain user on the controller Synology NAS (see the section Assign a Roaming Profile for a Single User).

3. Go to Synology Directory Server > Users & Computers.

4. Right-click the specified user account and click Edit.

5. Switch to the Profile tab and click Connect under the Home Directory section.

6. Assign a drive letter for the network drive.

7. Enter the path of the shared folder (or a folder under the shared folder) you want to mount

as a network drive.

\\IP address of NAS\(shared) folder name

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Chapter 3: Manage OUs, Groups, Users, and Computers

8. Click OK to save the settings.

9. Sign in to the domain-joined Windows PC with this domain user account. You will see the

mounted drive on the computer.

Note:

The Local path option at the Profile tab is the path to a Windows local folder. Make

sure this path has already been created on the computer you assigned. Otherwise, your

settings will not be valid.

If domain users have already signed in to the assigned Windows PC before a drive is

mounted, they will need to sign in again to access the mounted drive.

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Chapter 3: Manage OUs, Groups, Users, and Computers

Manage Computers

Computers in the domain created by Synology Directory Server can be workstations, servers,

or NAS. This type of object can be deployed in the domain for users to access.

This section will briefly guide you through the management of computers in Synology Directory

Server.

Note:

To join computers or Synology NAS to the domain, see Chapter 4 for detailed instructions.

Edit Computer Properties

1. Select the computer you wish to edit, and click Action > Edit.

2. Edit the Description for the computer.

3. Click OK to save the settings.

Note:

You can also edit a computer by right-clicking a computer on the Users & Computers page and then clicking Edit.

Delete a Computer

1. Select a computer you wish to delete on the Users & Computers page, and click Action >

Delete.

2. Click Delete in the pop-up message to confirm the deletion.

Note:

You can also delete a computer by right-clicking the computer on the Users & Computers page and then clicking Delete.

You can select multiple computers by pressing and holding the Ctrl or Shift key.

The deletion of computers is irreversible.

33

Chapter 4: Join Devices to a Domain

Joining devices to a domain not only provides an efficient way to manage resources of

an organization collectively, but also allows users to access them simply with one set of

credentials.

This chapter will demonstrate how to join Windows clients and Synology NAS to a domain

managed by Synology Directory service.

Join Windows PCs to a Domain

The following are the versions of Windows operating system that can be joined to the domain

created by Synology Directory Server:

Windows Server 2008 (R2) and above

Windows 10 Enterprise/Pro/Education

Windows 8.1 (8) Enterprise/Pro

Windows 7 Ultimate/Enterprise/Professional

The following steps will guide you to join a Windows 10 PC to a domain:

1. Go to Windows Start icon > Settings > Network & Internet > Status > Change adapter options, and double-click on the network interface the computer is currently using.

Chapter 4: Join Devices to a Domain

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Chapter 4: Join Devices to a Domain

2. On the Status page, click Properties.

3. At the Networking tab, select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and click

Properties.

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Chapter 4: Join Devices to a Domain

4. Tick Use the following DNS server addresses, enter the IP address of the domain

controller in the Preferred DNS server field, and click OK to save the settings.

5. Go to Windows Start icon > Settings > System > About > System info and click Change settings.

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Chapter 4: Join Devices to a Domain

6. At the Computer Name tab, click Change...

7. Under Member of, click Domain and enter the name of the domain you wish for this

computer to join. Click OK after you have confirmed the settings.

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Chapter 4: Join Devices to a Domain

8. Enter the domain administrator's credentials and click OK. Please refer to the following

username format:

Domain NetBIOS name\administrator's username

9. Restart the computer to complete the process of domain joining.

Join Synology NAS to a Domain

You can join Synology NAS to a domain as a domain client. After joining the domain, domain

users can sign in to Synology NAS using their domain accounts and passwords, allowing

them to access files and use DSM applications without the need to remember another set of

username and password.

To join Synology NAS to your domain, please follow the steps below:

1. Go to Control Panel > Domain/LDAP > Domain.

2. Tick Join domain.

3. Enter the domain name and specify the DNS server in the appropriate fields.

4. If necessary, click Domain Options to configure advanced settings (see the following

section Advanced Options).

5. Click Apply.

6. In the pop-up window, enter the domain administrator's credentials and click OK.

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Chapter 4: Join Devices to a Domain

Advanced Options

This section covers the advanced options at Control Panel > Domain/LDAP > Domain:

Option Name Description

Domain Server Type

This field shows the domain type of the Synology NAS after

joining a domain. In this case, the domain type will be AD Domain.

