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Casio ClassPad 300 Plus Ver.2.20 Operating System User's Guide PDF

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Summary of Content for Casio ClassPad 300 Plus Ver.2.20 Operating System User's Guide PDF

ClassPad 300 PLUS ClassPad OS Version 2.20

Users Guide

E

CASIO Education website URL

http://edu.casio.com ClassPad website URL

http://edu.casio.com/products/classpad/ ClassPad register URL

http://edu.casio.com/dl/

GUIDELINES LAID DOWN BY FCC RULES FOR USE OF THE UNIT IN THE U.S.A. (not appli- cable to other areas).

NOTICE This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protec- tion against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is

connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

FCC WARNING Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the users authority to operate the equipment. Proper connectors must be used for connection to host computer and/or peripherals in order to meet FCC emission limits.

Connector SB-62 ClassPad to ClassPad USB connector that comes with the ClassPad 300 PLUS ClassPad to Windows PC

Fugue 1999 2002 Kyoto Software Research, Inc. All rights reserved.

Declaration of Conformity Model Number: ClassPad 300 PLUS Trade Name: CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. Responsible party: CASIO, INC. Address: 570 MT. PLEASANT AVENUE, DOVER, NEW JERSEY 07801 Telephone number: 973-361-5400

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

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Getting Ready This section contains important information you need to know before using the ClassPad for the first time.

1. Unpacking When unpacking your ClassPad, check to make sure that all of the items shown here are included. If anything is missing, contact your original retailer immediately.

ClassPad

Stylus (Inserted in ClassPad.)

Touch Screen Protector

CD-ROM

3-pin Cable (SB-62)

Front Cover (Attached to ClassPad.)

USB Cable

Four AAA-size Batteries LR03 (AM4)

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Keyboard ON/OFF

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Quick Start Guide

(The protector is already installed on the touch screen when you purchase the ClassPad.)

Quick Start Guide

ClassPad 300 PLUS ClassPad OS Version 2.20

http://world.casio.com/edu/ http://classpad.net

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RJA510188-029V01

1 Getting Ready

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2. Attaching and Removing the Front Cover u To remove the front cover

Before using the ClassPad, remove the front cover and attach it to the back.

u To attach the front cover When you are not using the ClassPad, attach the front cover to the front.

2 Getting Ready

Important! Always attach the front cover to the ClassPad whenever you are not using it. Otherwise,

accidental operation of the touch screen or the o key can cause the power to turn on and run down the batteries.

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4. Replacing Batteries and Setting Up the ClassPad

uClassPad Operation

(1) Making sure that you do not accidentally press the o key, attach the front cover to the ClassPad and then turn the ClassPad over. Remove the battery cover from the ClassPad by pulling with your finger at the point marked 1.

(2) Load the four batteries that come with ClassPad.

Make sure that the positive (+) and negative () ends of the batteries are facing correctly.

P

1

3 Getting Ready

3. Using the Stylus Slide the stylus from the slot provided for it on the ClassPad, and then use it to perform touch panel operations.

Important! Be careful so that you do not misplace or lose the stylus. When you are not using it, always

keep the stylus in the slot provided for it on the ClassPad.

Be careful so that you do not damage the tip of the stylus. A damaged tip can scratch or otherwise damage the ClassPad touch panel.

Use only the supplied stylus or a similar instrument to perform touch panel operations. Never use a pen, pencil, or other writing instrument.

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b. Tap the center of each of the four cross marks as they appear on the display.

If the Touch Panel Alignment screen does not appear, use the stylus to press the P button on the back of the ClassPad.

Important! It may take a little time for your ClassPad to start up after

you press the P button.

(6) Adjust the display contrast.

a. Tap the button to make contrast darker, or the button to make it lighter.

b. After the contrast setting is the way you want, tap [Set].

Tapping [Initial] on the Contrast dialog box returns contrast to its initial factory default setting.

P P button

4 Getting Ready

(3) Replace the battery cover, making sure that its tabs enter the holes marked 2 and turn the ClassPad front side up.

(4) Remove the front cover from the ClassPad.

(5) Align the touch panel.

a. Your ClassPad should turn on automatically and display the Touch Panel Alignment screen.

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(7) Specify the display language.

a. On the list that appears, tap the language you want to use.

You can select German, English, Spanish, French, or Portuguese.

b. When the language you want is selected, tap [Set].

Tapping [Cancel] selects English and advances to the next dialog box.

(8) Specify the soft keyboard key arrangement.

a. On the list that appears, tap the key arrangement you want to use.

b. When the key arrangement you want is selected, tap [Set].

Tapping [Cancel] selects QWERTY arrangement and advances to the next dialog box.

(9) Specify the font set.

a. On the list that appears, tap the font set you want to use.

You can select Regular or Bolder.

b. When the font set you want is selected, tap [Set].

Tapping [Cancel] selects Bolder and finalizes the setup operation.

5 Getting Ready

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6 Getting Ready

5. User Registration Before using your ClassPad 300 PLUS or OH-ClassPad PLUS, be sure to read the contents of the file named Readme.html, which is on the bundled CD-ROM. There you will find the URL for a Website where you can register as an official user.

http://classpad.net/register/regist_form.html

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Handling Precautions Your ClassPad is made of precision components. Never try to take it apart.

Avoid dropping your ClassPad and subjecting it to strong impact.

Do not store the ClassPad or leave it in areas exposed to high temperatures or humidity, or large amounts of dust. When exposed to low temperatures, the ClassPad may require more time to display results and may even fail to operate. Correct operation will resume once the ClassPad is brought back to normal temperature.

Replace the batteries once every one year regardless of how much the ClassPad is used during that period. Never leave dead batteries in the battery compartment. They can leak and damage the ClassPad.

Keep batteries out of the reach of small children. If swallowed, consult a physician immediately.

Avoid using volatile liquids such as thinners or benzine to clean the ClassPad. Wipe it with a soft, dry cloth, or with a cloth that has been moistened with a solution of water and a neutral detergent and wrung out.

Always be gentle when wiping dust off the display to avoid scratching it.

In no event will the manufacturer and its suppliers be liable to you or any other person for any damages, expenses, lost profits, lost savings or any other damages caused by loss of data and/or formulas arising out of malfunction, repairs, or battery replacement. It is up to you to prepare physical records of data to protect against such data loss.

Never dispose of batteries, the liquid crystal panel, or other components by burning them.

When the Batteries are extremely low! message appears on the display, replace the batteries as soon as possible.

Be sure to turn off the ClassPad before replacing the batteries.

If the ClassPad is exposed to a strong electrostatic charge, its memory contents may be damaged or the keys may stop working. In such a case, perform the reset operation to clear the memory and restore normal key operation.

If the ClassPad stops operating correctly for some reason, use the stylus to press the P button on the back of the ClassPad. Note, however, that this clears all the data in ClassPad memory.

Note that strong vibration or impact during program execution can cause execution to stop or can damage the ClassPads memory contents.

Using the ClassPad near a television or radio can cause interference with TV or radio reception.

Before assuming malfunction of the ClassPad, be sure to carefully reread this users guide to ensure that the problem is not due to insufficient battery power, programming, or operational errors.

Make sure nothing gets between the front cover and the touch screen. Besides creating the risk of scratching the touch screen, an object coming into contact with the screen can cause the power to turn on and run down the batteries.

Always attach the front cover to the ClassPad whenever you are not using it. Otherwise, accidental operation of the touch screen or the o key can cause the power to turn on and run down the batteries.

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Be sure to keep physical records of all important data! Low battery power or incorrect replacement of the batteries that power the ClassPad can cause the data stored in memory to be corrupted or even lost entirely. Stored data can also be affected by strong electrostatic charge or strong impact. It is up to you to keep back up copies of data to protect against its loss.

Backing Up Data Your ClassPad comes bundled with a special USB cable and ClassPad Manager software, which you can use to backup data to a computer running Windows 98SE, Me, XP, or 2000.

The ClassPad Manager software is on the CD-ROM.

In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of these materials. Moreover, CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever against the use of these materials by any other party.

The contents of this users guide are subject to change without notice.

No part of this users guide may be reproduced in any form without the express written consent of the manufacturer.

The options described in Chapter 16 of this users guide may not be available in certain geographic areas. For full details on availability in your area, contact your nearest CASIO dealer or distributor.

8 Getting Ready

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ClassPad 300 PLUS ClassPad OS Version 2.20

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Contents

Getting Ready 1. Unpacking ................................................................................................... 1 2. Attaching and Removing the Front Cover ............................................... 2 3. Using the Stylus ......................................................................................... 3 4. Replacing Batteries and Setting Up the ClassPad .................................. 3 5. User Registration ........................................................................................ 6 Handling Precautions ...................................................................................... 7

About This Users Guide ClassPad Keypad and Icon Panel .................................................................... 0-1-1 On-screen Keys, Menus, and Other Controllers ............................................... 0-1-2 Page Contents .................................................................................................. 0-1-3

Chapter 1 Getting Acquainted 1-1 General Guide ....................................................................................... 1-1-1

General Guide ................................................................................................... 1-1-2 Using the Stylus ................................................................................................ 1-1-4

1-2 Turning Power On and Off ................................................................... 1-2-1 Turning Power On ............................................................................................. 1-2-1 Turning Power Off ............................................................................................. 1-2-1 Resume Function .............................................................................................. 1-2-1 Limiting the Duration of the Sleep State ........................................................... 1-2-2

1-3 Using the Icon Panel ............................................................................ 1-3-1 1-4 Built-in Applications ............................................................................. 1-4-1

Starting a Built-in Application ............................................................................ 1-4-2 Application Menu Operations ............................................................................ 1-4-2

1-5 Built-in Application Basic Operations ................................................ 1-5-1 Application Window ........................................................................................... 1-5-1 Using a Dual Window Display ........................................................................... 1-5-1 Using the Menu Bar .......................................................................................... 1-5-2 Using the O Menu .......................................................................................... 1-5-4 Using Check Boxes ........................................................................................... 1-5-6 Using Option Buttons ........................................................................................ 1-5-7 Using the Settings Menu ................................................................................... 1-5-8 Using the Toolbar .............................................................................................. 1-5-9 Interpreting Status Bar Information ................................................................. 1-5-10 Pausing and Terminating an Operation ........................................................... 1-5-10

1-6 Input ....................................................................................................... 1-6-1 Using the Soft Keyboard ................................................................................... 1-6-1 Input Basics ....................................................................................................... 1-6-3 Advanced Soft Keyboard Operations ................................................................ 1-6-8

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1-7 Variables and Folders .......................................................................... 1-7-1 Folder Types ..................................................................................................... 1-7-1 Variable Types ................................................................................................... 1-7-2 Creating a Folder .............................................................................................. 1-7-4 Creating and Using Variables ............................................................................ 1-7-5 Assigning Values and Other Data to a System Variable ................................. 1-7-10 Locking a Variable or Folder ........................................................................... 1-7-10 Rules Governing Variable Access .................................................................... 1-7-11

1-8 Using the Variable Manager ................................................................. 1-8-1 Variable Manager Overview .............................................................................. 1-8-1 Starting Up the Variable Manager ..................................................................... 1-8-1 Variable Manager Views ................................................................................... 1-8-2 Exiting the Variable Manager ............................................................................ 1-8-2 Variable Manager Folder Operations ................................................................ 1-8-3 Variable Operations ........................................................................................... 1-8-7

Chapter 2 Using the Main Application 2-1 Main Application Overview .................................................................. 2-1-1

Starting Up the Main Application ....................................................................... 2-1-1 Main Application Window .................................................................................. 2-1-1 Main Application Menus and Buttons ................................................................ 2-1-3 Using Main Application Modes .......................................................................... 2-1-4 Accessing ClassPad Application Windows from the Main Application .............. 2-1-5 Accessing the Main Application Window from Another ClassPad Application ......................................................................................................... 2-1-6

2-2 Basic Calculations ................................................................................ 2-2-1 Arithmetic Calculations and Parentheses Calculations ..................................... 2-2-1 Using the e Key ............................................................................................ 2-2-2 Omitting the Multiplication Sign ......................................................................... 2-2-2 Using the Answer Variable (ans) ....................................................................... 2-2-2 Calculation Error ............................................................................................... 2-2-3 Calculation Priority Sequence ........................................................................... 2-2-4 Calculation Modes ............................................................................................. 2-2-5

2-3 Using the Calculation History ............................................................. 2-3-1 Viewing Calculation History Contents ............................................................... 2-3-1 Re-calculating an Expression ............................................................................ 2-3-2 Deleting Part of the Calculation History Contents ............................................. 2-3-4 Clearing All Calculation History Contents .......................................................... 2-3-4

2-4 Function Calculations .......................................................................... 2-4-1 2-5 List Calculations ................................................................................... 2-5-1

Inputting List Data ............................................................................................. 2-5-1 Using a List in a Calculation .............................................................................. 2-5-3

2-6 Matrix and Vector Calculations ........................................................... 2-6-1 Inputting Matrix Data ......................................................................................... 2-6-1 Performing Matrix Calculations ......................................................................... 2-6-4

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2-7 Using the Action Menu ......................................................................... 2-7-1 Abbreviations and Punctuation Used in This Section ....................................... 2-7-1 Example Screenshots ....................................................................................... 2-7-2 Displaying the Action Menu ............................................................................... 2-7-3 Using the Transformation Submenu .................................................................. 2-7-3 Using the Calculation Submenu ........................................................................ 2-7-8 Using the Complex Submenu ......................................................................... 2-7-15 Using the List-Create Submenu ...................................................................... 2-7-17 Using the List-Calculation Submenu ............................................................... 2-7-20 Using the Matrix-Create Submenu .................................................................. 2-7-26 Using the Matrix-Calculation Submenu ........................................................... 2-7-29 Using the Vector Submenu ............................................................................. 2-7-34 Using the Equation/Inequality Submenu ......................................................... 2-7-38 Using the Assistant Submenu ......................................................................... 2-7-44

2-8 Using the Interactive Menu .................................................................. 2-8-1 Interactive Menu and Action Menu .................................................................... 2-8-1 Interactive Menu Example ................................................................................. 2-8-1 Using the apply Command ............................................................................. 2-8-4

2-9 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications .......................................................................................... 2-9-1

Opening Another Applications Window ............................................................ 2-9-1 Closing Another Applications Window .............................................................. 2-9-2 Using the Graph Window $ and 3D Graph Window % ................................ 2-9-2 Using a Graph Editor Window (Graph & Table: !, Conics: *, 3D Graph: @, Numeric Solver: 1) ................................................................ 2-9-4 Using the List Editor Window ( ...................................................................... 2-9-5 Using the Geometry Window 3 ...................................................................... 2-9-9 Using the Sequence Editor Window & ......................................................... 2-9-12 Using the Table Window # ........................................................................... 2-9-12

2-10 Using Verify ......................................................................................... 2-10-1 Starting Up Verify ............................................................................................ 2-10-1 Verify Menus and Buttons ............................................................................... 2-10-2 Using Verify ..................................................................................................... 2-10-3

Chapter 3 Using the Graph & Table Application 3-1 Graph & Table Application Overview .................................................. 3-1-1

Starting Up the Graph & Table Application ........................................................ 3-1-1 Graph & Table Application Window ................................................................... 3-1-1 Graph & Table Application Menus and Buttons ................................................. 3-1-2 Graph & Table Application Status Bar ............................................................... 3-1-7 Graph & Table Application Basic Operations .................................................... 3-1-7

3-2 Using the Graph Window ..................................................................... 3-2-1 Configuring View Window Parameters for the Graph Window.......................... 3-2-1 Scrolling the Graph Window .............................................................................. 3-2-5 Panning the Graph Window .............................................................................. 3-2-5 Zooming the Graph Window ............................................................................. 3-2-6 Other Graph Window Operations .................................................................... 3-2-10

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3-3 Storing Functions ................................................................................. 3-3-1 Using Graph Editor Sheets ............................................................................... 3-3-1 Specifying the Function Type ............................................................................ 3-3-2 Storing a Function ............................................................................................. 3-3-3 Using Built-in Functions .................................................................................... 3-3-5 Saving the Message Box Expression to the Graph Editor Window .................. 3-3-5 Editing Stored Functions ................................................................................... 3-3-6 Deleting All Graph Editor Expressions .............................................................. 3-3-7 Graphing a Stored Function .............................................................................. 3-3-7 Saving Graph Editor Data to Graph Memory .................................................... 3-3-9

3-4 Using Table & Graph ............................................................................ 3-4-1 Generating a Number Table .............................................................................. 3-4-1 Editing Number Table Values ............................................................................ 3-4-4 Deleting, Inserting, and Adding Number Table Lines ........................................ 3-4-5 Regenerating a Number Table .......................................................................... 3-4-6 Generating a Number Table and Using It to Draw a Graph .............................. 3-4-7 Saving a Number Table to a List ....................................................................... 3-4-8 Generating a Summary Table ........................................................................... 3-4-9 Making the Graph Editor Window the Active Window ..................................... 3-4-15

3-5 Modifying a Graph ................................................................................ 3-5-1 Modifying a Single Graph by Changing the Value of a Coefficient (Direct Modify) ................................................................................................... 3-5-1 Simultaneously Modifying Multiple Graphs by Changing Common Variables (Dynamic Modify) .............................................................................................. 3-5-4

3-6 Using the Sketch Menu ........................................................................ 3-6-1 Sketch Menu Overview ..................................................................................... 3-6-1 Using Sketch Menu Commands ........................................................................ 3-6-1

3-7 Using Trace ........................................................................................... 3-7-1 Using Trace to Read Graph Coordinates .......................................................... 3-7-1 Linking Trace to a Number Table ...................................................................... 3-7-3 Generating Number Table Values from a Graph ............................................... 3-7-4

3-8 Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph ..................................... 3-8-1 G-Solve Menu Overview ................................................................................... 3-8-1 Using G-Solve Menu Commands ...................................................................... 3-8-2

Chapter 4 Using the Conics Application 4-1 Conics Application Overview .............................................................. 4-1-1

Starting Up the Conics Application .................................................................... 4-1-1 Conics Application Window ............................................................................... 4-1-1 Conics Application Menus and Buttons ............................................................. 4-1-2 Conics Application Status Bar ........................................................................... 4-1-4

4-2 Inputting Equations ............................................................................. 4-2-1 Using a Conics Form to Input an Equation ....................................................... 4-2-1 Inputting an Equation Manually ......................................................................... 4-2-3 Transforming a Manually Input Equation to a Conics Form .............................. 4-2-3

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4-3 Drawing a Conics Graph ...................................................................... 4-3-1 Drawing a Parabola .......................................................................................... 4-3-1 Drawing a Circle ................................................................................................ 4-3-4 Drawing an Ellipse ............................................................................................ 4-3-5 Drawing a Hyperbola ......................................................................................... 4-3-6 Drawing a General Conics ................................................................................ 4-3-8

4-4 Using Trace to Read Graph Coordinates ........................................... 4-4-1 Using Trace ....................................................................................................... 4-4-1

4-5 Using G-Solve to Analyze a Conics Graph ......................................... 4-5-1 Displaying the G-Solve Menu ............................................................................ 4-5-1 Using G-Solve Menu Commands ...................................................................... 4-5-2

Chapter 5 Using the 3D Graph Application 5-1 3D Graph Application Overview .......................................................... 5-1-1

Starting Up the 3D Graph Application ............................................................... 5-1-1 3D Graph Application Window .......................................................................... 5-1-1 3D Graph Application Menus and Buttons ........................................................ 5-1-2 3D Graph Application Status Bar ...................................................................... 5-1-4

5-2 Inputting an Expression ....................................................................... 5-2-1 Using 3D Graph Editor Sheets .......................................................................... 5-2-1 Storing a Function ............................................................................................. 5-2-2

5-3 Drawing a 3D Graph ............................................................................. 5-3-1 Configuring 3D Graph View Window Parameters ............................................. 5-3-1 3D Graph Example ............................................................................................ 5-3-3

5-4 Manipulating a Graph on the 3D Graph Window ............................... 5-4-1 Enlarging and Reducing the Size of a Graph .................................................... 5-4-1 Switching the Eye Position ................................................................................ 5-4-1 Rotating the Graph Manually ............................................................................ 5-4-2 Rotating a Graph Automatically ......................................................................... 5-4-2 Initializing the Graph Window............................................................................ 5-4-2

5-5 Other 3D Graph Application Functions .............................................. 5-5-1 Using Trace to Read Graph Coordinates .......................................................... 5-5-1 Inserting Text into a 3D Graph Window ............................................................. 5-5-1 Calculating a z-value for Particular x- and y-values .......................................... 5-5-2

Chapter 6 Using the Sequence Application 6-1 Sequence Application Overview ......................................................... 6-1-1

Starting up the Sequence Application ............................................................... 6-1-1 Sequence Application Window .......................................................................... 6-1-1 Sequence Application Menus and Buttons ....................................................... 6-1-2 Sequence Application Status Bar ...................................................................... 6-1-6

6-2 Inputting an Expression in the Sequence Application ...................... 6-2-1 Inputting Data on the Sequence Editor Window ............................................... 6-2-1 Inputting Data on the Sequence RUN Window ................................................. 6-2-1

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6-3 Recursive and Explicit Form of a Sequence ...................................... 6-3-1 Generating a Number Table .............................................................................. 6-3-1 Graphing a Recursion ....................................................................................... 6-3-3 Determining the General Term of a Recursion Expression ............................... 6-3-5 Calculating the Sum of a Sequence .................................................................. 6-3-6

6-4 Using LinkTrace .................................................................................... 6-4-1

Chapter 7 Using the Statistics Application 7-1 Statistics Application Overview .......................................................... 7-1-1