Management Mode

This option will determine how you manage the privileges of

domain users and groups.

Trusted Domain: You can manage users and groups in the domain that the NAS joins as well as other trusted domains. Users and groups can be filtered with the Domain drop- down menu.

Single Domain with OU: Only users and groups in the

domain that the NAS joins will be displayed in this mode.

This mode allows you to filter domain users/domain groups

with the OU drop-down menu.

Advanced domain options

In most cases, you do not need to fill in any of the advanced

domain options. Advanced domain options are needed only

for specific domain environments.

DC IP/FQDN: Specify a domain controller's (DC) IP address

or Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN), and the Synology

NAS will try to communicate with it.

Domain NetBIOS name: Specify the NetBIOS name of the

domain.

Domain FQDN (DNS name): Specify the FQDN of the

domain.

Register DNS interface: When joining a domain, the

Network Interface Card (NIC) specified here will be registered

with the DNS server. Please note that if the hostname of the

Synology NAS includes an underscore (_), the registration will

fail because underscores (_) cannot be used for DNS.

Update user/group list: Specify how often the Synology

NAS automatically updates the domain user/group list. You

can customize the period to perform updates daily, weekly,

or monthly. In addition, domain user/group lists can be

manually updated by going to the Domain Users tab and

clicking Update Domain Data. Please note that automatic

updates will affect system hibernation.

DiskStation will

synchronize with an

NTP server every time a

domain user logs in

Enabling this option will force synchronize the time between

the Synology NAS and the NTP server.

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Chapter 4: Join Devices to a Domain

Option Name Description

Get user/group lists with

NT4-compatible mode

Enabling this option allows the system to obtain user/group

lists using the NT4 RPC mode. This option can be enabled if

certain domain user/group lists cannot be obtained using

default settings.

Enable server signing

If users access the Synology NAS through SMB protocol on

their computers with SMB client signing enabled, the server

signing must also be enabled on the Synology NAS (i.e., the

SMB file server) to ensure the functionality of file transfers.

Enumerate nested group

levels

Specify the level number of nested domain group members

that can be enumerated.

Domain Administrators

Specify up to ten groups of users to whom you wish to

grant administrative privileges. Any user with administrative

privileges will have full control of the Synology NAS and the

files stored thereon.

Enable Integrated

Windows Authentication

If this option is enabled, users who have already signed in to

their computers using domain accounts can access DSM via

an Internet browser without entering their credentials again.

Domain Status Check Check the status of the connection between the DSM and the

domain it has joined.

Using Integrated Windows Authentication

The client computer must run Windows 7 or above.

The client computer must be located in the same domain as Synology NAS.

Go to Windows Control Panel > Internet Options > Advanced and make sure Enable Integrated Windows Authentication checkbox under the Security section is ticked.

Integrated Windows Authentication works with all browsers. For Firefox, a few more steps are required for setup.

1. Open a Firefox browser, enter "about:config" in the URL bar.

2. Search for "network.automatic-ntlm-auth.trusted-uris".

3. Double-click the value field and enter the IP address of the domain.

For the Synology NAS joining a domain created by Synology Directory Server, additional configuration is required to use integrated Windows Authentication:

1. Go to DSM Control Panel > File Services > SMB/AFP/NFS.

2. Under the SMB section, click Advanced Settings.

3. Select SMB1 from the Minimum SMB protocol drop-down menu and click Save.

Logins through Integrated Windows Authentication are only available on DSM 6.2.2 and above.

40

Chapter 5: Configure Group Policies

Group policies are the means of IT administrators to manage user experience within a domain.

They can be used to define restrictions on common actions, deploy services on domain-

integrated devices, manage updates, and ensure a consistent working environment for users.

Good management of group policies will ease the burden of domain administration.

In this chapter, we will provide instructions on how to use Synology Directory Server and

Windows Remote Server Administration Tools (RSAT) to configure group policies for your

domain.

Configure Default Domain Policies

Default Domain Policy allows you to maintain account security on a domain level by setting

up password and account lockout policies. You can click Domain Policy on the left panel to

manage these two types of default domain policies.

Note:

The settings on this page are applied to the group policy Default Domain Policy in Windows RSAT. If this group policy is deleted, this page cannot function normally.

Chapter 5: Configure Group Policies

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Chapter 5: Configure Group Policies

Password Policies

The following are the available password policies on the Domain Policy page:

Maximum password age: Specify the time after which the passwords expire. Passwords will

never expire if the option is disabled.

Minimum password age: Specify the time frame in which users are not allowed to change

their passwords after their last password change. Passwords can be changed at any time if

the option is disabled.

Minimum password length: Specify the minimal length of new passwords.

Enforce password history: Any new passwords must be different from the ones set

previously, the number of which is to be specified here.

Enable password strength check: Passwords must comply with the strength requirements.

Please refer to the note below for more information.

Store password using reversible encryption: Enabling this option will compromise domain

security. This option is not recommended unless demands of domain client services take

higher priority over password security.

Note:

To meet the password strength requirements, your password must comply with at least three of the following rules:

Uppercase letters of the Latin (including A - Z with diacritic marks), Greek, and Cyrillic alphabets.

Lowercase letters of the Latin alphabets (including a - z with diacritic marks), Greek, and Cyrillic alphabets.

Numeric characters (0 - 9).

Special characters, including #, $, !, etc.

Unicode alphabets, including those in Asian languages.

Account Lockout Policies

The following are the available account lockout policies on the Domain Policy page:

Lockout threshold: User accounts will be locked out when the number of failed login

attempts is beyond your specified lockout threshold.

Reset lockout counter after: The number of failed login attempts will be re-calculated after

this specified time.

Lockout duration: Locked-out user accounts will not be unlocked until the end of your

specified lockout duration.

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Chapter 5: Configure Group Policies

Use RSAT to Manage Group Policies

With Synology Directory Server, you can configure policies related to passwords and account

lockout. To configure other types of group policies, however, you have to use Windows Remote Server Administration Tools (RSAT) on a domain-joined Windows PC (see Chapter 4 to learn more on how to join Windows PCs to a domain).

The following sections will guide you through group policy management via RSAT.

Install RSAT to a Windows PC

1. Download Windows RSAT from Microsoft Download Center to a Windows PC. Different

Windows versions have separate RSAT installation files. You can refer to the following list to

find an installation file corresponding to your version of Windows:

Windows 8 Windows 8.1

Windows 10

2. Run the downloaded file and follow the onscreen instructions in the wizard to install RSAT.

3. When the installation is complete, go to Windows Control Panel > Programs > Turn Windows features on or off, and tick the Remote Server Administration Tools checkbox.

4. Make sure you have joined the current computer to your domain and signed in as a domain

administrator. You will find RSAT at Control Panel > Administrative Tools.

Note:

Configurable options of RSAT depend on the Windows version of the computer where

RSAT is installed. For instance, settings available in the Windows 8 RSAT may not cover all

settings built in the Windows 10 RSAT.

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Chapter 5: Configure Group Policies

Assign a Roaming Profile for All Users

Roaming profiles allows domain users to access their files when they sign in to different

computers that are joined to the domain. Please follow the steps below to assign profiles for

all domain users via RSAT:

1. Make sure you have created a shared folder and granted sufficient permissions to all

domain users on the domain controller.

2. Sign in to a domain-joined Windows PC as a domain administrator.

3. Go to Windows Control Panel > System and Security > Administrative Tools > Group Policy Management.

4. Go to Forest: domain name > Domains > Domain name > Default Domain Policy.

5. At the Settings tab, right-click to open the context menu, and click Edit.

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Chapter 5: Configure Group Policies

6. Go to User Configuration > Policies > Windows Settings > Folder Redirection.

7. Right-click the folders you would like to redirect and click Properties.

8. Configure the settings as below:

a. Switch to the Target tab.

b. Select Basic - Redirect everyone's folders to the same location.

c. Enter the information needed in Target folder location and Root Path.

d. Click OK.

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Chapter 5: Configure Group Policies

9. The roaming profiles of domain users will be directed to the path you assigned.

Mount a Network Drive for All Users

Besides setting roaming profiles, Synology Directory Server also allows you to mount a

network drive for domain users. Please follow the steps below to mount a network drive for all

users via RSAT:

1. Make sure you have created a shared folder and granted sufficient permissions (at minimal

read permissions required) to all domain users on the controller Synology NAS.

2. Sign in to a domain-joined Windows PC as a domain administrator.

3. Go to Windows Control Panel > System and Security > Administrative Tools > Group Policy Management.

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Chapter 5: Configure Group Policies

4. Go to Forest: domain name > Domains > Domain name > Default Domain Policy.

5. At the Settings tab, right-click to open the context menu, and click Edit.

6. In the console tree, go to User Configuration > Preferences > Windows Settings > Drive Maps. Right-click in the right-hand pane and click New > Mapped Drive.