Starting Up the Statistics Application ................................................................ 7-1-2 List Editor Window Menus and Buttons ............................................................ 7-1-3 List Editor Window Status Bar ........................................................................... 7-1-4

7-2 Using List Editor ................................................................................... 7-2-1 Basic List Operations ........................................................................................ 7-2-1 Inputting Data into a List ................................................................................... 7-2-4 Editing List Contents ......................................................................................... 7-2-7 Sorting List Data ................................................................................................ 7-2-8 Controlling the Number of Displayed List Columns ........................................... 7-2-9 Clearing All List Editor Data .............................................................................. 7-2-9

7-3 Before Trying to Draw a Statistical Graph .......................................... 7-3-1 Using the SetGraph Menu ................................................................................. 7-3-1 Configuring StatGraph Setups .......................................................................... 7-3-2

7-4 Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data .......................................... 7-4-1 Normal Probability Plot (NPPlot) ....................................................................... 7-4-1 Histogram Bar Graph (Histogram) .................................................................... 7-4-2 Med-Box Plot (MedBox) .................................................................................... 7-4-2 Modified-Box Plot (ModBox) ............................................................................. 7-4-3 Normal Distribution Curve (NDist) ..................................................................... 7-4-3 Broken Line Graph (Broken) ............................................................................. 7-4-4

7-5 Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data .......................................... 7-5-1 Drawing a Scatter Plot and xy Line Graph ........................................................ 7-5-1 Drawing a Regression Graph ............................................................................ 7-5-2 Graphing Previously Calculated Regression Results ........................................ 7-5-4 Drawing a Linear Regression Graph ................................................................. 7-5-5 Drawing a Med-Med Graph ............................................................................... 7-5-6 Drawing Quadratic, Cubic, and Quartic Regression Graphs ............................. 7-5-7 Drawing a Logarithmic Regression Graph ........................................................ 7-5-9 Drawing a Exponential Regression Graph ( y = aeb x) .................................... 7-5-10 Drawing a Exponential Regression Graph ( y = abx) ....................................... 7-5-11 Drawing a Power Regression Graph ( y = axb) ............................................... 7-5-12 Drawing a Sinusoidal Regression Graph ( y = asin(bx + c) + d) .................... 7-5-13 Drawing a Logistic Regression Graph ( y = c

1 + aebx ) ..................................... 7-5-14 Overlaying a Function Graph on a Statistical Graph ....................................... 7-5-15

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7-6 Using the Statistical Graph Window Toolbar ..................................... 7-6-1 7-7 Performing Statistical Calculations .................................................... 7-7-1

Viewing Single-variable Statistical Calculation Results ..................................... 7-7-1 Viewing Paired-variable Statistical Calculation Results .................................... 7-7-2 Viewing Regression Calculation Results ........................................................... 7-7-3 Residual Calculation ......................................................................................... 7-7-3 Copying a Regression Formula to the Graph & Table Application .................... 7-7-4

7-8 Test, Confidence Interval, and Distribution Calculations ................. 7-8-1 7-9 Tests ....................................................................................................... 7-9-1

Test Command List ........................................................................................... 7-9-2 7-10 Confidence Intervals .......................................................................... 7-10-1

Confidence Interval Command List ................................................................. 7-10-2 7-11 Distribution ......................................................................................... 7-11-1

Distribution Command List ...............................................................................7-11-2 7-12 Statistical System Variables .............................................................. 7-12-1

Chapter 8 Using the Geometry Application 8-1 Geometry Application Overview ......................................................... 8-1-1

Starting Up the Geometry Application ............................................................... 8-1-3 Geometry Application Menus and Buttons ........................................................ 8-1-3

8-2 Drawing Figures ................................................................................... 8-2-1 Using the Draw Menu........................................................................................ 8-2-1 Using the Special Shape Submenu .................................................................. 8-2-9 Using the Construct Submenu ........................................................................ 8-2-12 Transformation Using a Matrix or Vector (General Transform) ....................... 8-2-19

8-3 Editing Figures ..................................................................................... 8-3-1 Selecting and Deselecting Figures .................................................................... 8-3-1 Moving and Copying Figures ............................................................................ 8-3-3 Using the Measurement Box ............................................................................. 8-3-4

8-4 Controlling Geometry Window Appearance ...................................... 8-4-1 Configuring View Window Settings ................................................................... 8-4-1 Selecting the Axis Setting .................................................................................. 8-4-1 Toggling Integer Grid Display On and Off ......................................................... 8-4-2 Zooming ............................................................................................................ 8-4-3 Using Pan to Shift the Display Image ................................................................ 8-4-5

8-5 Working with Animations ..................................................................... 8-5-1 Using Animation Commands ............................................................................. 8-5-1

8-6 Using the Geometry Application with Other Applications ................ 8-6-1 Drag and Drop................................................................................................... 8-6-1 Copy and Paste ................................................................................................. 8-6-5 Dynamically Linked Data ................................................................................... 8-6-5

8-7 Managing Geometry Application Files ............................................... 8-7-1 File Operations .................................................................................................. 8-7-1 Folder Operations ............................................................................................. 8-7-4

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Chapter 9 Using the Numeric Solver Application 9-1 Numeric Solver Application Overview ................................................ 9-1-1

Starting Up the Numeric Solver Application ...................................................... 9-1-1 Numeric Solver Application Window ................................................................. 9-1-1 Numeric Solver Menus and Buttons .................................................................. 9-1-1

9-2 Using Numeric Solver .......................................................................... 9-2-1

Chapter 10 Using the eActivity Application 10-1 eActivity Application Overview ......................................................... 10-1-1

Starting Up the eActivity Application ............................................................... 10-1-1 eActivity Application Window........................................................................... 10-1-1 eActivity Application Menus and Buttons ........................................................ 10-1-2 eActivity Application Status Bar ....................................................................... 10-1-4 eActivity Key Operations ................................................................................. 10-1-4

10-2 Creating an eActivity .......................................................................... 10-2-1 Basic Steps for Creating an eActivity .............................................................. 10-2-1 Managing eActivity Files ................................................................................. 10-2-3

10-3 Inserting Data into an eActivity ......................................................... 10-3-1 Inserting a Text Row ........................................................................................ 10-3-1 Inserting a Calculation Row ............................................................................ 10-3-3 Inserting an Application Data Strip .................................................................. 10-3-5 Moving Information Between eActivity and Applications ............................... 10-3-10 Inserting a Geometry Link Row ..................................................................... 10-3-12

10-4 Working with eActivity Files .............................................................. 10-4-1 Opening an Existing eActivity ......................................................................... 10-4-1 Browsing the Contents of an eActivity ............................................................ 10-4-2 Editing the Contents of an eActivity ................................................................ 10-4-2 Expanding an Application Data Strip ............................................................... 10-4-2 Modifying the Data in an Application Data Strip .............................................. 10-4-3 Saving an Edited eActivity ............................................................................... 10-4-3

10-5 Transferring eActivity Files ............................................................... 10-5-1 Transferring eActivity Files between Two ClassPad Units .............................. 10-5-1 Transferring eActivity Files between a ClassPad Unit and a Computer .......... 10-5-2

Chapter 11 Using the Presentation Application 11-1 Presentation Application Overview .................................................. 11-1-1

Starting Up the Presentation Application ......................................................... 11-1-2 Presentation Application Window ..................................................................... 11-1-2 Presentation Application Menus and Buttons .................................................. 11-1-3 Screen Capture Precautions ............................................................................ 11-1-4

11-2 Building a Presentation ..................................................................... 11-2-1 Adding a Blank Page to a Presentation ........................................................... 11-2-2

11-3 Managing Presentation Files ............................................................. 11-3-1 11-4 Playing a Presentation ....................................................................... 11-4-1

Using Auto Play ................................................................................................11-4-1 Using Manual Play ........................................................................................... 11-4-2 Using Repeat Play ........................................................................................... 11-4-3

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11-5 Editing Presentation Pages ............................................................... 11-5-1 About the Editing Tool Palette .......................................................................... 11-5-1 Entering the Editing Mode ................................................................................ 11-5-1 Editing Operations ............................................................................................ 11-5-3 Using the Eraser ..............................................................................................11-5-7

11-6 Configuring Presentation Preferences ............................................. 11-6-1 11-7 Presentation File Transfer Precautions ............................................ 11-7-1

Chapter 12 Using the Program Application 12-1 Program Application Overview ......................................................... 12-1-1

Starting Up the Program Application ............................................................... 12-1-1 Program Loader Window ................................................................................ 12-1-1 Program Editor Window .................................................................................. 12-1-3

12-2 Creating a New Program .................................................................... 12-2-1 General Programming Steps ........................................................................... 12-2-1 Creating and Saving a Program ...................................................................... 12-2-1 Running a Program ......................................................................................... 12-2-5 Pausing Program Execution ........................................................................... 12-2-6 Terminating Program Execution ...................................................................... 12-2-6 Configuring Parameter Variables and Inputting Their Values .......................... 12-2-7 Using Subroutines ........................................................................................... 12-2-8

12-3 Debugging a Program ........................................................................ 12-3-1 Debugging After an Error Message Appears ................................................... 12-3-1 Debugging a Program Following Unexpected Results ................................... 12-3-1 Modifying an Existing Program to Create a New One ..................................... 12-3-2 Searching for Data Inside a Program .............................................................. 12-3-5

12-4 Managing Files .................................................................................... 12-4-1 Renaming a File .............................................................................................. 12-4-1 Deleting a Program ......................................................................................... 12-4-1 Changing the File Type ................................................................................... 12-4-2

12-5 User-defined Functions ..................................................................... 12-5-1 Creating a New User-defined Function ........................................................... 12-5-1 Executing a User-defined Function ................................................................. 12-5-3 Editing a User-defined Function ...................................................................... 12-5-4 Deleting a User-defined Function .................................................................... 12-5-4

12-6 Program Command Reference .......................................................... 12-6-1 Using This Reference ...................................................................................... 12-6-1 Program Application Commands ..................................................................... 12-6-2 Application Command List ............................................................................ 12-6-15

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12-7 Including ClassPad Functions in Programs .................................... 12-7-1 Including Graphing Functions in a Program .................................................... 12-7-1 Using Conics Functions in a Program ............................................................. 12-7-1 Including 3D Graphing Functions in a Program .............................................. 12-7-2 Including Table & Graph Functions in a Program............................................ 12-7-2 Including Recursion Table and Recursion Graph Functions in a Program ...... 12-7-3 Including List Sort Functions in a Program ..................................................... 12-7-3 Including Statistical Graphing and Calculation Functions in a Program.......... 12-7-4

Chapter 13 Using the Spreadsheet Application 13-1 Spreadsheet Application Overview................................................... 13-1-1

Starting Up the Spreadsheet Application ........................................................ 13-1-1 Spreadsheet Window ...................................................................................... 13-1-1

13-2 Spreadsheet Application Menus and Buttons ................................. 13-2-1 13-3 Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations ........................................... 13-3-1

About the Cell Cursor ...................................................................................... 13-3-1 Controlling Cell Cursor Movement .................................................................. 13-3-1 Navigating Around the Spreadsheet Window ................................................. 13-3-2 Hiding or Displaying the Scrollbars ................................................................. 13-3-4 Selecting Cells ................................................................................................ 13-3-5 Using the Cell Viewer Window ........................................................................ 13-3-6

13-4 Editing Cell Contents ......................................................................... 13-4-1 Edit Mode Screen ............................................................................................ 13-4-1 Entering the Edit Mode.................................................................................... 13-4-2 Basic Data Input Steps .................................................................................... 13-4-3 Inputting a Formula ......................................................................................... 13-4-4 Inputting a Cell Reference ............................................................................... 13-4-6 Inputting a Constant ........................................................................................ 13-4-8 Using the Fill Sequence Command................................................................. 13-4-8 Cut and Copy ................................................................................................ 13-4-10 Paste ..............................................................................................................13-4-11 Specifying Text or Calculation as the Data Type for a Particular Cell ........... 13-4-13 Using Drag and Drop to Copy Cell Data within a Spreadsheet .................... 13-4-14 Using Drag and Drop to Obtain Spreadsheet Graph Data ............................ 13-4-16

13-5 Using the Spreadsheet Application with the eActivity Application .......................................................................................... 13-5-1

Drag and Drop................................................................................................. 13-5-1 13-6 Using the Action Menu ....................................................................... 13-6-1

Spreadsheet [Action] Menu Basics ................................................................. 13-6-1 Action Menu Functions .................................................................................... 13-6-4

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13-7 Formatting Cells and Data ................................................................. 13-7-1 Standard (Fractional) and Decimal (Approximate) Modes .............................. 13-7-1 Plain Text and Bold Text .................................................................................. 13-7-1 Text and Calculation Data Types ..................................................................... 13-7-1 Text Alignment ................................................................................................. 13-7-2 Number Format ............................................................................................... 13-7-2 Changing the Width of a Column .................................................................... 13-7-3

13-8 Graphing .............................................................................................. 13-8-1 Graph Menu .................................................................................................... 13-8-1 Graph Window Menus and Toolbar ................................................................. 13-8-8 Basic Graphing Steps ....................................................................................13-8-11 Other Graph Window Operations .................................................................. 13-8-13

Chapter 14 Using the Setup Menu 14-1 Setup Menu Overview ........................................................................ 14-1-1 14-2 Using the Setup Menu ........................................................................ 14-2-1

Specifying a Variable ....................................................................................... 14-2-2 Initializing All Setup Menu Settings ................................................................. 14-2-3

14-3 Setup Menu Settings .......................................................................... 14-3-1 Basic Format Dialog Box ................................................................................. 14-3-1 Graph Format Dialog Box ............................................................................... 14-3-4 3D Format Dialog Box ..................................................................................... 14-3-6 Presentation Dialog Box .................................................................................. 14-3-7 Communication Dialog Box ............................................................................. 14-3-8

Chapter 15 Configuring System Settings 15-1 System Setting Overview ................................................................... 15-1-1

Starting Up the System Application ................................................................. 15-1-1 System Application Window ............................................................................ 15-1-1 System Application Menus and Buttons .......................................................... 15-1-2

15-2 Managing Memory Usage .................................................................. 15-2-1 Memory Usage Sheets .................................................................................... 15-2-1 Deleting Memory Usage Data ......................................................................... 15-2-3

15-3 Using the Reset Dialog Box ............................................................... 15-3-1 15-4 Initializing Your ClassPad .................................................................. 15-4-1 15-5 Adjusting Display Contrast ............................................................... 15-5-1 15-6 Configuring Power Properties ........................................................... 15-6-1

Power Saving Mode ........................................................................................ 15-6-1 Auto Power Off ................................................................................................ 15-6-1 Configuring Power Properties ......................................................................... 15-6-2

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15-7 Specifying the Display Language ..................................................... 15-7-1 15-8 Specifying the Font Set ...................................................................... 15-8-1 15-9 Specifying the Alphabetic Keyboard Arrangement ......................... 15-9-1

15-10 Optimizing Flash ROM .................................................................. 15-10-1 15-11 Specifying the Ending Screen Image ............................................. 15-11-1 15-12 Adjusting Touch Panel Alignment .................................................. 15-12-1 15-13 Viewing Version Information ........................................................... 15-13-1

Chapter 16 Performing Data Communication 16-1 Data Communication Overview ......................................................... 16-1-1

Connectable Devices and Transferable Data ................................................. 16-1-1 Using the ClassPad Communication Application ............................................ 16-1-3

16-2 Connecting the ClassPad to Another Device ................................... 16-2-1 Connecting to Another ClassPad Unit ............................................................. 16-2-1 Connecting to an EA-200 Data Analyzer ........................................................ 16-2-2 Connecting to a Computer (USB) ................................................................... 16-2-3

16-3 Configuring Communication Parameters ........................................ 16-3-1 Wakeup ........................................................................................................... 16-3-2

16-4 Transferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit .................................... 16-4-1 Selecting Data for Transfer ............................................................................. 16-4-3 Sending a Screenshot of the Current Display Contents ................................. 16-4-5 Communication Standby ................................................................................. 16-4-6 Interrupting an Ongoing Data Communication Operation ............................... 16-4-6

Appendix 1 Resetting and Initializing the ClassPad ............................................. -1-1 2 Deleting an Application ....................................................................... -2-1 3 Power Supply ........................................................................................-3-1 4 Number of Digits and Precision ......................................................... -4-1 5 Specifications .......................................................................................-5-1 6 Character Code Table .......................................................................... -6-1 7 System Variable Table ......................................................................... -7-1 8 Command and Function Index ........................................................... -8-1 9 Graph Types and Executable Functions ........................................... -9-1

10 Error Message Table .......................................................................... -10-1

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About This Users Guide This section explains the symbols that are used in this users guide to represent keys, stylus operations, display elements, and other items you encounter while operating your ClassPad.

ClassPad Keypad and Icon Panel

1 Keypad

2 Icon panel

3 Cursor key

1 Keypad

ClassPad keypad keys are represented by illustrations that look like the keys you need to press.

Example 1: Key within text Press the k to show the soft keyboard.

Example 2: A series of key operations

c2+3-4+10E

When you see something like the above, simply press the keys in the indicated sequence, from left to right.

2 Icon panel

An operation that requires tapping an icon on the icon panel is indicated by an illustration of the icon.

Example 1: Tap m to display the application menu.

Example 2: Tap to cancel an ongoing operation.

3 Cursor key

Operation of the cursor key is represented by arrow buttons that indicate which part of the cursor key you need to press: f, c, d, e.

Example 1: Use d or e to move the cursor around the display.

Example 2: dddd

The above example means that you should press d four times.

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On-screen Keys, Menus, and Other Controllers

4 Menu bar

4 Menu bar

Menu names and commands are indicated in text by enclosing them inside of brackets. The following examples show typical menu operations.

Example 1: Tap the O menu and then tap [Keyboard].

5 Toolbar

6 Soft keyboard

Tabs

Example 2: Tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Line].

0-1-2 About This Users Guide

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5 Toolbar

Toolbar button operations are indicated by illustrations that look like the button you need to tap.

Example 1: Tap $ to graph the functions.

Example 2: Tap ( to open the List Editor window.

6 Soft keyboard

Key operations on the soft keyboards that appear when you press the k key are indicated by illustrations that look like the keyboard keys. You can change from one keyboard type to another by tapping one of the tabs along the top of the soft keyboard.

Example 1: baa/gw

Example 2: ) Ngce*fw

Important! If a procedure in this Users Guide requires use of a soft keyboard, press the k key to

display the soft keyboard. The k key operation is not included as one of the procedure steps. For more details about how to input data on the ClassPad, see 1-6 Input.

Page Contents

Three-part page numbers are centered at the top of each page. The page number 1-4-2, for example, indicates Chapter 1, Section 4, page 2.

0-1-3 About This Users Guide

20021201

Starting a Built-in Application Perform the steps below to start a built-in application.

uClassPad Operation

(1) On the icon panel, tap m to display the application menu.

(2) If you cannot see the icon of the application you want on the menu, tap the scroll buttons or drag the scroll bar to bring other icons into view.

(3) Tap an icon to start its application.

Tip You can also start the Main application by tapping M on the icon panel. See 1-3 Using the Icon

Panel for details.

Application Menu Operations

The following describes the various types of operations you can perform while the application menu is on the display.

Starting an application See Starting a Built-in Application above.

Displaying applications according to group (Additional Applications, All Applications) See Using Application Groups on page 1-4-3.

Moving or swapping icons See Moving an Icon on page 1-4-3, and Swapping Two Icons on page 1-4-4.

Deleting an application See Deleting an Application on page -2-1.

Application Menu

Scroll down button

Scrollbar

Scroll up button

408

1-4-2 Built-in Applications

Note Display examples shown in this Users Guide are intended for illustrative purposes only. The actual text and values that appear on display may differ from the examples shown in this Users Guide.

3 24 8

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Getting Acquainted 1-1 General Guide

1-2 Turning Power On and Off 1-3 Using the Icon Panel

1-4 Built-in Applications

1-5 Built-in Application Basic Operations

1-6 Input 1-7 Variables and Folders

1-8 Using the Variable Manager

Chapter 1

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1-1 General Guide

Front

1-1-1 General Guide

Side

Back

1

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General Guide

The numbers next to each of the items below correspond to the numbers in the illustration on page 1-1-1.

Front 1 Touch screen

The touch screen shows calculation formulas, calculation results, graphs and other information. The stylus that comes with the ClassPad can be used to input data and perform other operations by tapping directly on the touch screen.

2 Stylus

This stylus is specially designed for performing touch screen operations. The stylus slips into a holder on the right side of the ClassPad for storage when it is not in use. For more information, see Using the Stylus on page 1-1-4.

3 Icon panel

Tapping an icon executes the function assigned to it. See 1-3 Using the Icon Panel for details.

4o key

Press this key to toggle ClassPad power on and off. See 1-2 Turning Power On and Off for details.

5c key

Pressing this key while inputting data clears all of the data you have input up to that point. For details, see Input Basics on page 1-6-3.

Pressing the c key while a calculation operation is in progress interrupts the calculation. For details, see Pausing and Terminating an Operation on page 1-5-10.

6 Cursor key (fcde)

Use the cursor key to move the text cursor, selection highlighting, and other selection tools around the display.

7k key

Press this key to toggle display of the soft keyboard on and off. For details, see Using the Soft Keyboard on page 1-6-1.

8K key

Pressing this key while inputting numeric, expression, or text data deletes one character to the left of the current cursor position. For details, see Input Basics on page 1-6-3.

Pressing the K key while a calculation operation is in progress pauses the calculation. For details, see Pausing and Terminating an Operation on page 1-5-10.

1-1-2 General Guide

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9 Keypad

Use these keys to input the values and operators marked on them. See 1-6 Input for details.

0E key

Press this key to execute a calculation operation.

Side ! 3-pin data communication port

Connect the data communication cable here to communicate with another ClassPad unit or a CASIO Data Analyzer. See Chapter 16 Performing Data Communication for details.

@ 4-pin mini USB port

Connect the data communication cable here to exchange data with a computer. See Chapter 16 Performing Data Communication for details.

Back # Battery compartment

Holds the four AAA-size batteries that power the ClassPad. For details, see Power Supply on page -3-1.

$ P button

Press this button to reset the ClassPad. For details, see Performing the RAM Reset Operation on page -1-2.

1-1-3 General Guide

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Important! Be sure that you do not misplace or lose the stylus. Keep the stylus in the holder on the

right side of the ClassPad whenever you are not using it. Do not allow the tip of the stylus to become damaged. Using a stylus with a damaged tip to

perform touch screen operations can damage the touch screen. Use only the stylus that comes with your ClassPad or some other similar instrument to

perform touch screen operations. Never use a pen, pencil or other writing instrument, which can damage the touch screen.

Tap

Drag

This is equivalent to clicking with a mouse. To perform a tap operation, tap lightly with the

stylus on the ClassPads touch screen. Tapping is used to display a menu, execute an

on-screen button operation, make a window active, etc.

This is equivalent to dragging with a mouse. To perform a drag operation, hold the tip of

the stylus on the touch screen as you move the stylus to another location.

Dragging is used to change the setting of a slider or some other on-screen controller, to move a formula, etc.

Using the Stylus

Most value and formula input, command executions, and other operations can be performed using the stylus.

kThings you can do with the stylus

1-1-4 General Guide

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1-2 Turning Power On and Off

Turning Power On

You can turn on the ClassPad either by pressing the o key or by tapping the touch screen with the stylus. Turning on the ClassPad (while it is in the sleep state) displays the window that was on the

display when you last turned it off. See Resume Function below. Note that you need to perform a few initial setup operations when you turn on the ClassPad

the first time after purchasing it. For details, see Getting Ready at the beginning of this users guide (page 1).

Turning Power Off

To turn off the ClassPad, hold down the o key for about two seconds, or until the ending screen appears. For details about the ending screen, see 15-11 Specifying the Ending Screen Image.

Important! The ClassPad also has an Auto Power Off feature. This feature automatically turns the ClassPad off when it is idle for a specified amount of time. For details, see Auto Power Off on page 15-6-1. Though the screen of your ClassPad goes blank when you turn it off, it continues to perform certain internal processes for a short while. Because of this, you should always wait for a minute or so after turning off the ClassPad before turning it back on again.

1-2-1 Turning Power On and Off

Resume Function

Any time the ClassPad powers down (because you turn off power or because of Auto Power Off), the Resume function automatically backs up its current operational status and any data in RAM, and the ClassPad enters a sleep state. If you turn ClassPad power back on while it is in the sleep state, the Resume function restores the backed up operational status and RAM data.

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1-2-2 Turning Power On and Off

Limiting the Duration of the Sleep State

You can use the [Power Save Mode] setting (page 15-6-1) to limit the duration of the sleep state that is entered by the Resume function. If you have 1 day specified for [Power Save Mode], for example, the ClassPad remains in the sleep state for one day after power is turned off. After that, the ClassPad powers down completely, which deletes all data that was backed up by the Resume function. The following describes the difference between powering up from the sleep state and powering up after the ClassPad powers down completely.

k Powering Up from the Sleep State Power comes on immediately, with all data backed up by the Resume function restored.

kPowering Up after Complete Power Down 1. Press the o key or tap the ClassPad screen.

This causes the ClassPad to perform it startup routine, which takes a little time to complete.

2. The application menu will appear after you finish the touch panel alignment procedure.

Tip See 15-6 Configuring Power Properties for information about changing the [Power Save Mode]

setting.

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1-3 Using the Icon Panel The icon panel of seven permanent icons is located below the touch screen. Tapping an icon executes the function assigned to it. The table below explains what you can do with the icon panel icons.

Function

When you want to do this: Tap this icon:

Display the [Settings] menu to set up the ClassPad See Using the Settings Menu on page 1-5-8.

Display the application menu See 1-4 Built-in Applications for details.

Start the Main application See Chapter 2 Using the Main Application for details.

Resize the currently active window (when there are two windows displayed) so it fills the entire display, or return to the dual window display again See Using a Dual Window Display on page 1-5-1.

Swap the upper window and lower window (when there are two windows displayed) See Using a Dual Window Display on page 1-5-1.

Capture the currently displayed screen for transfer to a computer or for use with the ClassPads presentation application See Chapter 11 Using the Presentation Application and Chapter 16 Performing Data Communication.

Perform the same operation as a computers ESC key The actual operation performed when this icon is tapped depends on the application you are currently using.

1-3-1 Using the Icon Panel

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To perform this type of operation: Select this icon: See Chapter:

2

10

7

13

3

6

4

5

8

9

11

12

16

15

Access the eActivity function

General calculations, including function calculations Matrix calculations Computer Algebra System

Create a list of data Perform statistical calculations Draw a statistical graph

Input data into a spreadsheet Manipulate spreadsheet data Graph spreadsheet data

Register a function and create a table of solutions by substituting different values for the functions variables

Draw a graph

Perform sequence calculations Solve recursion expressions

Draw the graph of a conics section

Graph the 3D function z = f(x,y)

Draw geometric figures Build animated figures

Obtain the value of any variable in an equation, without transforming or simplifying the equation

Create and run a presentation using ClassPad application window

Register a file name in the programming area Input a program or run a program

Exchange data with another ClassPad, a computer, or another device

Clear the memory Adjust contrast Configure other system settings

1-4 Built-in Applications Tapping m on the icon panel displays the application menu. The table below shows the icon menu names of the built-in applications, and explains what you can do with each application.

1-4-1 Built-in Applications

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Starting a Built-in Application Perform the steps below to start a built-in application.

uClassPad Operation

(1) On the icon panel, tap m to display the application menu.

(2) If you cannot see the icon of the application you want on the menu, tap the scroll buttons or drag the scroll bar to bring other icons into view.

(3) Tap an icon to start its application.

Tip You can also start the Main application by tapping M on the icon panel. See 1-3 Using the Icon

Panel for details.

Application Menu Operations

The following describes the various types of operations you can perform while the application menu is on the display.

Starting an application See Starting a Built-in Application above.

Displaying applications according to group (Additional Applications, All Applications) See Using Application Groups on page 1-4-3.

Moving or swapping icons See Moving an Icon on page 1-4-3, and Swapping Two Icons on page 1-4-4.

Deleting an application See Deleting an Application on page -2-1.

Application Menu

1-4-2 Built-in Applications

Scroll down button

Scrollbar

Scroll up button

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kUsing Application Groups You can use application groups to specify the type of applications that appear on the application menu. To select an application group, tap the box in the upper right of the application menu, and then select the group you want from the list that appears.

To display these icons: Select this application group:

Add-in applications only Additional

All applications All

Tip Nothing appears on the application menu if you select the Additional group while there are no

add-in applications installed on the ClassPad.

kMoving an Icon You can use the procedure below to move an icon to a different location on the application menu.

1-4-3 Built-in Applications

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uClassPad Operation

(1) On the icon panel, tap m to display the application menu.

(2) Tap s to display the [Settings] menu.

(3) Tap [Move Icon].

(4) Tap the icon you want to move (J in this example).

This selects the icon.

(5) Tap the icon that you want the first icon to follow (C in this example).

This moves the icon.

kSwapping Two Icons Perform the following steps to swap two icons on the application menu.

uClassPad Operation

(1) On the icon panel, tap m to display the application menu.

(2) Tap s to display the [Settings] menu.

(3) Tap [Swap Icon].

(4) Tap one of the icons.

This selects the icon.

(5) Tap the other icon (the one you want to swap with).

This swaps the icons.

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1-5 Built-in Application Basic Operations This section explains basic information and operations that are common to all of the built-in applications.

Application Window

The following shows the basic configuration of a built-in application window.

Using a Dual Window Display

Many applications split the display between an upper window and a lower window, each of which shows different information. The sample screenshot below is from the Conics application, which uses the upper window for input of expressions, and the lower window for graphing.

1-5-1 Built-in Application Basic Operations

Application window

} Menu bar } Toolbar

} Status bar

Soft keyboard (page 1-6-1)

Upper window

Lower window

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When using two windows, the currently selected window (the one where you can perform operations) is called the active window. The menu bar, toolbar, and status bar contents are all applicable to the active window. The active window is indicated by a thick boundary around it.

u To switch the active window

While a dual window is on the display, tap anywhere inside the window that does not have a thick boundary around it to make it the active window.

Note that you cannot switch the active window while an operation is being performed in the current active window.

u To resize the active window so it fills the display

While a dual window is on the display, tap r. This causes the active window to fill the display. To return to the dual window display, tap r again.

u To swap the upper and lower windows

While a dual window is on the display, tap S. This causes the upper window to become the lower window, and vice versa. Swapping windows does not have any affect on their active status. If the upper window is active when you tap S for example, the window will remain active after it becomes the lower window.

Using the Menu Bar

The menu bar appears along the top of the window of each application. It shows the menus that you can access for the currently active window.

Tapping the menu bar menu displays its commands, options, and settings from which you can choose the one you want. Some menu items have a single selection as shown in Example 1, below, while other menu items display a submenu of selections from which you can choose as shown in Example 2.

1-5-2 Built-in Application Basic Operations

} Menu bar

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Example 1: Choosing the [Edit] menus [Copy] item

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap [Edit]. (2) Tap [Copy].

Example 2: Choosing [lim], which is on the [Calculation] submenu of the [Action] menu.

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap [Action]. (2) Tap [Calculation].

This displays the contents of the This displays the contents of the [Action] menu. [Calculation] submenu.

(3) Tap [lim].

1-5-3 Built-in Application Basic Operations

This displays the contents of the This performs a copy operation. [Edit] menu.

This inputs lim(.

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Using the O Menu

The O menu appears at the top left of the window of each application, except for the System application.

kO Menu Items

The following describes all of the items that appear on the O menu.

1 Tapping [Settings] displays the [Setup] submenu, which you can use to configure ClassPad settings. For more information, see Using the Settings Menu on page 1-5-8.

2 Tap [Keyboard] to toggle display of the soft keyboard on and off.

3 This area shows a list of all of the windows that can be accessed from the current application (Graph & Table application in this example). Tapping a menu selection displays the corresponding window and makes it active. For details, see Using the O Menu to Access Windows on page 1-5-5.

4 Tapping [Close] closes the currently active window, except in the following cases.

When only one window is on the display

When the currently active window cannot be closed by the application being used

You cannot, for example, close the Graph Editor window from the Graph & Table application.

1-5-4 Built-in Application Basic Operations

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k Using the O Menu to Access Windows

Most ClassPad applications support simultaneous display of two windows. When two windows are on the display, the one with a thick selection boundary around it is the active window. The displayed menu and toolbar are the ones for the currently active window. You can use the O menu to change the active window and to display the window you want.

u Window Selection Example (Graph & Table)

(1) Graph window is active.

e e

(2) Tap O and then [Graph Editor].

(3) Graph Editor window becomes active.

e e

1-5-5 Built-in Application Basic Operations

(4) Tap O and then [List Editor].

(5) List Editor window appears and becomes active.

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1-5-6 Built-in Application Basic Operations

Using Check Boxes

A check box shows the current status of a dialog box option that can be turned on or off. An option is turned on (selected) when its check box has a check mark inside it. An option is turned off when a check box is cleared. Tapping a check box toggles the option on (checked) and off (cleared).

Check boxes also appear on menus. Menu check boxes operate the same way as dialog box check boxes.

Option turned offOption turned on

Option turned on Option turned off

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1-5-7 Built-in Application Basic Operations

Using Option Buttons

Option buttons are used on dialog boxes that present you with a list of options from which you can select only one. A black option button indicates the currently selected option, while the buttons of the options that are not selected are white.

Option buttons also appear on menus. Menu option buttons operate the same way as dialog box option buttons.

Tap Franais. This selects Franais and deselects English.

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Using the Settings Menu

You can access the [Settings] menu by tapping s on the icon panel, or by tapping the menu bars O menu and then selecting the [Settings] submenu. The [Settings] menu contains a number of basic preferences that are applied globally to all of the ClassPads built-in applications. The table below shows all of the submenus and commands that are included on the [Settings] menu.

Submenus/Menu Items Description Basic Format Graph Format 3D Format Presentation

Setup Communication

Full Screen

Half Screen

Swap Screen

Default Screen State

Default Setup

View Window

Variable Manager

Window Form

Displays a dialog box for configuring the corresponding setup settings. See 14-3 Setup Menu Settings for details.

Returns all settings to their initial defaults (except for the current folder setting). See 14-3 Setup Menu Settings for details. Displays a dialog box for configuring the display range and other graph settings. For details, see the explanations for the various applications with graphing capabilities (Graph & Table, Conics, 3D Graph, Statistics, etc.)

Resizes the currently active window, when a dual window is on the display, to fill the entire display.

Switches the display to a dual window with two windows, when a single window fills the entire screen, in an application that supports dual window.

Switches the windows, when a dual window is on the display, to make the upper window the lower window, and vice versa. This item performs the

same function as the icon panels icon.

Returns the window display status to the initial default for the current application.

Starts up the Variable Manager. See 1-8 Using the Variable Manager for details.

1-5-8 Built-in Application Basic Operations

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Using the Toolbar

The toolbar is located directly underneath the menu bar of an application window. It contains the buttons for the currently active window.

kToggling between Multiple Toolbars With some applications, not all of the buttons can fit on a single toolbar. When this happens, the buttons that cannot fit are placed onto a second toolbar. When there are two toolbars, each of them has an arrow button on the far right. Toolbar 1 has a u button while toolbar 2 has a t button. Tapping an arrow button toggles between the two toolbars.

1-5-9 Built-in Application Basic Operations

} Toolbar

List of options

Tap here to toggle

kToolbar Buttons Normally, you tap a button to execute the command assigned to it. Some buttons, however, have a down arrow v next to them. Tapping the arrow displays a list of options from which you can select.

Tip The explanations in this manual make no distinction between toolbar 1 and toolbar 2.

Even if a button is located on toolbar 2 (like the button in the above example) you will be instructed simply to tap .

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Interpreting Status Bar Information

The status bar appears along the bottom of the window of each application.

1 Information about current application

2 Battery level indicator

....................... full

....................... medium

....................... low

3 This indicator flashes between and while an operation is being performed. appears here to indicate when an operation is paused.

Important! Be sure to replace batteries as soon as possible whenever the battery level indicator

shows (medium). Replace batteries immediately whenever the battery level indicator shows (low). At

this level, you will not be able to perform data communication or other functions. The following message indicates that batteries are about to die. Replace batteries

immediately whenever this message appears.

Batteries are extremely low! Replace batteries immediately!

See page -3-2 for details about replacing batteries.

Pausing and Terminating an Operation

Many of the built-in applications provide operations to pause and terminate (break) expression processing, graphing, and other operations.

kPausing an Operation Pressing the K key while an expression processing, graphing, or other operation is being performed pauses the operation. Pressing K again resumes the operation.

1-5-10 Built-in Application Basic Operations

Status bar

1 2 3

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Break dialog box

1-5-11 Built-in Application Basic Operations

Example: To pause a graphing operation and then resume it

uClassPad Operation (1) Use the Graph & Table application to draw a graph.

For details about graphing, see Chapter 3 Using the Graph & Table Application.

(2) While the graph is being drawn, press the K key.

This pauses the draw operation and displays on the right side of the status bar.

(3) To resume the operation, press the K key again.

This resumes the draw operation, which continues until the graph is complete.

kTerminating an Operation (Break) Pressing the c key while an expression processing, graphing, or other operation is being performed terminates the operation.

Example: To terminate a graphing operation

uClassPad Operation (1) Use the Graph & Table application to draw a graph.

For details about graphing, see Chapter 3 Using the Graph & Table Application.

(2) While the graph is being drawn, press the c key.

This terminates the draw operation and displays the Break dialog box, indicating the Break state.

Draw is paused at the point where K is pressed.

(3) To exit the Break state, tap the [OK] button.

This returns the ClassPad to its status before you started the graphing operation.

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1-6 Input You can input data on the ClassPad using its keypad or by using the on-screen soft keyboard. Virtually all data input required by your ClassPad can be performed using the soft keyboard. The keypad keys are used for input of frequently used data like numbers, arithmetic operators, etc.

Using the Soft Keyboard

The soft keyboard is displayed in the lower part of the touch screen. A variety of different special-purpose soft keyboard styles help to take much of the work out of data input.

u To display the soft keyboard

When the soft keyboard is not on the touch screen, press the k key, or tap the O menu and then tap [Keyboard]. This causes the soft keyboard to appear.

1-6-1 Input

Pressing the k key again hides the soft keyboard. The icon panels r and S icons are disabled while the soft keyboard is on the display.

For details about r and S, see Using a Dual Window Display on page 1-5-1.

The soft keyboard appears.

Press k.

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kSoft Keyboard Styles There are four different soft keyboard styles as described below.

Math (mth) Keyboard

Pressing k will display the keyboard that you last displayed while working in that application. If you quit the application and go into another application, then the 9 (default) soft keyboard appears. You can use the math (mth) keyboard to input values, variables, and expressions. Tap each lower button to see additional characters, for example tap [CALC]. For more information, see Using the Math (mth) Keyboard on page 1-6-8.

Alphabet (abc) Keyboard

Use this keyboard to input alphabetic characters, Greek characters, and other characters, as well as logical symbols and other numeric symbols. Tap one of the buttons along the bottom of the keyboard to see additional characters, for example, tap [MATH]. For more information, see Using the Alphabet (abc) Keyboard on page 1-6-10.

Catalog (cat) Keyboard

This keyboard provides a scrollable list that can be used to input built-in functions, built-in commands, system variables, and user-defined functions. Tap a command to select it and then tap it again to insert it. Selecting an item from the Form list changes the available commands. For more information, see Using the Catalog (cat) Keyboard on page 1-6-13.

2D Keyboard

This keyboard displays various templates for natural input of fractions, exponential values, matrices, differential and integral calculus expressions, etc. Note that natural input is available in most ClassPad applications. Natural input cannot be used in the geometry measurement box or when entering data into a list. For more information, see Using the 2D Keyboard on page 1-6-15.

Tip 2D math symbols are easy to use. Just tap the image of the symbol you would like to use and it

will appear in your application. 2D math symbols can be used in most applications.

1-6-2 Input

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kSelecting a Soft Keyboard Style Tap one of the tabs along the top of the soft keyboard (9, 0, (, or )) to select the keyboard style you want.

1-6-3 Input

To display the 2D keyboard

Tap here.

Input Basics

This section includes a number of examples that illustrate how to perform basic input procedures. All of the procedures assume the following.

The Main application is running. For details, see Starting a Built-in Application on page 1-4-2.

The soft keyboard is displayed. For details, see Using the Soft Keyboard on page 1-6-1.

k Inputting a Calculation Expression You can input a calculation expression just as it is written, and press the E key to execute it. The ClassPad automatically determines the priority sequence of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and parenthetical expressions.

Before starting any calculation, be sure to clear the ClassPad by pressing c. See Chapter 2 for more information about inputting expressions.

Use the z or - key to input the minus sign before a negative value.

Example 1: To simplify 2 + 3 4 + 10

uClassPad Operation Using the keypad keys

cz2+3-4+10E

Using the soft keyboard Tap the keys of the math (mth) keyboard or the 2D keyboard to input the calculation expression.

c9-c+d-e+baw

When the soft keyboard is not on the touch screen, press the k key, or tap the O menu and then tap [Keyboard]. This causes the soft keyboard to appear on the display.

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1-6-4 Input

Example 2: To simplify 2 (5 + 4) (23 5)

uClassPad Operation Using the keypad keys

c2(5+4)/(23*5)E

Using the soft keyboard Tap the keys of the math (mth) keyboard or the 2D keyboard to input the calculation expression.

c9 (or )) c(f+e)/(cd*f)w

Tip As shown in Example 1 and Example 2, you can input simple arithmetic calculations using either

the keypad keys or the soft keyboard. Input using the soft keyboard is required to input higher level calculation expressions, functions, variables, etc.

kEditing Input The following are the different techniques you can use to edit your input.

u To change something right after you input it When the cursor is located at the end of your input, press K to delete the character or operator you want to edit.

Example: To change the expression 369 3 to 369 2

(1)c369*3

(2)K

(3)2

Tip Or, drag your stylus across 3 to select it and input 2.

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u To delete an unneeded key operation Use dand e to move the cursor to the location immediately to the right of the key operation you want to delete, and then press K. Each press of K deletes one command to the left of the cursor.

Example: To change the expression 369 2 to 369 2

(1)c369**2

(2)dK

Tip You can move the cursor without using the cursor key by tapping at the destination with the

stylus. This causes the cursor to jump to the location where you tap.

u To correct a calculation expression Use d and e to move the cursor to the location immediately to the right of the location you want to correct, and then press K.

Example: To correct cos(60) so it becomes sin(60)

(1) Use the mathematics (mth) keyboard to input cos(60).

c9Tcga)

(2) Move the cursor to the location immediately to the right of cos(.

ddd

(3) Delete cos(.

KKKK

(4) Input sin(.

s

(5) Tap I to return to the initial math (mth) key set. See Using the Math (mth) Keyboard on page 1-6-8 for details.

Tip Or, drag your stylus across cos( to select it and input sin(.

After you make all of the changes you want, press E to calculate the result. To continue inputting the calculation, press e to move the cursor to the end of the calculation, and input what you want.