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Chapter 5: Configure Group Policies

7. Configure the following settings and click OK:

Action: Select Create from the drop-down menu.

Location: Enter the location of the network drive, e.g., "\\192.168.1.1\SynoRock".

Drive Letter: Under this section, click Use and choose a drive letter.

8. After the configuration, you will see the network drive mounted on this computer when you

sign in via any domain user account.

Note:

It is not necessary to enter a User name and Password under the Connect as (optional) section because Windows will attempt to mount the network drive for your account when the settings are completed. When a domain user signs in, Windows will automatically mount the network drive for that user's account.

To make network drives work properly, please ensure that the destination of network drives exists and that users have access permissions.

48

Chapter 6: Maintain and Recover Directory Service

When working with Synology Directory Server, it is of vital importance that you make sure the

directory service is securely maintained and backed up. Regular maintenance and backup

become helpful when you lose data owing to accidental system failures or deletion of data.

In this chapter, we will cover tools and methods for setting up a high-availability cluster and

backup tasks for Synology Directory Server.

Ensure Uninterrupted Directory Service via Synology High Availability

To secure the continuous availability of Synology Directory Server, we suggest protecting your

directory database through the Synology High Availability package.

Synology High Availability uses two servers to form a "high-availability cluster" in which one

server assumes the role of "active server" and another server acts as a standby "passive

server". This server layout solution is designed to reduce interruptions of services caused by

server malfunctions (See the Synology High Availability help articles for more information

on essentials of high-availability clusters).

Please refer to the following for system requirements and a guideline on how to set up a high-

availability cluster to ensure an uninterrupted Synology Directory service.

System Requirements

Synology High Availability requires two identical Synology NAS with the same system

configurations to set up a cluster. Before starting, please pay extra attention to the following

information and configure the pair of Synology NAS accordingly:

Applied models: Both the active and passive servers should be identical models and support

Synology High Availability. See here to learn more about models supporting this package.

DSM & package version: The same version of DSM and Synology High Availability must be

installed on both the active and passive servers. Please note that the service monitoring

Synology Directory service is only supported by Synology Directory Server 4.4.5-0093 (and

above) along with Synology High Availability 2.0.3-0140 (and above).

Identical storage and network settings:

The number, capacity, and inserted slots of drives must be identical on both the active

and passive servers.

Chapter 6: Maintain and Recover Directory Service

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Chapter 6: Maintain and Recover Directory Service

The total number of network interfaces and network settings must be identical on both

the active and passive servers. In particular, please make sure each server has at least

one static IP address belonging to the same subnet, and that you have set up a Heartbeat

connection for internal communication between the two servers.

Note:

For complete information on system requirements, please refer to this article.

Set up a High-Availability Cluster

To set up a Synology High Availability cluster, please follow the steps below:

Note:

To ensure that Synology Directory Server works properly, please set up the Synology High

Availability cluster before activating Synology Directory service.

1. Launch Synology High Availability.

2. Click Create high-availability cluster and follow the wizard's instruction to complete the

setup (see this article for detailed guidelines).

3. Install Synology Directory Server (see this section) and set up Synology Directory service

(see Chapter 2).

4. Go to Synology High Availability > Service.

5. Tick Synology Directory Server and click Apply to save the settings.

Note:

Besides the high-availability cluster, please also back up Synology Directory service periodically via Hyper Backup (see the section Back up and Restore Directory Service via Hyper Backup for detailed instructions).

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Chapter 6: Maintain and Recover Directory Service

Back up and Restore Directory Service via Hyper Backup

You may use the Synology Hyper Backup package to back up or restore the data and settings

of Synology Directory Server. Hyper Backup offers the following features:

Retain up to 65,535 versions of data while storage consumption is minimized with cross-

version deduplication.

Keep backed-up data in a proprietary database that can be easily browsed, downloaded, or

restored with a multi-version explorer on the DSM, Windows, and Linux platforms.

Back up various types of data (e.g., system configurations, shared folders, and applications/

packages) manually or periodically.

Store backup tasks in local shared folders, remote servers, or public clouds.

Retain multiple backup versions for each task. Automatic backup rotation is optional and

has three modes: deletion from the earliest backup version, Smart Recycle, and customized

policies.

To back up Synology Directory Server, please go to Package Center to install Hyper Backup.