1-6-5 Input

Tapping the T key causes it to change to I and displays a key set for inputting trigonometric functions.

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u To insert new input into the middle of an existing calculation expression Use d or e to move the cursor to the location where you want to insert new input, and then input what you want.

Example: To change 2.362 to sin(2.362)

(1)c9c.dgx

(2)dddddd

(3)Ts

Tip You can move the cursor without using the cursor key by tapping at the destination with the

stylus. This causes the cursor to jump to the location where you tap.

u To replace a range of input with new input After you drag the stylus across the range of input that you want to replace, enter the new input.

Example: To replace the 234 of 1234567 with 0.

(1) Input 1234567. c1234567

(2) Drag the stylus across 234 to select it.

(3) Input 0. 0

Tip You can perform d and K key operations by pressing the corresponding keypad key or soft

key.

1-6-6 Input

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kUsing the Clipboard for Copy and Paste You can copy (or cut) a function, command, or other input to the ClassPads clipboard, and then paste the clipboard contents at another location.

u To copy characters (1) Drag the stylus across the characters you

want to copy to select them.

(2) On the soft keyboard, tap G.

This puts a copy of the selected characters onto the clipboard.

1-6-7 Input

The selected characters are not changed when you copy them.

Tip You can also copy characters by tapping the [Edit] menu and then tap [Copy].

u To cut characters (1) Drag the stylus across the characters you want to

cut to select them.

(2) On the soft keyboard, tap .

This moves the selected characters onto the clipboard.

Tip Performing a copy or cut operation causes the clipboard contents to be replaced by the newly

copied or cut characters. You can also cut characters by tapping the [Edit] menu and then tap [Cut].

u To paste the clipboard contents (1) Move the cursor to the location where you want to

paste the clipboard contents.

(2) On the soft keyboard, tap H.

This pastes the clipboard contents at the current cursor location.

Tip The clipboard contents remain on the clipboard after you paste them. This means you can paste

the current contents as many times as you like. You can also paste the clipboard contents by tapping the [Edit] menu and then tap [Paste].

Cutting causes the original characters to be deleted.

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1-6-8 Input

u Copying and pasting in the message box

The message box is a 1-line input and display area under the Graph window (see Chapter 3).

You can use the two buttons to the right of the message box to copy the message box contents (G button), or to paste the clipboard contents to the message box (H button). Copy and paste are performed the same way as the copy and paste operations using the soft keyboard.

Advanced Soft Keyboard Operations

As explained in Using the Soft Keyboard on page 1-6-1, there are four soft keyboard types: the math (mth) keyboard, the alphabet (abc) keyboard, the catalog (cat) keyboard, and the 2D math (2D) keyboard. This section provides more detailed information about soft keyboard operations and the various key sets available with each soft keyboard. All of the explanations in this section start from the initial key set of each keyboard.

kUsing the Math (mth) Keyboard The math (mth) keyboard is for inputting calculation expressions and numeric expressions. In addition to the initial math (mth) key set, you can also select from among four other key sets named T (trigonometry), - (calculus), K (option), and V (variable).

u Initial math (mth) keyboard key set

If you stay in the same application, the keyboard that you used last will appear when you press the k key.

Message box

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1-6-9 Input

uT key set

Tapping the T key displays keys for inputting trigonometric functions, and changes the T softkey to I. You can tap this key to toggle between T and the default 9 keyboard. Tapping the = (hyperbolic) key switches to a key set for inputting hyperbolic functions. Tap the = key again to return to the regular T key set.

=

Tip Tapping the key inputs the solve function, while tapping the key inputs the dSolve

function. See page 2-7-39 for information about these functions.

For information about each of functions or symbols, see 2-4 Function Calculations.

uK key set

Tapping the K key displays keys for inputting <, , and other special operators, and changes the K softkey to I. You can tap this key to toggle between K and the default 9 keyboard.

u- key set

Tapping the - key displays keys for inputting differential and integral calculus expressions, permutations, etc., and changes the - softkey to I. You can tap this key to toggle between - and the default 9 keyboard.

Tip Tapping the key inputs the rSolve function. See page 2-7-40 for information about this

function.

For information about each of the functions and symbols, see 2-4 Function Calculations.

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1-6-10 Input

Tip As its name suggests, a single-character variable is a variable name that consists of a single

character like a or x. Each character you input on the V keyboard is treated as a single- character variable. To input multiple-character variable names like ab or multiple-character strings, you must use the alphabet (abc) keyboard. For more information, see Using Single- character Variables on page 1-6-12.

For information about the D key that appears in the lower right of all of the math (mth) keyboard key sets, see Using the Answer Variable (ans) on page 2-2-2.

kUsing the Alphabet (abc) Keyboard In addition of the initial alphabet (abc) key set, you can also select from among three other key sets, within alphabet (abc), named M (character symbols), n (mathematics symbols), and S (extra symbols).

u Initial alphabet (abc) keyboard key set

This keyboard is for inputting lower-case alphabetic characters. Tap L to shift the keyboard or E to caps lock the keyboard when you want to input upper-case characters.

uV key set

Tapping the V key displays keys for inputting single-character variables, and changes the V softkey to I. You can tap this key to toggle between V and the default 9 keyboard. Tapping the E key switches to a key set for inputting upper-case single- character variables.

E

Note that the initial alphabet (abc) keyboard uses the qwerty key arrangement, which is similar to a computer keyboard. You can also change to an azerty or qwertz arrangement. See 15-9 Specifying the Alphabetic Keyboard Arrangement.

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Tap I to return to the initial alphabet (abc) key set.

uS key set

Use this key set to input punctuation and symbols. Tap the J and K buttons to scroll to additional keys.

1-6-11 Input

Tap I to return to the initial alphabet (abc) key set.

un key set

This key set contains some of the mathematical expression symbols that are also available on the math (mth) keyboard. Tap the J and K buttons to scroll to additional keys.

uM key set

Use the M key set to input Greek characters, Cyrillic characters, and accented characters. Tap the J and K buttons to scroll to additional keys. Tapping E caps locks the keyboard for input of upper-case characters.

Tap I to return to the initial alphabet (abc) key set.

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1-6-12 Input

kUsing Single-character Variables As its name suggests, a single-character variable is a variable name that consists of a single character like a or x. Input of single-character variable names is subject to different rules than input of a series of multiple characters (like abc).

u To input a single-character variable name Any character you input using any one of the following techniques is always treated as a single-character variable.

Tapping any key in the math (mth) keyboards V key set (page 1-6-10) Tapping any key in the 2D keyboards V key set (page 1-6-15) Tapping the X, Y, Z or [ key to the left of the 9 key of the math (mth) keyboard or

2D keyboard Pressing the x, y, or Z keypad key

If you use the above key operations to input a series of characters, each one is treated as a single-character variable. Inputting A, B, C, for example, is treated as the mathematical expression a b c, and not as the characters abc.

Tip The single-character variables described above make it possible for you to perform calculations

as they are written in your textbook.

Example 1: 9VABCw

Example 2: 2xyE

Tip When you input a single-character variable, its name appears on the display as an italicized bold

character. This is simply to let you know that the letter is a single-character variable name.

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u To input a series of multiple characters A series of multiple characters (like list1) can be used for variable names, program commands, comment text, etc. Always use the alphabet (abc) keyboard when you want to input a series of characters.

Example: 0abcw

You can also use the alphabet (abc) keyboard to input single-character variable names. To do so, simply input a single character, or follow a single character with a mathematical operator.

Example: 0a*b+cw

Tip A single-character variable you input using the alphabet (abc) keyboard is identical to a single-

character variable you input using the math (mth) keyboard.

kUsing the Catalog (cat) Keyboard The Form menu of the catalog keyboard lets you select one of the following five categories: [Func] (built-in functions on pages 2-4-2 and 2-7-1), [Cmd] (built-in commands and operators on pages 1-7-4 and 12-6-1), [Sys] (system variables on page -7-1), [User] (user-defined functions on page 12-5-1), and [All] (all commands, functions, etc.). After selecting a category, you can choose the item you want from the alphabetized list that appears on the catalog (cat) keyboard.

Tip Note that user-defined variables and user-defined programs cannot be input using the catalog

(cat) keyboard. Use the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1) instead. A user-defined function must be stored in the library folder to appear in the catalog (cat)

keyboard list when the [User] category is selected.

1-6-13 Input

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u Catalog (cat) keyboard configuration

1-6-14 Input

This is an alphabetized list of commands, functions, and other items available in the category currently selected with Form.

Tap the down button and then select the category you want ([Func], [Cmd], [Sys], [User], or [All]) from the list that appears.

Tapping a letter button displays the commands, functions, or other items that begin with that letter.

Tap this key to input the item that is currently selected in the alphabetized list.

u To use the catalog (cat) keyboard

Example: To input the built-in Plot command

(1) Tap ( to display the catalog (cat) keyboard.

(2) Tap the Form down arrow button v and then select [Cmd] from the list of categories that appears.

(3) Tap the u button in the lower right corner until the P key is visible.

(4) Tap P.

(5) In the alphabetized list, tap Plot.

(6) Tap [INPUT] to input the command.

Tip Instead of tapping [INPUT] in step (6), you could also tap the command you selected in step (5) a

second time to input the command.

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1-6-15 Input

kUsing the 2D Keyboard The 2D keyboard provides you with a number of templates that let you input fractions, exponential values, nth roots, matrices, differentials, integrals, and other complex expressions as they are written. It also includes a V key set that you can use to input single-character variables like the ones you can input with the math (mth) keyboard.

u Initial 2D keyboard key set

This key set lets you input mathematical expressions as they are written. Tap the J and K keys to scroll between the menus of available templates.

K J

uV key set

Tapping the V key displays keys for inputting single-character variables, and changes the V softkey to I. You can tap this key to toggle between V and the initial 2D keyboard. Tapping the E key switches to a key set for inputting upper-case single-character variables.

E

Tip As its name suggests, a single-character variable is a variable name that consists of a single

character like a or x. Each character you input on the V keyboard is treated as a single- character variable. You cannot use the V keyboard to input multiple-character variable names like ab or multiple-character strings. You must use the alphabet (abc) keyboard when you want to input a multiple-character string. For more information, see Using Single-character Variables on page 1-6-12.

For information about the D key that appears in the lower right of all of the 2D keyboard key sets, see Using the Answer Variable (ans) on page 2-2-2.

Note that natural input is available in most applications of the ClassPad. Natural input cannot be used in the geometry measurement box or when entering data into a list.

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1-6-16 Input

u To use the initial 2D key set for natural input

Example 1: To input +

(1) On the application menu, tap J to start the Main application.

(2) Press the c key.

(3) Press the k key, and then tap ) to display the 2D keyboard.

(4) Tap N and then tap b to input the numerator.

(5) Tap the input box of the denominator to move the cursor there, or press c and then tap f.

(6) Press e to move the cursor to the right side of 1/5. Instead of using e to move the cursor, you could

also tap with the stylus at the cursor destination.

(7) Tap +.

(8) Tap N, and then repeat steps (4) through (6) to input 3/7.

(9) After everything is the way you want, press E.

Tip If you want your ClassPad to evaluate a calculation expression and display a result in the

eActivity application, you must input the calculation in a calculation row. See Inserting a Calculation Row on page 10-3-3.

Example 2: To input

(1) Tap ) to display the 2D keyboard and then tap K.

(2) Tap .

(3) In the input box below , input k=1. Vkeb

(4) Tap with the stylus to move the cursor to the other input locations and input the required information.

In the input box above , tap L.

1 5

3 7

Initially, the cursor appears here.

k = 1

n k2

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1-6-17 Input

1

0 (1 x2) ex dx

Initially, the cursor appears in the input box to the right of .

(5) Input the part of the expression that comes to the right of .

kIJ c

(6) After everything is the way you want, press E.

Example 3: To input

(1) Tap ) to display the 2D keyboard and then tap K.

(2) Tap P.

(3) Input the part of the expression that comes to the right of . (b-XJ ce) QXeeX

Or you can use 2D math symbols to enter the expression.

(4) Tap with the stylus to move the cursor to the other input locations to enter the limits of integration.

In the input box above , tap b.

In the input box below , tap a.

(5) After everything is the way you want, press E.

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1-7-1 Variables and Folders

1-7 Variables and Folders Your ClassPad lets you register text strings as variables. You can then use a variable to store a value, expression, string, list, matrix, etc. A variable can be recalled by a calculation to access its contents. Variables are stored in folders. In addition to the default folders that are provided automatically, you can also create your own user folders. You can create user folders as required to group variables by type or any other criteria.

Folder Types

Your ClassPad stores variables in one of four types of folders described below.

Tip You cannot put a folder inside of another folder.

You can view the contents of a folder, other than system, using the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1). Note, however, that you cannot open the system folder for viewing.

The system folder contents are listed within the ( page of the keyboard when Sys is selected for Form.

Folder Type Description

system Folder

library Folder

main Folder

User Folder

This is one of the ClassPads reserved folders, which is provided by default. It is used for storage of system variables, which are pre- defined variables used by ClassPad applications and other system operations. Some examples of system variables are list1 through list6, View Window parameters xmin and xmax, etc. A system variable can be accessed by any application simply by specifying the applicable variable name.

Also a ClassPad reserved folder, the library folder can be used for storing user-created variables. Variables stored in the library folder can be accessed without specifying a path, regardless of the current folder setting (see next page).

The main folder is also a ClassPad reserved folder, and acts as the default current folder. While the main folder is the current folder, all variables created by ClassPad application operations are stored here when you do not specify a path for variable storage.

This is a folder created and named by you. You can make a user folder the current folder, move variables to a user folder, etc. You can also delete and rename a user folder as required. You can have up to 87 user folders in ClassPad memory at one time.

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kCurrent Folder The current folder is the folder where the variables created by applications (excluding eActivity) are stored and from which such variables can be accessed. The initial default current folder is the main folder. You can also select a user folder you created as the current folder. For more information about how to do this, see Specifying the Current Folder on page 1-8-3.

Variable Types

ClassPad variables can be broadly grouped into three types: general variables, system variables, and local variables.

1-7-2 Variables and Folders

Variable Type Description

General Variables

System Variables

Local Variables

A general variable is one you create using any name you want. Unless you specify otherwise when you are creating it, a general variable is stored in the current folder. You can use the same name for multiple variables, as long as each of them is stored in a different folder. General variables can be deleted, renamed, etc.

System variables are pre-defined reserved variables used by ClassPad applications and other system operations. They are stored in the system folder. System variables can be accessed without specifying the folder name, and can even be accessed from another folder. Since system variable names are reserved words, they cannot be renamed. Whether you are allowed to delete or change the contents of a system variable depends on each variable. For the names of and detailed information about system variables, see the System Variable Table on page -7-1.

A local variable is a variable that is temporarily created by a defining function, program, or other operation for a particular purpose. A local variable is deleted automatically when execution of the program or user-defined function that created it is complete. You can create a local variable by including the Local command in a program. Any variable specified as the argument of a program or a user-defined function is automatically treated as a local variable.

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kVariable Data Types ClassPad variables support a number of data types. The type of data assigned to a variable is indicated by a data type name. Data type names are shown on the Variable Manager variable list, and on the Select Data dialog box that appears when you are specifying a variable in any ClassPad application or using the [Setup] menu (page 14-2-1). The following table lists all of the variable data type names and explains the meaning of each.

1-7-3 Variables and Folders

* Protected variable types

Some data types are protected. A variable whose data type is protected cannot be overwritten with another variable, which protects variable contents from being inadvertently altered. Data types whose names are marked with an asterisk in the above table are protected.

Tip Note that whether or not a data type is protected is determined by the system. You cannot

change the protect status of a data type.

Even when a variable is a protected data type, you can rename, delete, or move it. To disable these operations, you need to lock the variable. For more information, see Locking a Variable or Folder on page 1-7-10.

The elements of the LIST data type can contain EXPR or STR type data only. The elements of the MAT data type can contain EXPR type data only.

Data Type Name Data Type Real number, complex number or expression data String data

List data created using the Statistics application, Main application, etc. Matrix data created using the Main application, etc.

General program

User-defined function

Text data

Geometry application data

General-purpose data

Data other than that described above

Image data ClassPad image data includes graph image data saved using the

Store function, and image data captured using the Presentation application.

Graph memory data saved using the Graph & Table application For more information, see Saving Graph Editor Data to Graph Memory on page 3-3-9.

Edit prohibited program

EXPR STR LIST MAT

PRGM* EXE*

FUNC*

GEO*

MEM*

OTHR

PICT*

GMEM*

TEXT*

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Creating a Folder

You can have up to 87 user folders in memory at the same time. This section explains how to create a user folder and explains the rules that cover folder names. You can create a folder using either the Variable Manager or the NewFolder command.

kCreating a folder using the Variable Manager On the Variable Manager window, tap [Edit] and then [Create Folder]. For more information, see 1-8 Using the Variable Manager.

kCreating a folder using the NewFolder command In the Main application or in a program, execute the NewFolder command.

Example: To create a new folder named Test

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap m to display the application menu, and then tap J to start the Main application.

(2) Display the catalog (cat) keyboard, and then input the NewFolder command.

a. In the [Form] menu, select [Cmd].

b. Tap u and the [N] to display the first command that starts with the letter N.

c. In the command list, tap NewFolder to select it.

d. Tap [INPUT].

1-7-4 Variables and Folders

(3) Following the NewFolder command you just input, enter Test.

0L T e s t

NewFolder command

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(4) Tap w to execute the command.

The message done appears on the display to let you know that command execution is complete.

1-7-5 Variables and Folders

Tip You can use the Variable Manager to view the contents of a folder you create. For more

information, see 1-8 Using the Variable Manager.

For information about commands you can use to perform folder operations, see 12-6 Program Command Reference.

kFolder Name Rules The following are the rules that apply to folder names.

Folder names can be up to 8 bytes long.

The following characters are allowed in a folder name. Upper-case and lower-case unaccented characters (character codes 65 to 90, 97 to 122) Upper-case and lower-case accented characters (character codes 257 to 416, 513 to 672) Subscript characters (character codes 480 to 491, 496 to 512, 737 to 746, 752 to 766) Numbers (character codes 48 to 57) Underscore (character code 95)

Folder names are case-sensitive. For example, each of the following is treated as a different folder name: abc, Abc, aBc, ABC.

A reserved word (system variable names, built-in function names, command names, etc.) cannot be used as a folder name.

A number, subscript characters or the underscore (_) cannot be used as the first character of a folder name.

Creating and Using Variables

This section explains how to create a new variable (general variable), and provides a simple sample calculation that illustrates how to use a variable.

kVariable Name Rules The rules for naming variables are identical to those that cover folder names. For more information, see Folder Name Rules above.

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kSingle-character Variable Precautions Your ClassPad supports the use of single-character variables, which are variables whose names consist of a single character like a or x. Some ClassPad keys (x, y, Z keypad keys, math (mth) soft keyboard X, Y, Z, [ keys, V key set keys, etc.) are dedicated single-character variable name input keys. You cannot use such a key to input a variable name that has more than one character. For example, pressing the keypad keys x and y in succession is interpreted by the ClassPad as the multiplication expression x y, and not as the characters xy. In order to input a variable name made up of two or more characters, use the alphabet (abc) keyboard. For more information, see Using Single-character Variables on page 1-6-12.

kCreating a New Variable The most common way to create a new variable is assigning a value or expression to the applicable variable name. Use the variable assignment key (W ) to assign data to a variable.

1-7-6 Variables and Folders

The following is an example of assignment to a variable while main is specified as the current folder.

Example: To create a new variable named eq1 and assign the expression 2x + 1 to it The following assumes that there are no variables named eq1 or x currently in the main folder.

uClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap J to start the Main application.

(2) Press k to display the soft keyboard, and then perform the following key operation.

9cX+bW 0eqbw

This creates a variable named eq1 in the current folder (the main folder in this example), and assigns the expression 2x + 1 to it.

Assign key This key is included on the math (mth) and 2D soft keyboards.

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1-7-7 Variables and Folders

Tip As shown in the above example, assigning something to a variable with a name that does not yet

exist in the current folder causes a new variable with that name to be created. If a variable with the specified name already exists in the current folder, the contents of the existing variable are replaced with the newly assigned data, unless the existing variable is protected. For more information about protected variables, see Protected variable types on page 1-7-3.

To store the newly created variable in a folder other than the current folder, specify the variable name as follows: \ .

You can use the Variable Manager to view the contents of a variable you create. For more information, see 1-8 Using the Variable Manager.

kVariable Usage Example The following example uses the variable we created in the example under Creating a New Variable above.

Example: To copy the variable eq1 and then paste it into the following two equations: eq1 + x 2 and eq1 2

uClassPad Operation (1) First, check the current contents of variable eq1.

0eqbw

(2) Copy the variable by dragging the stylus across eq1 and then tapping G, or tap [Edit] [Copy].

Copy and paste comes in handy when you need to input the same variable into multiple expressions. You can also drag eq1 to another line.

(3) Perform the key operation below to input and execute the first expression: eq1 + x 2.

H (or [Edit] [Paste]) 9+X-cw

(4) Perform the key operation below to replace the current contents of eq1 with the list {1, 2, 3}.

9{b,c,d}W Hw

(5) Perform the key operation below to input and execute the second expression: eq1 2

H9*cw

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1-7-8 Variables and Folders

k library Folder Variables Variables in the library folder can be accessed without specifying a path name, regardless of the current folder.

Example: To create and access two variables, one located in the library folder and one located in another folder

uClassPad Operation (1) With main specified as the current folder (the default), perform the following operation

to create a variable named eq1 and assign the indicated list data to it.

{1, 2, 3} S eq1w

(2) Keeping main specified as the current folder, perform the following operation to create a variable named eq2 in the library folder, and assign the indicated list data to it.

{4, 5, 6} S library \ eq2 w

Specifies the library folder.

(3) Check the contents of the two variables.

eq1 w

(4) Change the current folder specification to Test.

Use the Basic Format dialog box (page 14-3-1) or the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1) to change the current folder specification.

(5) Perform the following operations to view the contents of variables eq1 and eq2.

eq1 w

eq2 w

Since variable eq2 is stored in the library folder, you do not need to

indicate a path to access it.

Since this key operation does not access the main folder, the variable name (eq1) is

displayed without showing the variable contents.

main\eq1 w

Specifying the path to the main folder where eq1 is located displays the

contents of the variable.

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1-7-9 Variables and Folders

eq2 w

Tip Specifying a variable name that exists in both the current folder and the library folder causes the

variable in the current folder to be accessed. For details about the variable access priority sequence and how to access variables in particular folders, see Rules Governing Variable Access on page 1-7-11.

You can use the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1) to move existing variables from the main folder or a user folder to the library folder, or from the library folder to other folders.

kUsing List Editor to Create a LIST Variable List Editor makes creation of LIST variables (variables that contain list data) quick and easy. This capability really comes in handy when you need to perform a calculation (statistical calculations, etc.) that involves a large number of LIST variables. List Editor appears as the initial screen when you start up the Statistics application. You can also access the List Editor window from the Main, Graph & Table, and eActivity applications.

Since variable eq2 is stored in the library folder, you do not need to

indicate a path to access it.

1

2

Input a variable name like list_t into the title cell at the top of the list on the List Editor window (1), and then input values into the list (2). This creates a LIST variable with the name list_t that is assigned the contents of the list of data (2). The above example creates a LIST variable named list_t and assigns it the list data {12, 24, 36}.

Tip For details about using List Editor, see 7-2 Using List Editor.

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1-7-10 Variables and Folders

Assigning Values and Other Data to a System Variable

As its name suggests, a system variable is a variable that is created and used by the system (page 1-7-5). Some system variables allow you to assign values and other data to them, while some system variables do not. For more information about which variables allow you to control their contents, see the System Variable Table on page -7-1.

Locking a Variable or Folder

Locking a variable or folder protects against inadvertently deleting it or changing its contents. You can unlock a locked variable or folder to re-enable deletion and data assignment.

Locking a variable disables the following operations on it: delete, overwrite, rename, and move (to another folder).

Locking a folder makes it impossible to delete or rename the folder.

Tip In terms of ClassPad variables, lock is completely different from protect. For more information

about protect, see Variable Data Types on page 1-7-3.

You can lock and unlock a variable or folder using either the Variable Manager or commands.

u To lock or unlock a variable or folder using the Variable Manager In the Variable Manager, select the folder or variable you want to lock or unlock and then tap [Edit] - [Lock] or [Edit] - [Unlock]. For more information, see 1-8 Using the Variable Manager.

u To lock or unlock a variable or folder using commands In the Main application or in a program, execute one of the commands described below.

Lock a variable Lock Unlock a variable Unlock Lock a folder LockFolder Unlock a folder UnlockFolder

Use this command syntax:To do this:

For information about commands, see 12-6 Program Command Reference.

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1-7-11 Variables and Folders

Rules Governing Variable Access

Normally, you access a variable by specifying its variable name. The rules in this section apply when you need to reference a variable that is not located in the current folder or to access a variable that has the same name as one or more variables located in other folders.

kVariable Search Priority Sequence Specifying a variable name to access a variable, searches variables in the following sequence.

(1) Local Variables

(2) Current Folder Variables

(3) library Folder Variables

Multiple variables with the same name can exist simultaneously as a local variable, as a variable in the current folder, and as a variable in the library folder. In this case, the ClassPad searches folders according to the sequence shown above and accesses the first instance of the variable that it finds. If you want to access such a variable when it occurs lower in the above priority sequence, you need to specify the folder name along with the variable name as shown in Specifying a Variable in a Particular Folder below.

If a variable you specify cannot be found, it is treated as an undefined variable. Note that the system folder is not included in the above variable search. When accessing

a variable in the system folder, you need to specify the variable name only, without specifying the folder name.

Tip Local variables exist only as long as the program or user-defined function for which it was

created in being executed.

When a variable search is required during a subroutine called by a program or user-defined function, the local variable search range includes only the local variables of the subroutine currently being executed.

For information about programs and user-defined functions, see Chapter 12.

Only local variables and current folder variables are searched in the case of an operation that stores variable data or a command that performs an operation on a variable (like DelVar). Normally, library folder variables are not searched. If you want to include library folders in the search, you need to specify the library folder as the variable location as explained below.

kSpecifying a Variable in a Particular Folder You can access a variable located inside the main folder, library folder, or a particular user folder by specifying the folder name along with the variable name. Use the following syntax when specifying a folder name:

\

Example: To specify variable abc located in the main folder

main\abc

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1-8-1 Using the Variable Manager

1-8 Using the Variable Manager The Variable Manager is a tool for managing user variables, programs, user functions, and other types of data. Though this section uses only the term variables, the explanations provided here also refer to the other types of data that can be managed by the Variable Manager.

Variable Manager Overview

This section explains how to start up and exit the Variable Manager. It also provides information about the configuration of the Variable Manager.

With the Variable Manager you can:

Create, delete, rename, lock, and unlock folders for storing variables, and configure current folder settings.

Delete, copy, rename, move, lock, unlock, search for variables, and view the contents of variables.

Starting Up the Variable Manager

You can start up the Variable Manager using the O menu or by using an applications toolbar.

u To start up the Variable Manager using the O menu Tap O, [Settings], and then [Variable Manager].

u To start up the Variable Manager using the toolbar On the toolbar of the application you are using, tap 5.

Starting up the Variable Manager initially displays the folder list, which is described on the next page.

Starting up the Variable Manager while a soft keyboard is on the display causes the soft keyboard to close.

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Tapping a folder name on the folder list selects it. Tapping the folder name again displays the folders contents; a variable list.

Current folder

Folder names Number of variables contained in the folder

Folder List

Number of variables contained in the folder

Variable names Variable data types (page 1-7- 3) and sizes (bytes)

Variable List

Folder name

To close the variable list and return to the folder list, tap [Close].

Exiting the Variable Manager

To exit the Variable Manager, tap the [Close] button.

1-8-2 Using the Variable Manager

Variable Manager Views

The Variable Manager uses two views, a folder list and a variable list.

The folder list always appears first whenever you start up the Variable Manager.

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Variable Manager Folder Operations

This section describes the various folder operations you can perform using the Variable Manager.

kSpecifying the Current Folder The current folder is the folder where the variables created by applications (excluding eActivity) are stored and from which such variables can be accessed. The initial default current folder is the main folder. You can also select a folder you created yourself as the current folder.

uClassPad Operation (1) Start up the Variable Manager and display the folder list.

(2) Tap the [Current] down arrow button. On the list that appears, select the folder that you want to specify as the current folder.

(3) Tap [Close] to close the folder list.

kCreating a New Folder You can use the following procedure to create up to 87 folders, as you need them.

uClassPad Operation (1) Start up the Variable Manager, which causes the folder list to appear.

(2) On the folder list, tap [Edit] and then [Create Folder].

This displays a dialog box for inputting a folder name.

(3) Enter the folder name, and then tap [OK].

This creates the new folder and returns to the folder list.

Normally, a folder name can contain up to eight bytes. If your folder name includes 2-byte characters, you may not be able to input eight characters for the folder name. For details about folder names, see page 1-7-5.

Current folder

1-8-3 Using the Variable Manager

An error message appears and your folder is not created if there is already a folder with the same name you input. Tap [OK] to close the error message dialog box, and then specify a different name for the folder you are creating.

Tip

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kSelecting and Deselecting Folders The folder operations you perform are performed on the currently selected folders. The folders that are currently selected on the folder list are those whose check boxes are selected (checked). You can use the following operations to select and deselect folders as required.

To do this: Do this:

Select a single folder Select the check box next to the folder name.

Deselect a single folder Clear the check box next to the folder name.

Select all the folders in the list Tap [All] and then [Select All].

Deselect all the folders in the list Tap [All] and then [Deselect All].

1-8-4 Using the Variable Manager

If no check box is currently selected on the folder list, any folder operation that is performed affects the folder whose name is currently highlighted on the list. If any folder check box is currently selected, only that folder is affected by a folder operation, and the folder whose name is highlighted on the list is not affected.

Selecting the check box of a folder causes the check boxes of all of the variables inside of it also to become selected.

When renaming a folder, only the folder whose name is highlighted on the folder list is renamed. Other folders whose check boxes are selected are not affected.

kDeleting a Folder

Warning! Before deleting a folder, make sure you no longer need any of the variables contained inside it. It is probably a good idea to first delete the variables you dont need and move the variables you do need to another folder, and then delete the empty folder.

uClassPad Operation (1) Start up the Variable Manager and display the folder list.

(2) Open the folder you want to delete and check its contents.

Make sure you no longer need any of the variables in the folder. If any of the variables are locked, unlock them.

After checking the contents of the folder, close it to return to the folder list.

(3) Select the check box next to the folder you want to delete.

You can select and delete multiple folders, if you want.

(4) On the folder list, tap [Edit] and then [Delete].

(5) In response to the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to delete the folder or [Cancel] to exit the dialog box without deleting the folder.

Tip

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1-8-5 Using the Variable Manager

You cannot delete the library folder or the main folder.

If no check box is currently selected on the folder list, the folder whose name is currently highlighted on the list is deleted when you tap [Edit] and then [Delete].

An error message appears and the folder is not deleted if any one of the following conditions exists.

The folder is locked. Any variable inside the folder is locked. There are still variables inside the folder.

kRenaming a Folder You can use the following procedure to change the name of an existing folder.

uClassPad Operation (1) Start up the Variable Manager and display the folder list.

(2) Tap the name of the folder you want to rename so it is highlighted.

(3) Tap [Edit] and then [Rename].

This displays a dialog box for inputting a new folder name.

(4) Input the new folder name.

(5) When the name is the way you want, tap [OK] to save it, or tap [Cancel] to cancel the rename procedure.

When renaming a folder, only the folder whose name is highlighted on the folder list is renamed. Other folders whose check boxes are selected are not affected.

A folder that is locked cannot be renamed.

kLocking and Unlocking a Folder A folder cannot be deleted or renamed while it is locked. Lock any folder that you want to protect against accidental deletion.

u To lock a folder (1) Start up the Variable Manager and display the folder list.

(2) Select the check box next to the folder you want to lock.

If you want to lock multiple folders, select all of their check boxes.

(3) Tap [Edit] and then [Lock].

This locks the currently selected folder, and adds a b icon to the left of its name to indicate that it is locked.

u To unlock a folder (1) Start up the Variable Manager and display the folder list.

(2) Select the check box next to the folder you want to unlock.

(3) Tap [Edit] and then [Unlock].

Tip

Tip

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k Inputting a Folder Name into an Application Perform the procedure below when you want to input the name of a folder displayed on the Variable Manager window into the application from which you started up the Variable Manager.

uClassPad Operation (1) In the Main application, Graph & Table application, or

some other application, move the cursor to the location where you want to input the folder name.

1-8-6 Using the Variable Manager

(2) Start up the Variable Manager to display the list of folders.

(3) Tap the folder whose name you want to input, so the name is highlighted.

(4) Tap [INPUT].

This exits the Variable Manager and inputs the name of the folder you selected in step (3) into the application at the current cursor position.

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Variable Operations

This section explains the various operations you can perform on the Variable Manager variables.

kOpening a Folder Perform the steps below to open a folder and display the variables contained inside it.

uClassPad Operation (1) Start up the Variable Manager and display the folder list.

(2) Tap the name of the folder you want to open so it is highlighted, and then tap it again.

This opens the folder and displays a variable list showing its contents.

(3) To return to the folder list, tap [Close].

kOpening the library Folder Note that the procedure you need to use to open the library folder is different from the procedure for opening other folders.

uClassPad Operation (1) Start up the Variable Manager and display the folder list.

(2) Tap [View] and then [library Folder].

This opens the library folder and displays a variable list showing its contents.

(3) To return to the folder list, tap [Close].

Tip You can also open the library folder (by tapping [View] and then [library Folder]) while the

variable list is on the display.

kDisplaying a List of a Particular Type of Variable You can use the variable list to produce a list of a particular type of variable only.

uClassPad Operation (1) In the Variable Manager, open any folder to display a variable list of its contents.

(2) Tap [View] and then [Variable Type].

This displays the Variable Type dialog box for specifying the variable data type.

1-8-7 Using the Variable Manager

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1-8-8 Using the Variable Manager

(3) On the dialog box, tap the down arrow button and then select the data type from the list that appears.

To display variables for all data types, select [All].

For details about data type names and variables, see "Variable Data Types" on page 1-7-3.

(4) After selecting the data type you want, tap [OK] to apply it or [Cancel] to exit the selection dialog box without changing the current setting.

Tip Returning to the folder list or exiting the Variable Manager causes the data type to change to the

initial default setting, which is [All].

Performing this operation clears the check boxes for all of the variables inside the applicable folder.

kSelecting a Variable Before you can copy, delete, or perform any other operation on a variable, you must first select it.

u To select or deselect a variable (1) In the Variable Manager, open any folder to display a variable list of its contents.

(2) Perform one of the operations described below to select or deselect a variable.

To do this: Do this:

Select a single variable Select the check box next to the variable name.

Deselect a single variable Clear the check box next to the variable name.

Select all the variables in the list Tap [All] and then [Select All].

Deselect all the variables in the list Tap [All] and then [Deselect All].

Tip If no check box is currently selected on the variable list, any variable operation that is performed

affects the variable whose name is currently highlighted on the list. If any variable check box is currently selected, only that variable is affected by a variable operation, and the variable whose name is highlighted on the list is not affected.

The selected/deselected status of a variable is retained, even when you return from the variable list to the folder list. Exiting the Variable Manager or changing the data type selection, however, causes all variables to be deselected.

When renaming a variable, only the variable whose name is highlighted on the variable list is renamed. If other variables are selected (checked), they will not be affected.

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1-8-9 Using the Variable Manager

kDeleting a Variable Perform the following steps when you want to delete a variable.

uClassPad Operation (1) Open the folder that contains the variable you want to delete and display the variable

list.

(2) Select the check box next to the variable you want to delete.

To delete multiple variables, select all of their check boxes.

(3) Tap [Edit] and then [Delete].

(4) In response to the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to delete the selected variable or [Cancel] to cancel the delete operation.

Tip If no check box is selected on the variable list, the variable whose name is currently highlighted

on the list is deleted when you tap [Edit] and then [Delete].

If the currently selected variable is locked, an error message appears and the variable is not deleted.

kCopying and Moving a Variable You can use the procedure below to copy or move a variable to another folder.

uClassPad Operation (1) Open the folder that contains the variable you want to copy or move, and display the

variable list.

(2) Select the check box next to the variable you want to copy or move.

To copy or move multiple variables, select all of their check boxes.

(3) Perform the copy operation or the move operation.

To do this: Perform this operation:

Copy the variable Tap [Edit] and then [Copy].

Move the variable Tap [Edit] and then [Move].

This causes a dialog box for selecting the destination folder to appear.

(4) On the dialog box, tap the down arrow button and then select the destination folder from the list that appears.

(5) When the destination folder you want is selected, tap [OK] to perform the copy or move operation, or tap [Cancel] to cancel the procedure.

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Tip If no check box is currently selected on the variable list, the variable whose name is currently

highlighted on the list is copied or moved.

If a variable with the same name already exists in the destination folder, the variable in the destination folder is replaced with the one that you are copying or moving.

An error message appears and the variable is not copied or moved if a variable with the same name already exists in the destination folder and that variable is locked or protected.

A variable that is locked cannot be moved.

kRenaming a Variable Perform the following steps when you want to rename a variable.

uClassPad Operation (1) Open the folder that contains the variable you want to rename and display the variable

list.

(2) Tap the name of the variable you want to rename so it is highlighted.

(3) Tap [Edit] and then [Rename].

This displays a dialog box for inputting a new variable name.

(4) Input the new variable name.

(5) When the name is the way you want, tap [OK] to save it, or tap [Cancel] to cancel the rename procedure.

Tip When renaming a variable, only the variable whose name is highlighted on the variable list is

renamed. Other variables whose check boxes are selected are not affected.

A variable that is locked cannot be renamed.

kLocking and Unlocking a Variable A locked variable cannot be deleted, moved, or renamed. A locked variable also cannot be overwritten by a variable with the same name being moved or copied into its folder. Lock any variable that you want to protect against accidental deletion.

u To lock a variable (1) Open the folder that contains the variable you want to lock and display the variable list.

(2) Select the check box next to the variable you want to lock.

If you want to lock multiple variables, select all of their check boxes.

(3) Tap [Edit] and then [Lock].

This locks the currently selected variable, and adds a b icon to the left of its name to indicate that it is locked.

1-8-10 Using the Variable Manager

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1-8-11 Using the Variable Manager

u To unlock a variable (1) Open the folder that contains the variable you want to unlock and display the variable

list.

(2) Select the check box next to the variable you want to unlock.

(3) Tap [Edit] and then [Unlock].

kSearching for a Variable You can use the following procedure to search the main folder or a user defined folder for a particular variable name. Note that you cannot search the library folder.

uClassPad Operation (1) Start up the Variable Manager and display the folder list.

(2) On the folder list, tap [Search] and then [Search].

This displays a dialog box for inputting a search string.

(3) Enter the variable name you want to find and then tap [OK].

An exclamation point ( ) appears in front of all folders containing a variable name that matches the name in your search.

Tip The message Not Found appears on the display if a match cannot be found.

The exclamation point ( ) remains on the folder list until you exit the Variable Manager or perform another search operation. Also note that the exclamation point ( ) remains in front of the folder name, even if you delete or rename the found variable.

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1-8-12 Using the Variable Manager

Example of EXPR variable contents

kViewing the Contents of a Variable You can use the Variable Manager to view the contents of a particular variable.

uClassPad Operation (1) Open the folder that contains the variable whose contents you want to view and display

on the variable list.

(2) Tap the name of the variable whose contents you want to view so it is highlighted, and then tap it again.

This displays a dialog box that shows the contents of the variable.

(3) To close the dialog box, tap [OK].

Tip You can use this procedure to display the contents of the following variable types only: EXPR,

STR, LIST, MAT, FUNC, PRGM, TEXT, PICT.

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1-8-13 Using the Variable Manager

k Inputting a Variable Name into an Application Perform the procedure below when you want to input the name of a variable from the Variable Manager window into the application from which you started up the Variable Manager.

uClassPad Operation (1) In the Main application, Graph & Table application, or

some other application, move the cursor to the location where you want to input the variable name.

(2) Start up the Variable Manager to display the folder list.

(3) Find the name of the folder that contains the variable whose name you want to input, and tap it twice.

(4) Tap the variable whose name you want to input, so its name is highlighted.

(5) Tap [INPUT].

This exits the Variable Manager and inputs the name of the variable you selected in step (4) into the application at the current cursor position.

In this example, the variable is located in a folder (bio) that is not the current folder, so the folder name needs to be specified (bio\list02). If the variable is located in the current folder, you do not need to specify the folder name (list02).

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2

Using the Main Application The Main application is a general-purpose numerical and mathematical calculation application that you can use to study mathematics and solve mathematical problems. You can use the Main application to perform general operations from basic arithmetic calculations, to calculations that involve lists, matrices, etc. The Main application also provides you with an [Action] menu and [Interactive] menu from which you can select approximately 120 different commands for working with mathematical expressions.

2-1 Main Application Overview

2-2 Basic Calculations

2-3 Using the Calculation History

2-4 Function Calculations 2-5 List Calculations

2-6 Matrix and Vector Calculations

2-7 Using the Action Menu

2-8 Using the Interactive Menu 2-9 Using the Main Application in Combination with

Other Applications

2-10 Using Verify

Chapter

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2-1-1 Main Application Overview

2-1 Main Application Overview This section provides information about the following.

Main application windows Modes that determine how calculations and their results are displayed Menus and their commands

Starting Up the Main Application

Use the following procedure to start up the Main application.

uClassPad Operation On the application menu, tap J.

This starts the Main application and displays the work area.

Main Application Window

Starting up the Main application displays a large white work area.

Work area Use this area for inputting operations and commands. ClassPad also uses this area to output calculation results.

Menu bar The [Action] menu and [Interactive] menu are for executing mathematical expressions.

Toolbar

Status bar This area shows the current mode settings for the Main application.

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Basic Main application operations consist of inputting a calculation expression into the work area and pressing E. This performs the calculation and then displays its result on the right side of the work area.

Calculation result

Input expression

Calculation results are displayed in natural format, with mathematical expressions appear- ing just as they do in your textbook. You can also input expressions in natural format using the ) soft keyboard.

The Main application also has a calculation history feature, which saves calculation expressions you input and their calculated results. As long you do not clear the record, this information is available for later recall. This way you can recall a past calculation, make changes to it, and recalculate.

2-1-2 Main Application Overview

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Main Application Menus and Buttons

This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and buttons of the Main application.

For information about the O menu, see Using the O Menu on page 1-5-4.

Menu Commands

2-1-3 Main Application Overview

* Normally, inputting and executing an expression like (x sin(x), x) integrates x sin(x) and displays the result sin(x) x cos(x). Tapping 0 displays (x sin(x), x) as-is, in a natural math format without performing any calculation.