Create a Backup Task

Hyper Backup allows you to create, manage, and monitor data backup tasks. To back up your

data, please follow the steps below:

1. Launch Hyper Backup.

2. Click + on the lower-left corner, and select Data backup task to launch the backup wizard.

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Chapter 6: Maintain and Recover Directory Service

3. Select the desired type of backup destination. We suggest not selecting the same device.

4. Select Create backup task.

5. Select the folders you wish to back up and click Next.

6. Tick Synology Directory Server and click Next.

7. Follow the wizard's instructions to finish the backup task creation.

Restore a Data Backup

Hyper Backup allows you to recover your directory once errors occur in Synology Directory

Server. Besides, you can also migrate Synology Directory service to another Synology NAS by

service restoration in Hyper Backup.

To restore a data backup for Synology Directory Server, please follow the steps below:

1. Launch Hyper Backup. Click Restore > Data on the lower-left corner.

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Chapter 6: Maintain and Recover Directory Service

2. Select a backup task to restore.

3. You will be prompted to select system configurations, different versions of backup data, or

more. It depends on which type of backup task you wish to restore.

4. If the backup task is encrypted, you will need the password/encryption key for successful

restoration.

5. Follow the wizard to complete the restoration.

Note:

For more details about the backup and restore functions, please refer to the Hyper Backup help articles on the Synology website.

53

Chapter 7: Troubleshooting and FAQs

This chapter provides some frequently asked questions on Synology Directory configurations.

Account Issues

Why can a newly-created user sign in to DSM using both the old/new passwords?

The issue arises from a Windows attribute OldPasswordAllowedPeriod (see this article for

more information). This attribute determines how long the system will permit an NTLM login

through the old password after a password change or reset.

When OldPasswordAllowedPeriod and the password settings are configured in the

following way, domain users who have changed their passwords may be able to sign in to

DSM using both the old and new passwords within a specified time (based on the value of

OldPasswordAllowedPeriod):

The password history function is enabled.

NTLM (instead of Kerberos) is used to change passwords.

OldPasswordAllowedPeriod is not set to zero (the default is 60 minutes).

To resolve the issue, please disable OldPasswordAllowedPeriod by following the steps below:

1. Open the terminal emulator on your computer (e.g., PuTTY).

2. Sign in to DSM with root permission via SSH/Telnet.

3. Enter the following command:

vi /var/packages/DirectoryServerForWindowsDomain/conf/etc/synoadserver.

conf.mustache

4. Change old password allowed period to 0 and save the settings.

Chapter 7: Troubleshooting and FAQs

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Chapter 7: Troubleshooting and FAQs

What should I do if I receive the message "Account restrictions are preventing this user from signing in." when signing in to Windows with a domain user account?

The complete scenario of this issue is described below:

When you sign in to a domain-joined Windows PC with a domain user account, the login fails

and you receive the message "Account restrictions are preventing this user from signing in.

For example: blank passwords are allowed, sign-in times are limited, or a policy restriction has

been enforced." However, you can still sign in to DSM through the user account. Accessing a

shared folder with the same account over SMB is still available as well.

To resolve the issue, please do the following:

1. Go to DSM Synology Directory Server > Users & Computers.

2. Double-click the default user krbtgt.

3. At the Account tab, do either of the following:

Keep the Lock out this account checkbox unticked.

Tick the Disable this account checkbox.

How to list all disabled users in Synology Directory Server?

1. Open the terminal emulator on your computer (e.g., PuTTY).

2. Sign in to DSM with root permission via SSH/Telnet.

3. Enter the following command:

ldbsearch -H ldap://localhost '(&(objectCategory=Person)

(objectclass=user)(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2))' -P

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Chapter 7: Troubleshooting and FAQs

What should I do if roaming profiles are not synchronized to Synology Directory Server when OpLock is enabled? (Windows PC only)

If you enable OpLock (Opportunistic Locks) at DSM Control Panel > File Services > SMB >

Advanced Settings, roaming profiles may not be successfully synced to Synology Directory

Server when domain users shut down their computers. To resolve this issue, please do the

following:

1. Run Windows Powershell as the administrator on a Windows PC.

2. At the command prompt, enter "gpedit.msc". You will see the window for Local Group Policy Editor.

3. Go to Local Computer Policy > Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates >

System > User Profiles.

4. Double-click Do not forcefully unload the user registry at user logoff.

5. In the resulting window, click Enabled.

6. Click OK.

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Chapter 7: Troubleshooting and FAQs

Directory Issues

Why are there "sysvol" and "netlogon" folders?

When using SMB protocol to connect your computer to a Synology NAS where a domain has

been set up by Synology Directory Server, you will see sysvol and netlogon folders, which

contain files required for Synology Directory Server.