Button Functions

To do this: Select this menu item:

Undo the last operation or redo an operation that was just undone Edit - Undo/Redo Cut the selected character string and place it onto the clipboard Edit - Cut Copy the selected character string and place it onto the clipboard Edit - Copy Paste the contents of the clipboard at the current cursor position in the work area Edit - Paste

Select the entire row (input expression or value, or result) where the cursor is located in the work area Edit - Select All

Delete the input expression and its result where the cursor is located in the work area Edit - Delete

Clear all work area contents (calculation history) Edit - Clear All Insert a command into the work area (page 2-7-1) Action Execute an Interactive command for the expression selected in the work area (page 2-8-1) Interactive

To do this: Tap this button: Toggle calculation result display between the Standard mode and Decimal mode u

Output an input expression as-is* 0

Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1) 5

Access ClassPad application windows from the Main application !

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Using Main Application Modes

The Main application has a number of different modes that control how calculation results are displayed, as well as other factors. The current mode is indicated in the status bar.

kStatus Bar Mode Indicators

2-1-4 Main Application Overview

Use the [Setup] menus [Basic Format] command to change the setting of each mode. For details about the [Setup] menu, see 14-2 Using the Setup Menu.

For details about the calculations and result displays produced in each of the above modes, see Calculation Modes on page 2-2-5.

1 2 3 4

Status Bar Location

Indicator Description Setting Status

Assist Assistant mode: Does not automatically simplify expressions.

Assistant

Decimal Calculation

Complex Format

Angle

On

Alg Algebra mode: Automatically simplifies expressions. Off*

Decimal Decimal mode: Converts result to a decimal (approximate value). On

Standard

Standard mode: Displays result in exact form (fractional format). If a result cannot be displayed in exact form, however, it will be displayed as a decimal approximation.

Off*

Cplx Complex mode: For complex number calculations. On

Real Real mode: For real number calculations. Off*

Rad Radian mode: Angles displayed in radians. Radian*

Deg Degree mode: Angles displayed in degrees. Degree

1

2

3

4

Settings that are marked with an asterisk (*) in the following tables are initial defaults.

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Accessing ClassPad Application Windows from the Main Application

Tapping the down arrow button on the toolbar displays a palette of 11 icons that you can use to access certain windows of other ClassPad applications. Tapping the ( button, for example, splits the display into two windows, with the List Editor window of the Statistics application in the lower window.

2-1-5 Main Application Overview

The following table displays the application you can access with each of the buttons.

Main application work area

List Editor window For details about swapping the

positions of the two windows, activating a window, closing a window, etc, see Using a Dual Window Display on page 1-5-1.

To display this window: Tap this button: See Chapter:

Graph & Table application Graph Editor window ! 3

Graph & Table application Graph window $ 3

Conics application Conics Editor window * 4

Graph & Table application Table window # 3

Sequence application Sequence Editor window & 6

Geometry application Geometry window 3 8

3D Graph application 3D Graph Editor window @ 5

3D Graph application 3D Graph window % 5

Statistics application List Editor window ( 7

Numeric Solver application Numeric Solver window 1

W

9

Verify window See 2-10 Using Verify.

You can perform drag and drop operations with expressions between the Main application work area and the currently displayed window. For example, you could drag an expression from the Main application work area to the Graph window, and graph the expression. For details, see 2-9 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications.

For details about how to use each type of window, see the chapter for the appropriate application.

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Accessing the Main Application Window from Another ClassPad Application

Almost all of the ClassPad applications allow you to access the Main application window by tapping O and then [Main]. In the Statistics application and some other applications, you can also access the Main application window by tapping the ~ button.

The following are examples of what you can do after opening the Main application window within another application.

Using the Main application window as a calculator to perform a simple calculation Using drag and drop to copy expressions and values between windows

Example: To drag an expression from the Graph Editor window to the Main application work area

2-1-6 Main Application Overview

For full details about individual operations, see the chapters that cover each application.

Tip You cannot access the Main application window from the Geometry, Presentation, Communica-

tion, or System application.

You can access the Geometry application from the Main application.

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2-2-1 Basic Calculations

2-2 Basic Calculations This section explains how to perform basic mathematical operations in the Main application.

Arithmetic Calculations and Parentheses Calculations

You can perform arithmetic calculations by inputting expressions as they are written. All of the example calculations shown below are performed using the 9 soft keyboard, unless noted otherwise.

To input a negative value, tap - or - before entering the value. The order of operations is followed when a calculation consists of mixed arithmetic

operations (multiplication and division are given priority over addition and subtraction). The example calculations are all performed using the Decimal mode. Using the Standard

mode causes results to be displayed as fractions. For details about the Decimal mode and Standard mode, see Status Bar Mode Indicators on page 2-1-4.

Calculation Key Operation

23 + 4.5 53 = 25.5 cd+e.f-fdw

56 (12) (2.5) = 268.8 fg*(-bc)/(-c.f)w

(2 + 3) 102 = 500 (c+d)Ecw

1 + 2 3 4 5 + 6 = 6.6 b+c-d*e/f+gw

100 (2 + 3) 4 = 80 baa-(c+d)*ew

2 + 3 (4 + 5) = 29 c+d*(e+f)w

(7 2) (8 + 5) = 65 (h-c)*(i+f)w

g/(e*f)w or

) Ngce*fw

(1 + 2i) + (2 + 3i) = 3 + 5i (b+cP)+(c+dP)w

(2 + i) (2 i ) = 5 (c+P)*(c-P)w

Tip For details about the calculations and result displays produced in each mode, see Calculation

Modes on page 2-2-5.

To toggle a result between decimal and fractional format, tap u before pressing E.

6 = 0.3

4 5

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Using the e Key

Use the e key to input exponential values. You can also input exponential values using the E key on the 9 and ) keyboards.

Examples: 2.54 103 = 2540 c.feedw

1600 104 = 0.16 bgaaE-ew

Omitting the Multiplication Sign

You can omit the multiplication sign in any of the following cases.

In front of a function Examples: 2sin (30), 10log (1.2)

In front of a constant or variable Examples: a, 2ab, 3ans

In front of an open parenthesis Examples: 3(5 + 6), (a + 1)(b 1) Note that you must use a multiplication sign when the expression directly in front of the open parenthesis is a literal variable. Example: ab (3 + b) must be written ab (3 + b). Otherwise, your input is considered to be in function notation ( f (x)).

In front of the e key or E key (See Using the e Key above.)

In front of a matrix or list Examples: a {1, 2, 3}, 3 [[1,2] [3,4]]

Using the Answer Variable (ans)

Any time you execute a calculation in the Main application work area, the last result is assigned automatically to a variable named ans (answer). You can even recall current ans variable contents and input them into another calculation by pressing the D key as shown below.

Example: 123 + 456 = 579 bcd+efgw

789 579 = 210 hij-Dw

210 7 = 30 D/hw

2-2-2 Basic Calculations

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Tip The ans variable is a system variable. For details about system variables, see 1-7 Variables

and Folders.

Since ans is a variable name, you can specify the ans variable by inputting [a][n][s] on the 0 (alphabet) keyboard, or by tapping the D key on the 9 or the ) keyboard.

The ans variable stores the result of your last or most recent calculation.

The work area maintains a calculation history of the calculations you perform (page 2-3-1). Any instance of the ans variable in the calculation history contains the result of the calculation immediately prior to that instance. You can use ans as many times as you want in calculations, as long as you remember that the value or expression assigned to each ans variable in the calculation history is determined by the calculation immediately preceding it.

Using the ans variable in a calculation results in an error if the previous calculation produced an error display or after a program produces the done message on the display.

The format of the calculation result value assigned to the ans variable depends on the Basic Format dialog box [Display] setting (page 14-3-2). The following illustrates the format used when Fix2 is selected for the [Display] setting.

approx (1/3) w 0.33

ans 3 w 0.99

See Standard Mode and Decimal Mode on page 2-2-5.

Calculation Error

An error message dialog box, like the one shown below, appears when there is a problem with the syntax of an input expression or value, when the number of decimal places of a calculation result in the Standard mode (page 2-2-5) exceeds a specified range, etc. Tap [OK] to close the dialog box and return to the calculation.

2-2-3 Basic Calculations

Tip The text of the error message dialog box depends on the type of error that occurred. For details,

see the Error Message Table on page -10-1.

If you perform a calculation that is mathematically undefined (such as division by zero), the message Undefined appears in place of the calculation result, without display of an error message.

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Calculation Priority Sequence

Your ClassPad automatically performs calculations in the following sequence.

1 Commands with parentheses (sin(, diff(, etc.)

2 Factorials (x!), degree specifications (o, r ), percents (%)

3 Powers

4 , memory, and variable multiplication operations that omit the multiplication sign (2, 5A, etc.)

Command with parentheses multiplication operations that omit the multiplication sign (2 3, etc.)

, 5 +, , ()

6 Relational operators (=, , <, >, <, >)

7 and

8 or, xor

9 with ( | )

Example: 2 + 3 (log (sin(22)) + 6.8) = 22.07101691 (In Algebra mode, Decimal mode, Radian mode.)

Tip Expressions in parentheses are given priority.

In cases where a series of calculations in the same expression includes more than one of the operators 4 through 9 that are the same priority sequence level, the same level operations are performed from left to right. A series of power calculations 3 (example: 5^2^3) is performed from right to left (5^(2^3)).

2-2-4 Basic Calculations

1

2

3

4

5

6

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Calculation Modes

The Main application has a number of different modes, as described under Using Main Application Modes on page 2-1-4. The display format of calculation results depends on the currently selected Main application mode. This section tells you which mode you need to use for each type of calculation, and explains the differences between the calculation results produced by each mode. All of the following calculation examples are shown using the Algebra mode only.

kStandard Mode and Decimal Mode The Standard mode displays calculation results in mathematical expression format whenever possible, while the decimal mode converts calculation results to a decimal form. When the Decimal mode is selected, you can control the use of exponential notation with the [Display] setting on the Basic Format dialog box (page 14-3-1).

u Examples of Decimal mode and Standard mode result displays

Expression Decimal Mode Result Standard Mode Result

50 4 = 12.5 12.5 25 2

100 6 = 16.6666666... 16.66666667 50 3

2 +2 = 3.414213562... 3.414213562 2 + 2

3.52 3 + 2.5 = 6.583333333... 6.583333333 79 12

= 3.1415926535... 3.141592654

sin (2.1) 5 = 1.5450849718... 1.545084972 5 (1 + 5 )

4

The Decimal mode results in the above table show what would appear on the display when Normal 1 is selected for the [Display] setting on the Basic Format dialog box.

2-2-5 Basic Calculations

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uUsing the u Button to Toggle between the Standard Mode and Decimal Mode

You can tap u to toggle a displayed value between Standard mode and Decimal mode format. Note that tapping u toggles the format of a displayed value. It does not change the current Standard mode/Decimal mode setting.

Example 1: Tapping u while the ClassPad is configured for Standard mode (Normal 1) display

Expression ClassPad Operation Displayed Result

baa/gu

100 6 = 16.6666666... (Switches to Decimal mode format.)

16.66666667

u (Switches back to Standard mode 50 format.) 3

Example 2: Tapping u while the ClassPad is configured for Decimal mode (Normal 1) display

Expression ClassPad Operation Displayed Result

9c)+cu

2 + 2 = 3.414213562... (Switches to Standard mode format.) 2 + 2

u (Switches back to Decimal mode format.) 3.414213562

uNumber of Decimal Places, Number of Significant Digits, Normal Display Settings

The [Display] settings on the Basic Format dialog box (page 14-3-1) specify the number of decimal places, the number of significant digits, and the normal display setting for Main application Decimal mode calculation results. The following shows how calculation results appear under each setting.

Expression Normal 1 Normal 2 Fix 3 Sci 3

50 4 = 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.500 1.25E + 1

100 6 = 16.6666666... 16.66666667 16.66666667 16.667 1.67E + 1

1 600 = 0.00166666... 1.666666667E 3 0.00166666666 0.002 1.67E 3

1011 4 = 2.5E + 10 2.5E + 10 2.5E + 10 2.5E + 10 2.50E + 10

The allowable range for the number of decimal places is Fix 0 to Fix 9, and the range for the number of significant digits is Sci 0 to Sci 9. For details about the [Display] settings, see Basic Format Dialog Box on page 14-3-1.

2-2-6 Basic Calculations

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kComplex Mode and Real Mode The Complex mode is for complex number calculations, while the Real mode is limited to calculations within the range of real numbers. Performing a calculation in the Real mode that produces a result that is outside the range of real numbers causes an error (Non-Real Result error).

u Examples of Complex mode and Real mode calculation results

Expression Complex Mode Real Mode

solve (x3 x2 + x 1 = 0, x) {x = 1, x = i, x = i} {x = 1}

i + 2i 3i ERROR: Non-Real Result

kRadian Mode and Degree Mode You can specify radians or degrees as the angle unit for display of trigonometric calculation results.

u Examples of Radian mode and Degree mode calculation results (In Standard mode)

Expression Radian Mode Degree Mode

sin (/6) 1

sin 2

sin (30) sin (30) 1

2

kAssistant Mode and Algebra Mode The Algebra mode automatically simplifies mathematical expressions produced by calculations. No simplification is performed in the Assistant mode. In the Assistant mode, you can view intermediate results as well, which allows you to see the steps that lead to a particular result as shown in the expand example below.

u Examples of Assistant mode and Algebra mode calculation results

Expression Assistant Mode Algebra Mode

x2 + 2x + 3x + 6 x2 + 2 x + 3 x + 6 x2 + 5 x + 6

expand ((x+1)2) x2 + 2 x 1 + 12 x2 + 2 x + 1

x + 1 (When 1 is assigned to x)

x + 1 2

Important! The Assistant mode is available in the Main application and eActivity application only.

2-2-7 Basic Calculations

( )6

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2-3 Using the Calculation History The Main application work area calculation history can contain up to 30 expression/result pairs. You can look up a previous calculation, edit, and then re-calculate it, if you want.

Viewing Calculation History Contents

Use the scroll bar or scroll buttons to scroll the work area window up and down. This brings current calculation history contents into view.

2-3-1 Using the Calculation History

You can use the cursor keys to move to an input expression/calculation result within the calculation history window.

Tip After the number of expression/result pairs reaches 30, performing a new calculation causes the

oldest calculation currently in the calculation history memory to be deleted.

Scroll button Scroll bar

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Re-calculating an Expression

You can edit a calculation expression in the calculation history and then re-calculate the resulting expression. Tapping w re-calculates the expression where the cursor is currently located, and also re-calculates all of the expressions below the current cursor location.

Example 1: To change the expression ans 2 to ans 3 in the example below, and then re-calculate

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap to the right of the expression ans 2 to locate the cursor there.

(2) Delete 2 and input 3.

Kd

(3) Tap w.

This re-calculates the expression where the cursor is located, and all the expressions underneath it.

Important! Remember that re-calculation is performed starting from the current cursor location. If, after performing the first two steps of the above procedure, you move the cursor to the end of ans + 6 in line 3 of the calculation history and then tap w, only line 3 is re-calculated.

2-3-2 Using the Calculation History

Re-calculated

If you edit multiple expressions in the calculation history, always make sure that the cursor is located in the uppermost line that you edited before you tap w.

Re-calculated

Not re-calculated (because it is above the cursor location)

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Example 2: To change from the Standard mode to the Decimal mode (page 2-2-5), and then re-calculate

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap s on the icon panel, and then tap [Setup] and [Basic Format].

This displays the Basic Format dialog box.

(2) Select the Decimal Calculation check box, and then tap [Set].

This closes the Basic Format dialog box. The status bar should now show Decimal, which indicates the Decimal mode.

(3) Move the cursor to the location from which you want to re-calculate.

In this example, we will tap the end of line 2 to locate the cursor there.

(4) Tap w.

This recalculates all of the expressions starting from the cursor position, and displays the results using Decimal mode format.

2-3-3 Using the Calculation History

Tip To re-calculate all of the expressions in the calculation history, locate the cursor in the top line,

and then tap w.

Re-calculated

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Deleting Part of the Calculation History Contents

You can use the following procedure to delete an individual two-line expression/result unit from the calculation history.

uClassPad Operation (1) Move the cursor to the expression line or result line of the two-line unit you want to

delete.

(2) Tap [Edit] and then [Delete].

This deletes the expression and result of the two-line unit you selected.

Important! Even if the result of the deleted two-line unit has an effect on subsequent calculations, the affected calculations are not updated automatically following the deletion. When you want to update everything in the calculation history following the deleted unit, move the cursor to a line that is above the one you deleted and then tap w. For details about re-calculation, see page 2-3-2.

Clearing All Calculation History Contents

Perform the following procedure when you want to clear the entire calculation history currently in the Main application work area.

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap [Edit] and then [Clear All].

(2) In response to the confirmation message that appears, tap [OK] to clear calculation history contents, or [Cancel] to cancel.

2-3-4 Using the Calculation History

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2-4-1 Function Calculations

2-4 Function Calculations This section explains how to perform function calculations in the Main application work area.

Most of the operators and functions described in this section are input from the 9 (math) and ( (catalog) keyboard. The actual keyboard you should use to perform the sample operations presented here is the one indicated by a mark or by button names* (TRIG, MATH, Cmd, etc.) in one of the columns titled Use this keyboard. * For more information about these buttons, see Advanced Soft Keyboard Operations (page 1-6-8).

You do not need to input the closing parenthesis that comes immediately before an E key operation. All of the calculation examples in this section omit the closing parentheses before E.

The following example calculations are all performed using the Decimal mode. Using the Standard mode causes results to be displayed as fractions. For details about the Decimal mode and Standard mode, see Status Bar Mode Indicators on page 2-1-4.

kAngle Conversion (, r) The first two examples below use Degree (indicated by Deg in the status bar) as the angle unit setting. The final example uses Radian (indicated by Rad in the status bar) as the angle unit setting. Note that using the wrong angle unit setting will make it impossible to produce correct calculation results.

u To change the angle unit setting (1) On the O menu, tap [Settings], [Setup], and then [Basic Format].

(2) Tap the [Common] tab.

(3) Tap the [Angle] down arrow button, and then select [Degree] or [Radian].

For more information about this operation, see 14-3 Setup Menu Settings.

Problem Use this keyboard:

Operation mth abc cat 2D

Convert 4.25 radians to TRIG MATH Cmd 4.25 Rw degrees.

= 243.5070629

47.3 + 82.5rad = 4774.20181 TRIG MATH Cmd 47.3 + 82.5 Rw

How many radians is TRIG MATH Cmd Change the [Angle] setting 243.5070629? to Radian, and then input

= 4.249999999 243.5070629 *w.

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kTrigonometric Functions (sin, cos, tan) and Inverse Trigonometric Functions (sin1, cos1, tan1)

The first four examples below use Degree (indicated by Deg in the status bar) as the angle unit setting. The final example uses Radian (indicated by Rad). For details about the [Setup] menu, see 14-2 Using the Setup Menu.

Problem Use this keyboard:

Operation mth abc cat 2D

sin63 = 0.8910065242 TRIG Func s 63 w

2 sin45 cos65 TRIG Func 2*s 45 )*c 65 w = 0.5976724775

Can be omitted.

cosec30 = 1 = 2 TRIG Func 1/s30w or sin30 ) N 1 c

9 s 30 w

sin10.5 =30 TRIG Func S 0.5 w (Determine x for sinx = 0.5.)

.5 can also be used.

TRIG Func Change the [Angle] setting to Radian. c7 /3 w or

c)N 7c 3 w

Tip The angle unit setting you specify remains in effect until you change it.

To move between entry boxes in a 2D math symbol you can use the cursor keys or tap inside a box.

2-4-2 Function Calculations

cos(() rad) = 0.5 3

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kLogarithmic Functions (log, ln) and Exponential Functions (e, ^, k )

Problem Use this keyboard:

Operation mth abc cat 2D

log1.23 (log101.23) = Func l 1.23 w or 0.08990511144 )V 10 e 1.23 w

ln90 (loge90) = 4.49980967 Func I 90 w or )V0ne

e 90 w

log39 = 2 Func l 3 , 9 w or )V 3 e 9 w

101.23 = 16.98243652 MATH Cmd 10 { 1.23 w

e4.5 = 90.0171313 MATH Func e 4.5 w or )Q 4.5 w

(3)4 = (3) (3) (3) MATH Cmd (- 3 ){ 4 w (3) = 81

34 = (3 3 3 3) = 81 MATH Cmd - 3 { 4 w

7 123 (= 123 ) MATH Cmd 123 {( 1 / 7 w or

= 1.988647795 )% 7 e 123 w

2 + 3 3 64 4 = 10 MATH Cmd 2 + 3 * 64 {( 1 / 3 )- 4 w or ) 2 + 3 *% 3 e 64 e- 4 w

Can be omitted.

Tip ^ and have a higher calculation priority sequence than and .

2-4-3 Function Calculations

1 7

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kHyperbolic Functions (sinh, cosh, tanh) and Inverse Hyperbolic Functions (sinh1, cosh1, tanh1)

Problem Use this keyboard:

Operation mth abc cat 2D

sinh3.6 = 18.28545536 TRIG Func =1 3.6 w

cosh1.5 sinh1.5 TRIG Func =2 1.5 )-11.5 = 0.2231301601 w

e1.5 = 0.2231301601* MATH Func e - 1.5 w

cosh1 ( 20 ) TRIG Func =@ 20 / 15 w or 15 =@)N 20 c

= 0.7953654612 15 w

Solve for x given TRIG Func =# 0.88 )/ 4 w or tanh(4x) = 0.88. )N9=#

0.88 )c 4 w

=0.3439419141

* This problem checks whether coshx sinhx = ex. Solving the problem above this one (cosh1.5 sinh1.5) and comparing it with this problem's solution shows that they are equal.