The sysvol folder stores a domain's public files. The netlogon folder contains logon scripts

and group policies that can be used by computers deployed within a domain.

Note:

The sysvol and netlogon folders cannot be hidden or disabled.

These two folders will not be displayed at DSM Control Panel > Shared Folder.

These two folders will be displayed but cannot be accessed directly on Windows 10

computers.

How to expand nested groups for Synology Directory Server?

Nested groups provide flexibility in planning your group structure and applying access control

lists (ACLs) to domain resources. To enable this function for the groups in Synology Directory

Server's domain, please follow the steps below:

1. Open the terminal emulator on your computer (e.g., PuTTY).

2. Sign in to DSM with root permission via SSH/Telnet.

3. Enter "vi /etc/samba/smbinfo.conf".

4. Add the following parameter ("x" is the number of nested group levels. You can replace x

with any numbers, such as 2 or 5.):

winbind expand groups=x

5. Enter "restart winbindd". We suggest executing this command during off-peak hours to

reduce the performance impact on day-to-day activities.

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Chapter 7: Troubleshooting and FAQs

What should I do if I receive the message "Strong authentication is required." when joining a computer to my domain through an LDAP- joining method?

Joining computers to the Synology Directory Server's domain through an LDAP-joining method

is not officially supported by Synology Directory Server. However, you can still activate this

function by following the steps below:

1. Go to DSM Control Panel > Security > Certificate, and make sure the name of the

certificate used by Synology Directory Server matches your domain.

2. Open the terminal emulator on your computer (e.g., PuTTY).

3. Sign in to DSM with root permission via SSH/Telnet.

4. Enter "vi /etc/samba/smb.conf".

5. Add the following parameter and save the settings:

ldap server require strong auth = no

Note:

To join your computer to a Synology Directory Server's domain, please identify Synology Directory Server by the FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name, e.g., "synol.local") during the LDAP-joining wizard on your computer.

If you still cannot join your computer to the domain through an LDAP-joining method, we

suggest setting up an LDAP directory through the LDAP Server package instead. For more

information, see the LDAP Server help articles on the Synology website.

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Chapter 7: Troubleshooting and FAQs

DNS Issues

How to get domain clients registered to PTR records in DNS Server automatically? (Windows PC only)

A PTR record helps reverse DNS lookup, i.e., resolving an IP address back to a domain name

or hostname. To make sure domain clients are registered to PTR records in DNS Server

automatically, please follow the steps below:

1. Enable "Use this connection's DNS suffix in DNS registration":

a. Use an account with administrator privileges to sign in to the domain-joined Windows PC

that should register the PTR record.

b. Go to the Windows Start icon > Settings > Network & Internet > Status> Change

adapter options, and double-click on the network interface you are currently using.

c. On the Status page, click Properties.

d. At the Networking tab, select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and click

Properties.

e. Click Advanced

f. On the Advanced TCP/IP Settings page, go to the DNS tab.

g. Tick Use this connection's DNS suffix in DNS registration and click OK to save the

settings.

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Chapter 7: Troubleshooting and FAQs

2. Enable auto-registering PTR records:

a. On the same Windows PC, run Windows Powershell as the administrator.

b. At the command prompt, enter "gpedit.msc". You will see the window for Local Group Policy Editor.

c. Go to Local Computer Policy > Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates

> Network > DNS Client.

d. Double-click Register PTR Records.

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Chapter 7: Troubleshooting and FAQs

e. In the resulting window, click Enabled.

f. Click OK.

How to force domain clients to register a new IP address to the AD zone in DNS Server? (Windows PC only)

1. Run Windows PowerShell as the administrator on a Windows PC.

2. Run the following command:

ipconfig /registerdns

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Chapter 7: Troubleshooting and FAQs

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Manualsnet FAQs

If you want to find out how the DS115j Synology works, you can view and download the Synology DS115j v14 Administrator's Guide on the Manualsnet website.

Yes, we have the Administrator's Guide for Synology DS115j as well as other Synology manuals. All you need to do is to use our search bar and find the user manual that you are looking for.

The Administrator's Guide should include all the details that are needed to use a Synology DS115j. Full manuals and user guide PDFs can be downloaded from Manualsnet.com.

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You can download Synology DS115j v14 Administrator's Guide free of charge simply by clicking the “download” button in the upper right corner of any manuals page. This feature allows you to download any manual in a couple of seconds and is generally in PDF format. You can also save a manual for later by adding it to your saved documents in the user profile.

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