2-4-4 Function Calculations

x = tanh10.88 4

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kOther Functions (%, , x2, x1, x!, abs, signum, int, frac, intg, fRound, sRound)

Problem Use this keyboard:

Operation mth abc cat 2D

What is 12% of 1500? 180 SMBL Cmd 1500 * 12 &w

What percent of 880 is 660? SMBL Cmd 660 / 880 &w

75%

What value is 15% greater SMBL Cmd 2500 *( 1 + 15 & than 2500? 2875

What value is 25% less SMBL Cmd 3500 *( 1 - 25 & than 3500? 2625

2 + 5 = 3.65028154 Func 9 2 )+ 9 5 w or

)5 2 e+5 5 w

(3 + i) = 1.755317302 Func Change to the Complex + 0.2848487846i mode (Cplx indicated on

the status bar). 9 3 +0w or )5 3 +0w

(3)2 = (3) (3) = 9 Cmd (- 3 )xw

32 = (3 3) = 9 Cmd - 3 xw

Cmd ( 3 X- 4 X)Xw

or )N 1 cN 1 c

3 e-N

1 c 4 w

8! (= 1 2 3 8) CALC SMBL Cmd 8 w = 40320

What is the absolute value Func $l 3 / 4 w or of the common logarithm of )4 V 10 eN

3 c 4 w

log ( 3

) = 0.1249387366 4

2-4-5 Function Calculations

1 = 12 1 1 3 4

3 ?

4

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Problem Use this keyboard:

Operation mth abc cat 2D

What is the sign of Func [signum] - 3.4567 w 3.4567? 1 (signum returns 1 for a negative value, 1 for a positive value, Undefined

for 0, and A

for an A

imaginary number.)

What is the integer part of CALC Func - 3.4567 w 3.4567? 3

What is the decimal part of Func [frac] - 3.4567 w 3.4567? 0.4567

What is the greatest integer Func [intg] - 3.4567 w less than or equal to 3.4567? 4

What is 3.4567 rounded to Func [fRound] - 3.4567 , 2 two decimal places? 3.46 w

What is 34567 rounded to Func [sRound] - 34567 , 4 four significant digits? w*

34570

* To round to 10 digits, specify 0 for the second argument.

kRandom Number Generator (rand, randList, RandSeed) The ClassPad random number generator can generate truly random numbers (non-

sequential random numbers) and random numbers that follow a particular pattern (sequen- tial random numbers). Using the randList function, you can generate a list whose elements contain random numbers. There are nine different patterns for generation of sequential random numbers. Use the RandSeed command to switch between non- sequential and sequential random number generation, and to select the sequential random number generation pattern.

uClassPad Operation (1) Use the RandSeed command to configure random number generation settings, if

required.

(2) Use the rand function or randList function to generate the random numbers.

2-4-6 Function Calculations

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u rand Function The rand function generates random numbers. If you do not specify an argument, rand

generates 10-digit decimal values 0 or greater and less than 1. Specifying two integer values for the argument generates random numbers between them.

Problem Use this keyboard:

Operation mth abc cat 2D

Generate random numbers Func [rand] w between 0 and 1.

Generate random integers Func [rand] 1 , 6 w between 1 and 6.

u randList Function Syntax: randList (n [, a, b])

Function: Omitting arguments a and b returns a list of n elements that contain decimal random

values. Specifying arguments a and b returns a list of n elements that contain integer random

values in the range of a through b.

Description: n must be a positive integer. The random numbers of each element are generated in accordance with RandSeed

specifications, as with the rand function.

Problem Use this keyboard:

Operation mth abc cat 2D

Generate a list of three Func [randList] 3 w elements that contain decimal random values.

Generate a list of five Func [randList] 5, 1, 6 w elements that contain random values in the range of 1 through 6.

2-4-7 Function Calculations

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2-4-8 Function Calculations

u RandSeed Command You can specify an integer from 0 to 9 for the argument of this command. 0 specifies non-

sequential random number generation. An integer from 1 to 9 uses the specified value as a seed for specification of sequential random numbers. The initial default argument for this command is 0.

The numbers generated by the ClassPad immediately after you specify sequential random number generation always follow the same random pattern.

Problem Use this keyboard:

Operation mth abc cat 2D

Generate sequential random Cmd [RandSeed] 3 w numbers using 3 as the seed value.

Generate the first value. Func [rand] w Generate the second value. [rand] w Generate the third value. [rand] w

Tip Random values generated by these commands are pseudo random values.

The arguments a and b of rand(a,b) and randList(n,a,b) must be integers, subject to the following conditions.

a < b a , b < 1E10 b a < 1E10

3 26

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kPermutation (nPr) and Combination (nCr)

u Total Number of Permutations

u Total Number of Combinations

Problem Use this keyboard:

Operation mth abc cat 2D

How many different CALC Func } 10 , 4 w permutations are possible when you have 10 different objects and arrange them four at a time?

10P4 = 5040

How many different CALC Func { 10 , 4 w combinations are possible when you have 10 different objects and remove four at a time?

10C4 = 210

kCondition Judgment (judge, piecewise) The judge function returns TRUE when an expression is true, and FALSE when it is false.

Problem Use this keyboard:

Operation mth abc cat 2D

Is the following expression Func [judge] 1 = 1 w true or false? 1 = 1 TRUE

Is the following expression Func [judge] 1 0 w true or false? 1 < 0 FALSE

2-4-9 Function Calculations

n! nCr =

r! (n r)!

n! nPr =

(n r)!

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The piecewise function returns one value when an expression is true, and another value when the expression is false.

The syntax of the piecewise function is shown below. piecewise( , , [ ) ] or piecewise( , , , [ ) ]

Problem Use this keyboard:

Operation mth abc cat 2D

For the expression Func [piecewise] 0 X, 1, 0 < x (x = variable), return 1 2 , 0 w when x is greater than 0, 2 when x is 0 or less, and 0 when x is undefined.

kAngle Symbol () Use this symbol to specify the coordinate format required by an angle in a vector. You can use this symbol for a vector only.

Problem Use this keyboard:

Operation mth abc cat 2D

Convert the polar OPTN Func Change the [Angle] setting to coordinates r = 2, Radian. = /4 to rectangular [toRect] [9 2 ), coordinates. [1, 1] 7/ 4 )]w

kDerivative Symbol () A single derivative symbol indicates the first derivative of an equation in the format: .

Problem Use this keyboard:

Operation mth abc cat 2D

Solve the differential CALC SMBL Cmd [dSolve] Y =X,X

equation y = x. ,Yw

{y = 0.5 x2 + const (1)}

2-4-10 Function Calculations

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kEqual Symbols and Unequal Symbols (=, , <, >, <, >) You can use these symbols to perform a number of different basic calculations.

Problem Use this keyboard:

Operation mth abc cat 2D

To add 3 to both sides of MATH Cmd (X= 3 )+ 3 w x = 3. x + 3 = 6

Subtract 2 from both sides OPTN MATH Cmd (Y 5 )- 2 w of y < 5. y 2 < 3

Tip In the Syntax explanations of each command under 2-7 Using the Action Menu, the following

operators are indicated as Eq/Ineq: =, , <, >, <, >. Whether or not the Eq/Ineq operators include the operator is specified for each command by a separate note.

An expression that contains multiple equation or inequality operators cannot be input as a single expression. For output expressions, an expression can be output with multiple operators only in the case of inequality operators that are facing in the same direction (example: 1< x <1).

Example: solve(x2 1 < 0, x) w {1 < x < 1}

k with Operator ( | ) The with (I) operator temporarily assigns a value to a variable. You can use the with operator in the following cases. To assign the value specified on the right side of | to the variable on the left side of | To limit or restrict the range of a variable on the left side of | in accordance with conditions

provided on the right side of | The following is the syntax for the with (I) operator.

Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat|Eq/Ineq/List/(and operator) You can put plural conditions in a list or connected with the and operator on the right side. can be used on the left side or the right side of |.

Problem Use this keyboard:

Operation mth abc cat 2D

Evaluate x2 + x + 1 when OPTN SMBL Cmd X{ 2 +X+ 1 UX x = 3. 13 = 3 w

For x2 1 = 0, determine OPTN SMBL Cmd [solve] X{ 2 - 1 = 0 the value of x when x > 0. ,X)UX 0 w

{x = 1}

Determine the value of OPTN SMBL Cmd $X)UX 0 w abs (x) when x >0. x

2-4-11 Function Calculations

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2-4-12 Function Calculations

kSolutions Supported by ClassPad (TRUE, FALSE, Undefined, No Solution, , const, constn)

Solution Description Example

TRUE Output when a solution is true. judge (1 = 1) w

FALSE Output when a solution is false. judge (1 < 0) w

Undefined Output when a solution is undefined. 1/0 w

No Solution Output when there is no solution. solve (abs (x) = 1, x) w

Infinity lim (1/x2, x, 0) w

const Constant displayed as const(1) when any dSolve (y = x, x, y) w value that is a constant is included in the {y = 0.5x2 + const (1)} solution. In the case of multiple constants, they are indicated as const(1), const(2), and so on.

constn Constant displayed as constn(1) when the Change the [Angle] setting to solution includes any integer value that is Degree. a constant. In the case of multiple solve (sin (x) = 0, x) w constants, they are indicated as constn(1), {x = 180constn (1)} constn(2), and so on.

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2-5-1 List Calculations

2-5 List Calculations This section explains how to input data using the Main application or List Editor, and how to perform basic list calculations.

Inputting List Data

You can input list data from the work area or on the List Editor window.

k Inputting List Data from the Work Area Example: To input the list {1, 2, 3} and assign it to LIST variable lista.

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap m to display the application menu, and then tap J to start the Main application.

(2) Press k to display the soft keyboard.

(3) Next, perform the following key operation.

9{b,c,d}W

0listaw

Tip For information about assigning data to a variable, see Creating and Using Variables on page

1-7-5.

You can also create a list using commands in the [List-Create] group on the [Action] menu. For information about using these commands, see 2-7 Using the Action Menu.

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kLIST Variable Element Operations You can recall the value of any element of a LIST variable. When the values {1, 2, 3} are assigned to lista, for example, you can recall the second value in the lista, when you need it. You can also assign a value to any element in a list. When the values {1, 2, 3} are assigned to lista, for example, you can replace the second value with 5 to end up with {1, 5, 3}. After performing the procedure under Inputting List Data from the Work Area, perform the following operation.

uClassPad Operation (1) Recall the value of the second element of LIST variable lista.

0lista9[c]w

2-5-2 List Calculations

(2) Assign 5 to the second element of LIST variable lista.

fW 0lista9[c]w

Tip You can also perform the above operations on the ans variable (page 2-2-2) when it contains

LIST data.

Example: {1, 2, 3, 4} w {1, 2, 3, 4}

D[c]w 2

k Inputting List Data Using the List Editor Window Tapping ( displays the List Editor window, which you can then use to input list data. List data input this way is assigned to a LIST variable, so you can access it by specifying the applicable variable name. For more information about using the List Editor window to create a list, see 7-2 Using List Editor.

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Using a List in a Calculation

You can perform arithmetic operations between two lists, between a list and a numeric value, or between a list and an expression, equation, or inequality.

2-5-3 List Calculations

kList Calculation Errors When you perform an arithmetic operation between two lists, both of the lists need to have

the same number of cells. An error will occur if they do not. An error will also occur whenever an operation between any two cells of the two lists

results in an error.

kList Calculation Example

Example: Perform the operation list3 {6, 0, 4} when list3 contains {41, 65, 22}

uClassPad Operation (1) Perform the key operation below in the Main application work area.

0listd9*{g,a,e}

(2)w

List Numeric Value Expression Equation Inequality

List Numeric Value

Expression Equation

Inequality

+

= List

Tip List operations (extraction of list maximum and minimum, calculation of list total, etc.) can

also be performed using the commands in the [List-Calculation] group of the [Action] menu. For more information, see 2-7 Using the Action Menu.

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2-6 Matrix and Vector Calculations

This section explains how to create matrices in the Main application, and how to perform basic matrix calculations.

Tip Since a vector can be viewed as 1-row by n-column matrix or n-row by 1-column matrix, this

section does not include explanations specifically about vectors. For more information about vector-specific calculations, see the explanations about the applicable [Action] menu items in 2-7 Using the Action Menu.

Inputting Matrix Data

You can use the 9 (math) keyboard to input matrix values in a single line in the work area, or the ) keyboard to input matrix values using an actual on-screen matrix.

k Inputting Matrix Values with the 9 Keyboard

Example: To input the matrix 1 2

and assign it to the variable mat1 3 4

uClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap J to start the Main application.

(2) Press k to display the soft keyboard.

(3) Next, perform the following key operation.

9[[b,c][d,e]]W

0matbw

2-6-1 Matrix and Vector Calculations

Tip For information about assigning data to a variable, see Creating and Using Variables on page

1-7-5.

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kMatrix Variable Element Operations

You can recall the value of any element of a MATRIX variable. When the data 1 2 3 4

is assigned to matrix mat1, for example, you can recall the element located at row 2, column 1. You can also assign a value to any element in a matrix. For example, you could assign the

value 5 to the element at row 1 column 2 in mat1, which produces the matrix 1 5

.3 4

After performing the procedure under Inputting Matrix Values with the 9 Keyboard, perform the following operation.

uClassPad Operation (1) Recall the value in row 2, column 1 of MATRIX variable mat1.

0matb9[c,b]w

Row Column

2-6-2 Matrix and Vector Calculations

(2) Assign 5 to the element at row 1, column 2 of MATRIX variable mat1.

fW0matb9[b,c]w

Tip You can also perform the above operations on the ans variable (page 2-2-2) when it contains

MATRIX data.

Example:[[b,c][d,e]]w 1 2 3 4

D[c,b]w 3

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k Inputting Matrix Values with the ) Keyboard

The 6, 7, and 8 keys of the ) keyboard make matrix value input quick and easy.

To do this: Tap this 2D key:

Create a new 1-row 2-column matrix 6

Create a new 2-row 1-column matrix 7

Create a new 2-row 2-column matrix 8

Add a column to the currently displayed matrix 6

Add a row to the currently displayed matrix 7

Add both a row and column to the currently displayed matrix 8

Example: To input the matrix 1 2 3

and assign it to the variable mat2 4 5 6

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap )K to display the lower part of the 2D keyboard, and then perform the key

operation below in the Main application work area.

6 (Creates a 1-row 2-column matrix.)

bec

2-6-3 Matrix and Vector Calculations

6 (Adds one column to the matrix.)

d

7 (Adds one row to the matrix.)

eefeg

(2) Perform the key operation below to assign the matrix to the variable named mat2.

eW 0matcw

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Tip In step (1) of the above procedure, we added rows and columns as they became necessary.

Another way to accomplish the same result would be to add rows and columns to create a blank matrix of the required dimensions, and then start data input. You could create a 2-row 3-column

matrix by tapping 6, 6, 7, or 6, 8. In either case, you could also tap the buttons in reverse of the sequence shown here.

You can also create matrices using the commands of the [Matrix-Create] group on the [Action] menu. For information about using these commands, see 2-7 Using the Action Menu.

Performing Matrix Calculations

This section provides examples of how to perform the most basic types of matrix calcula- tions.

kMatrix Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division

Example 1: 1 1

+ 2 3

2 1 2 1

uClassPad Operation (1) Perform the key operation below in the Main application work area.

9[[b,b][c,b]]+

[[c,d][c,b]]

(2) Tap w.

2-6-4 Matrix and Vector Calculations

Example 2: 1 1

2 3

2 1 2 1

uClassPad Operation

(1) Tap ), K, 8, and then input the values for the first matrix.

(2) Tap the area to the right of the input matrix or press the cursor e key to move the cursor to the right of the input matrix. Next, tap *.

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(3) Tap 8, and then input the values for the second matrix.

2-6-5 Matrix and Vector Calculations

Example 3: To multiply the matrix 1 2

by 5 3 4

uClassPad Operation (1) Perform the key operation below in the Main application work area.

9[[b,c][d,e]]*f

(2) Tap w.

(4) Tap w.

Tip Note that when adding or subtracting two matrices, they both must have the same number of

rows and the same number of columns (the same dimensions). An error occurs (Invalid Dimen- sion Error) when the two matrices have different dimensions.

When multiplying two matrices, the number of columns in the matrix to the left of the multiplica- tion sign () must be the same as the number of rows in the matrix to the right of the multiplica- tion sign. An error occurs (Invalid Dimension Error) when you attempt to multiply two matrices that do not satisfy the above conditions.

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2-6-6 Matrix and Vector Calculations

Tip You can perform matrix calculations using the commands of the [Matrix-Calculation] group on the

[Action] menu. For information about using these commands, see 2-7 Using the Action Menu.

You can raise only a square matrix to a specific power. An error occurs when you try to raise a non-square matrix to a specific power.

Input using the 9 keyboard Input using the ) keyboard

kRaising a Matrix to a Specific Power

Example: To raise 1 2

to the power of 3 3 4

Use the procedures described under Matrix Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division on page 2-6-4 to input the calculation. The following are the screens that would be produced by each input method.

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2-7-1 Using the Action Menu

2-7 Using the Action Menu The [Action] menu helps to make transformation and expansion functions, calculus functions, statistical functions, and other frequently used mathematical menu operations easier to use. Simply select the function you want, and then enter expressions or variables in accordance with the syntax of the function.

Tip Unless specifically indicated otherwise, all of the explanations in this section are performed using

the following modes: Algebra mode, Standard mode, Complex mode, Radian mode.

Abbreviations and Punctuation Used in This Section

The following are the meanings of the abbreviations and punctuation used in the syntax descriptions in this section.

Some of the syntaxes in the following explanations indicate the following for parameters: Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat These abbreviations mean that you can use any of the following as a parameter: expression, equation, inequality list, or matrix.

When you see this: It means this:

Exp

Eq Ineq List Mat

Expression (Value, Variable, etc.) Equation Inequality List Matrix

[ ] You can omit the item(s) inside the brackets. { } Select one of the items inside the braces.

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2-7-2 Using the Action Menu

Example Screenshots

The screenshots below show examples of how input and output expressions appear on the ClassPad display. In some cases, the input expression and output expression (result) may not fit in the display area. If this happens, tap the left or right arrows that appear on the display to scroll the expression screen and view the part that does not fit.

When the input expression does not fit:

When the output expression does not fit:

All of the screenshots in this section show the complete expression version.

Displayed expression

Complete expression

Displayed expression

Complete expression

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Displaying the Action Menu

Tap [Action] on the menu bar to display the menu of 10 submenus shown below.

2-7-3 Using the Action Menu

The following explains the functions that are available on each of these submenus.

Using the Transformation Submenu

The [Transformation] submenu contains commands for expression transformation, like expand and factor.

u simplify Function: Simplifies an expression.

Syntax: simplify (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To simplify (15 3 + 26)^(1/3)

Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][simplify]

Example: To simplify cos(2x) + (sin(x))2 (in the Radian mode)

Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][simplify]

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2-7-4 Using the Action Menu

u expand Function: Expands an expression.

Syntax: expand (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ] expand (Exp,variable [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

If you specify a variable, Exp is decomposed into partial fractions, with respect to the variable.

Example: To expand (x + 2)2

Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][expand]

Example: To decompose into partial fractions, with respect to x

Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][expand]

u factor Function: Factors an expression.

Syntax: factor (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List /Mat [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To factor x2 4x + 4

Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][factor]

u rFactor Function: Factors an expression up to its roots, if any.

Syntax: rFactor (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To factor x2 3

Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][rFactor]

u factorOut Function: Factors out an expression with respect to a specified factor.

Syntax: factorOut (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat, Exp [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To factor a out ax2 + bx + c

Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][factorOut]

3 29

(x4 1) 1

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2-7-5 Using the Action Menu

u approx Function: Transforms an expression into a numerical approximation.

Syntax: approx (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To obtain the numerical value of 2

Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][approx]

(Display: Normal 1)

Example: To obtain the numerical value of 920

Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][approx]

(Display: Normal 1)

For information about the internal operations and the number of digits of a displayed value, see page 2-2-6.

u toFrac Function: Transforms a decimal value into its equivalent fraction value.

Syntax: toFrac (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To transform 5.28 into its equivalent fraction value

Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][toFrac]

u propFrac Function: Transforms a decimal value into its equivalent proper fraction value.

Syntax: propFrac (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To transform 1.2 into its equivalent proper fraction value

Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][propFrac]

Example: To divide x2 by (x 1)

Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][propFrac]

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2-7-6 Using the Action Menu

u combine Function: Transforms multiple fractions into their common denominator equivalents and

reduces them, if possible.

Syntax: combine (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To transform and reduce (x + 1)/(x + 2) + x(x + 3)

Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][combine]

u collect Function: Rearranges an expression with respect to a specific variable.

Syntax: collect (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat[,Exp] [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To rearrange x2 + ax + bx with respect to x

Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][collect]

x is the default when you omit [,Exp].

u invert Function: Inverts two variables in an expression.

Syntax: invert (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List [,variable-1, variable-2] [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To invert x and y in the expression 2x = y Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][invert]

x and y are inverted when variables are not specified.

u tExpand Function: Employs the sum and difference formulas to expand a trigonometric function.

Syntax: tExpand(Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To expand sin (a + b)

Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][tExpand]

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2-7-7 Using the Action Menu

u tCollect Function: Employs the product to sum formulas to transform the product of a

trigonometric function into an expression in the sum form.

Syntax: tCollect (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To transform cos(a) cos(b) into an expression in the sum form

Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][tCollect]

u expToTrig Function: Transforms an exponent into a trigonometric or hyperbolic function.

Syntax: expToTrig (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To transform eix into a trigonometric function (Radian mode)

Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][expToTrig]

u trigToExp Function: Transforms a trigonometric or hyperbolic function into exponential form.

Syntax: trigToExp (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To transform coshx into exponential form

Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][trigToExp]

u dms Function: Transforms a DMS format value into its equivalent degrees-only value.

Syntax: dms (Exp/List-1 [,Exp/List-2][,Exp/List-3] [ ) ]

Example: To transform (3, 5, 6) (= 3q 5 6) into its equivalent degrees-only value

Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][dms]

Zero is the default when you omit [,Exp/List-2] or [,Exp/List-3][ ) ].

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2-7-8 Using the Action Menu

Using the Calculation Submenu

The [Calculation] submenu contains calculus related commands, such as diff (differentiation) and (integration).

u diff Function: Differentiates an expression with respect to a specific variable.

Syntax: diff(Exp/List[,variable] [ ) ]

diff(Exp/List,variable,order[,a] [ ) ]

a is the point for which you want to determine the derivative.

order = 1 when you use the following syntax: diff(Exp/List [,variable][ ) ]. The default variable is x when variable is omitted.

Example: To differentiate x6 with respect to x

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][diff]

Example: To find the second derivative of x6 with respect to x Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][diff]

Example: To find the second derivative of x6 with respect to x at x = 3

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][diff]

u toDMS Function: Transforms a degrees-only value into its equivalent DMS format value.

Syntax: toDMS (Exp/List [ ) ]

Example: To transform 3.085 degrees into its equivalent DMS format value

Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][toDMS]

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2-7-9 Using the Action Menu

u Function: Integrates an expression with respect to a specific variable.

Syntax: (Exp/List[,variable] [ ) ]

(Exp/List, variable, lower limit, upper limit [,tol ] [ ) ]

x is the default when you omit [,variable].

tol represents the allowable error range.

This command returns an approximate value when a range is specified for tol .

This command returns the true value of a definite interval when nothing is specified for tol . If the true value cannot be obtained, however, this command returns an approximate value along with tol =1E 5.

Example: To integrate x with respect to x

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][ ]

Example: To integrate 2x2 + 3x + 4 with respect to x between x = 1 and x = 5, with an allowable error range of 1E 4

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][ ]

1 Example: To integrate

x ln(x) with respect to x between x = 1 and x = 2

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][ ]

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2-7-10 Using the Action Menu

u lim Function: Determines the limit of an expression.

Syntax: lim (Exp/List, variable, point [,direction] [ ) ]

Example: To determine the limit of e x as x approaches

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][lim]

Example: To determine the limit of 1/x as x approaches 0 from the right

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][lim]

u Function: Evaluates an expression at discrete variable values within a range, and then

calculates a sum.

Syntax: (Exp/List, variable, lower value, upper value [ ) ]

Example: To calculate the sum of x2 as the value of x changes from x = 1 through x =10.

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][]

Example: To determine the limit of 1/x as x approaches 0 from the left

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][lim]

This function returns the limit from the left when direction < 0, the limit from the right when direction > 0, and the limit from both sides (left and right) when direction = 0 or when the direction is omitted.

u Function: Evaluates an expression at discrete variable values within a range, and then

calculates a product.

Syntax: (Exp/List, variable, lower value, upper value [ ) ]

Example: To calculate the product of x2 as the value of x changes from x = 1 through x = 5

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][]

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u fMin Function: Returns the minimum point in a specific range of a function.

Syntax: fMin(Exp[,variable] [ ) ]

fMin(Exp,variable,start value,end value[,n] [ ) ]

x is the default when you omit [,variable].

Negative infinity and positive infinity are the default when the syntax fMin (Exp [, variable] [ ) ] is used.

n is calculation precision, which you can specify as an integer in the range of 1 to 9. Using any value outside this range causes an error.

This command returns an approximate value when calculation precision is specified for n.

This command returns a true value when nothing is specified for n. If the true value cannot be obtained, however, this command returns an approximate value along with n = 4.

Discontinuous points or sections that fluctuate widely can adversely affect precision or even cause an error.

Inputting a larger number for n increases the precision of the calculation, but it also increases the amount of time required to perform the calculation.

The value you input for the end point of the interval must be greater than the value you input for the start point. Otherwise an error occurs.

Example: To find the minimum point of x2 1 with respect to x

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][fMin]

2-7-11 Using the Action Menu

Example: To find the minimum point of x2 1 with respect to x, when 2 < x < 3 Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][fMin]

Example: To find the minimum point of x3 6x with respect to x, when 2 < x < 2 and n = 1

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][fMin]

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2-7-12 Using the Action Menu

u fMax Function: Returns the maximum point in a specific range of a function.

Syntax: fMax(Exp[,variable] [ ) ]

fMax(Exp,variable,start value,end value[,n] [ ) ]

x is the default when you omit [,variable].

Negative infinity and positive infinity are the default when the syntax fMax (Exp [, variable] [ ) ] is used.

n is calculation precision, which you can specify as an integer in the range of 1 to 9. Using any value outside this range causes an error.

This command returns an approximate value when calculation precision is specified for n.

This command returns a true value when nothing is specified for n. If the true value cannot be obtained, however, this command returns an approximate value along with n = 4.

Discontinuous points or sections that fluctuate widely can adversely affect precision or even cause an error.

Inputting a larger number for n increases the precision of the calculation, but it also increases the amount of time required to perform the calculation.

The value you input for the end point of the interval must be greater than the value you input for the start point. Otherwise an error occurs.

Example: To find the maximum point of x2 + 1 with respect to x

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][fMax]

Example: To find the maximum point of x2 + 1, when 2 < x < 5 Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][fMax]

Example: To find the maximum point of x3 6x with respect to x, when 2 < x < 2 and n = 1

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][fMax]

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2-7-13 Using the Action Menu

u taylor Function: Finds a Taylor polynomial for an expression with respect to a specific variable.

Syntax: taylor (Exp/List, variable, order [,center point] [ ) ]

Example: To find a 5th order Taylor polynomial for sin(x) with respect to x = 0 (in the Radian mode)

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][taylor]

Zero is the default when you omit [,center point].

u tanLine Function: Returns the right side of the equation for the tangent line (y = expression) to

the curve at the specified point.

Syntax: tanLine (Exp/List, variable, variable value at point of tangency [ ) ]

Example: To determine the function of the line tangent to y = x3 at x = 2

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][tanLine]

u normal Function: Returns the right side of the equation for the line normal (y = expression) to

the curve at the specified point.

Syntax: normal (Exp/List, variable, variable value at point of normal [ ) ]

Example: To determine the function of the line normal to y = x3 at x = 2

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][normal]

u arcLen Function: Returns the arc length of an expression from a start value to an end value with

respect to a specified variable.

Syntax: arcLen (Exp/List, variable, start value, end value [ ) ]

Example: To determine the arc length for y = x from x = 0 to x = 4

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][arcLen]

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2-7-14 Using the Action Menu

u gcd Function: Returns the greatest common denominator of two expressions.

Syntax: gcd (Exp/List-1, Exp/List-2 [ ) ]

Example: To obtain the greatest common denominator of x + 1 and x2 3x 4

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][gcd]

u lcm Function: Returns the least common multiple of two expressions.

Syntax: lcm (Exp/List-1, Exp/List-2 [ ) ]

Example: To obtain the least common multiple of x2 1 and x2 + 2x 3

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][lcm]

u rangeAppoint Function: Finds an expression or value that satisfies a condition in a specified range.

Syntax: rangeAppoint (Exp/Eq/List, start value, end value [ ) ]

When using an equation (Eq) for the first argument, input the equation using the syntax Var = Exp. Evaluation will not be possible if any other syntax is used.

Example: To find the expression(s) in the list {x = , x = 2, x = 3} that belong(s) to the closed range 0 < x < 5

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation] [rangeAppoint]

Example: To find the n that satisfies the condition 0 < n < 5

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][rangeAppoint]

u denominator Function: Extracts the denominator of a fraction.

Syntax: denominator (Exp/List [ ) ]

Example: To extract the denominator of the fraction (y 2)/(x + 1)

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][denominator]

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2-7-15 Using the Action Menu

u mod Function: Returns the remainder when one expression is divided by another expression.

Syntax: mod ({Exp/List} -1, {Exp/List}-2 [ ) ]

Example: To determine the remainder when 26 is divided by 3 (26mod3)

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][mod]

Using the Complex Submenu

The [Complex] submenu contains commands that relate to calculations that involve complex numbers.

u arg Function: Returns the argument of a complex number.

Syntax: arg (Exp/Eq/List/Mat [ ) ]

Example: To obtain the argument of complex 2 + i (in the Radian mode)

Menu Item: [Action][Complex][arg]

u numerator Function: Extracts the numerator of a fraction.

Syntax: numerator (Exp/List [ ) ]

Example: To extract the numerator of the fraction (y 2)/(x + 1)

Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][numerator]

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2-7-16 Using the Action Menu

u conjg Function: Returns the conjugate complex number.

Syntax: conjg (Exp/Eq/List/Mat [ ) ]

An inequality with the (not equal to) relation symbol is also included (only in the Real mode).

Example: To obtain the conjugate of complex number 1 + i

Menu Item: [Action][Complex][conjg]

u re Function: Returns the real part of a complex number.

Syntax: re (Exp/Eq/List/Mat [ ) ]

An inequality with the (not equal to) relation symbol is also included (only in the Real mode).

Example: To obtain the real part of complex number 3 4i

Menu Item: [Action][Complex][re]

u im Function: Returns the imaginary part of a complex number.

Syntax: im (Exp/Eq/List/Mat [ ) ]

An inequality with the (not equal to) relation symbol is also included (only in the Real mode).

Example: To obtain the imaginary part of complex number 3 4i

Menu Item: [Action][Complex][im]

u cExpand Function: Expands a complex expression to rectangular form (a + bi).

Syntax: cExpand (Exp/Eq/List/Mat [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

The variables are regarded as real numbers.

Example: To expand cos1(2) (in the Radian mode)

Menu Item: [Action][Complex][cExpand]

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2-7-17 Using the Action Menu

u compToPol Function: Transforms a complex number into its polar form.

Syntax: compToPol (Exp/Eq/List/Mat [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To transform 1 + i into its polar form (in the Radian mode)

Menu Item: [Action][Complex][compToPol]

u compToTrig Function: Transforms a complex number into its trigonometric/hyperbolic form.

Syntax: compToTrig (Exp/Eq/List/Mat [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To transform 1 + i into its trigonometric form (in the Radian mode)

Menu Item: [Action][Complex][compToTrig]

Using the List-Create Submenu

The [List-Create] submenu contains commands that are related to creating lists.

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2-7-18 Using the Action Menu

u seq Function: Generates a list in accordance with a numeric sequence expression.

Syntax: seq (Exp, variable, start value, end value [,step size] [ ) ]

Example: To generate a list in accordance with the expression x2 + 2x when the start value is 1, the end value is 5, and the step size is 2

Menu Item: [Action][List-Create][seq]

1 is the default when you omit [,step size].

The step size must be a factor of the difference between the start value and the end value.

u augment Function: Creates a new list by appending one list to another.

Syntax: augment (List-1, List-2 [ ) ]

Example: To combine list {1, 2} and list {3, 4}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Create][augment]

u fill Function: Replaces the elements of a list with a specified value or expression. This

command can also be used to create a new list whose elements all contain the same value or expression, or a new list in which the frequency of each element in the first list is determined by the corresponding element in the second list.

Syntax: fill (Exp/Eq/Ineq, number of elements [ ) ]

fill (Exp/Eq/Ineq, List [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Syntax: fill (List, List [ ) ]

Example: To create a list consisting of four identical elements (2)

Menu Item: [Action][List-Create][fill]

Example: To replace the elements of the list {1,2,3} with 3

Menu Item: [Action][List-Create][fill]

Example: To create a list in which the frequencies of a, b and c are 1, 2 and 3, respec- tively

Menu Item: [Action][List-Create][fill]

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2-7-19 Using the Action Menu

u sortA Function: Sorts the elements of the list into ascending order.

Syntax: sortA (List [ ) ]

Example: To sort the elements of the list {1, 5, 3} into ascending order

Menu Item: [Action][List-Create][sortA]

u sortD Function: Sorts the elements of the list into descending order.

Syntax: sortD (List [ ) ]

Example: To sort the elements of the list {1, 5, 3} into descending order

Menu Item: [Action][List-Create][sortD]

u shift Function: Returns a list in which elements have been shifted to the right or left by a

specific amount.

Syntax: shift (List [,number of shifts] [ ) ]

Specifying a negative value for [,number of shifts] shifts to the right, while a positive value shifts to the left.

Example: To shift the elements of the list {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} to the left by three

Menu Item: [Action][List-Create][shift]

Right shift by one (1) is the default when you omit [,number of shifts].

u rotate Function: Returns a list in which the elements have been rotated to the right or to the left

by a specific amount.

Syntax: rotate (List [,number of rotations] [ ) ]

Specifying a negative value for [,number of rotations] rotates to the right, while a positive value rotates to the left.

Example: To rotate the elements of the list {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} to the left by two

Menu Item: [Action][List-Create][rotate]

Right rotation by one (1) is the default when you omit [,number of rotations].

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u subList Function: Extracts a specific section of a list into a new list.

Syntax: subList (List [,start number] [,end number] [ ) ]

Example: To extract the second through the fourth elements of the list {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Create][subList]

The leftmost element is the default when you omit [,start number], and the rightmost element is the default when you omit [,end number].

2-7-20 Using the Action Menu

u listToMat Function: Transforms lists into a matrix.

Syntax: listToMat (List-1 [, List-2, ..., List-N] [ ) ]

Example: To transform the lists {3, 5} and {2, 4} into a matrix

Menu Item: [Action][List-Create][listToMat]

Using the List-Calculation Submenu

The [List-Calculation] submenu contains commands related to list calculations.

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u min Function: Returns the minimum value of an expression or the elements in a list.

Syntax: min (Exp/List-1[, Exp/List-2] [ ) ]

Example: To determine the minimum values of the elements in list {1, 2, 3}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][min]

Example: To compare each element of list {1, 2, 3} with the value 2, and produce a list whose elements contain the lesser value of each comparison

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][min]

Example: To compare the elements of list {1, 2, 3} and list {3, 1, 2}, and produce a list whose elements contain the lesser value of each comparison

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][min]

2-7-21 Using the Action Menu

u max Function: Returns the maximum value of an expression or the elements of a list.

Syntax: max (Exp/List-1[, Exp/List-2] [ ) ]

Example: To determine the maximum value of the elements in list {1, 2, 3}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][max]

Example: To compare each element of list {1, 2, 3} with the value 2, and produce a list whose elements contain the greater value of each comparison

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][max]

Example: To compare the elements of list {1, 2, 3} and list {3, 1, 2}, and produce a list whose elements contain the greater value of each comparison

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][max]

u dim Function: Returns the dimension of a list.

Syntax: dim (List [ ) ]

Example: To determine the dimension of the list {1, 2, 3}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][dim]

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Example: To determine the mean of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3}, whose respective frequencies are {3, 2, 1}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][mean]

u median Function: Returns the median of the elements in a list.

Syntax: median (List-1[, List-2] [ ) ]

List-2 specifies the frequency of each element in List-1.

Example: To determine the median of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][median]

Example: To determine the median of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3}, whose respective frequencies are {3, 2, 1}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][median]

u mode Function: Returns the mode of the elements in a list.

Syntax: mode (List-1[, List-2] [ ) ]

List-2 specifies the frequency of each element in List-1.

Example: To determine the mode of the elements in the list {1, 1, 2, 2, 2}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][mode]

Example: To determine the mode of the elements in the list {1,2,3}, whose respective frequencies are {3, 2, 1}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][mode]

If there are multiple modes, they are returned in a list.

2-7-22 Using the Action Menu

u mean Function: Returns the mean of the elements in a list.

Syntax: mean (List-1[, List-2] [ ) ]

List-2 specifies the frequency of each element in List-1.

Example: To determine the mean of the elements in list {1, 2, 3}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][mean]

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2-7-23 Using the Action Menu

u sum Function: Returns the sum of the elements in a list.

Syntax: sum (List-1[, List-2] [ ) ]

List-2 specifies the frequency of each element in List-1.

Example: To determine the sum of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][sum]

Example: To determine the sum of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3}, whose respective frequencies are {3, 2, 1}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][sum]

u prod Function: Returns the product of the elements in a list.

Syntax: prod (List-1[, List-2] [ ) ]

List-2 specifies the frequency of each element in List-1.

Example: To determine the product of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][prod]

Example: To determine the product of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3}, whose respective frequencies are {3, 2, 1}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][prod]

u cuml Function: Returns the cumulative sums of the elements in a list

Syntax: cuml (List [ ) ]

Example: To determine the cumulative sums of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][cuml]

uAlist Function: Returns a list whose elements are the differences between two adjacent

elements in another list.

Syntax: Alist (List [ ) ]

Example: To generate a list whose elements are the differences between two adjacent elements in the list {1, 2, 4}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][Alist]

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2-7-24 Using the Action Menu

u stdDev Function: Returns the sample standard deviation of the elements in a list.

Syntax: stdDev (List [ ) ]

Example: To determine the sample standard deviation of the elements in the list {1, 2, 4}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][stdDev]

u variance Function: Returns the sample variance of the elements in a list.

Syntax: variance (List [ ) ]

Example: To determine the sample variance of the elements in the list {1, 2, 4}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][variance]

u Q1

Function: Returns the first quartile of the elements in a list.

Syntax: Q1 (List-1[, List-2] [ ) ]

List-2 specifies the frequency of each element in List-1.

Example: To determine the first quartile of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][Q1]

Example: To determine the first quartile of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3, 4}, whose respective frequencies are {4, 3, 2, 1}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][Q1]

u Q3

Function: Returns the third quartile of the elements in a list.

Syntax: Q3 (List-1[, List-2] [ ) ]

List-2 specifies the frequency of each element in List-1.

Example: To determine the third quartile of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][Q3]

Example: To determine the third quartile of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3, 4}, whose respective frequencies are {4, 3, 2, 1}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][Q3]

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2-7-25 Using the Action Menu

u percent Function: Returns the percentage of each element in a list, the sum of which is assumed

to be 100.

Syntax: percent (List [ ) ]

Example: To determine the percentage of each element in the list {1, 2, 3}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][percent]

u polyEval Function: Returns a polynomial arranged in the descending order of powers, so

coefficients correspond sequentially to each element in the input list.

Syntax: polyEval (List [,Exp/List] [ ) ]

Example: To create a second degree polynomial with the coefficients {1, 2, 3}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][polyEval]

x is the default when you omit [,Exp/List].

u sequence Function: Returns the lowest-degree polynomial that represents the sequence expressed

by the input list. When there are two lists, this command returns a polynomial that maps each element in the first list to its corresponding element in the second list.

Syntax: sequence (List-1[, List-2] [,variable] [ ) ]

x is the default when you omit [,variable].

Example: To determine a polynomial for a sequence expressed by the list {3, 5, 7, 9}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][sequence]

Example: To determine a polynomial that maps each element in the list {1, 3, 5, 7} to its corresponding element in the list {0, 1, 2, 3}.

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][sequence]

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2-7-26 Using the Action Menu

u sumSeq Function: Finds the lowest-degree polynomial that represents the sequence expressed by

the input list and returns the sum of the polynomial. When there are two lists, this command returns a polynomial that maps each element in the first list to its corresponding element in the second list, and returns the sum of the polynomial.

Syntax: sumSeq (List-1[, List-2] [,variable] [ ) ]

x is the default when you omit [,variable].

Example: To determine the sum of a polynomial for a sequence expressed by the list {3, 5, 7, 9}

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][sumSeq]

Example: To obtain the polynomial that maps the elements in the list {9, 7, 4, 1} to its corresponding elements in the list {0, 4, 6, 5}, and return the sum of the polynomial.

Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][sumSeq]

Using the Matrix-Create Submenu

The [Matrix-Create] submenu contains commands related to creation of matrices.

u trn Function: Returns a transposed matrix.

Syntax: trn (Mat [ ) ]

Example: To transpose the matrix [[1,2] [3,4]]

Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Create][trn]

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2-7-27 Using the Action Menu

u augment Function: Returns a matrix that combines two other matrices.

Syntax: augment (Mat-1, Mat-2 [ ) ]

Example: To combine the two matrices [[1,2] [3,4]] and [[5,6] [7,8]]

Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Create][augment]

u ident Function: Creates an identity matrix.

Syntax: ident (natural number [ ) ]

Example: To create a 2 2 identity matrix

Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Create][ident]

u fill Function: Creates a matrix with a specific number of rows and columns, or replaces the

elements of a matrix with a specific expression.

Syntax: fill (Exp, number of rows, number of columns [ ) ]

fill (Exp, Mat [ ) ]

Example: To create a 2 3 matrix, all whose elements are 2

Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Create][fill]

Example: To replace all of the elements of the matrix [[1,2] [3,4]] with 3

Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Create][fill]

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u subMat Function: Extracts a specific section of a matrix into a new matrix.

Syntax: subMat (Mat [,start row] [,start column] [,end row] [,end column] [ ) ]

1 is the default when you omit [, start row] and [, start column].

The last row number is the default when you omit [, end row].

The last column number is the default when you omit [, end column].

Example: To extract the section from row 2, column 2, to row 3, column 3 from the matrix [[1,4,7] [2,5,8] [3,6,9]]

Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Create][subMat]

u diag Function: Returns a one-row matrix containing the elements from the main diagonal of a

square matrix.

Syntax: diag (Mat[ ) ]

Example: To extract the diagonal elements of the matrix [[1,2] [3,4]]

Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Create][diag]

u matToList Function: Transforms a specific column of a matrix into a list.

Syntax: matToList (Mat, column number [ ) ]

Example: To transform column 2 of the matrix [[1,2] [3,4]] into a list

Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Create][matToList]

2-7-28 Using the Action Menu

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Using the Matrix-Calculation Submenu

The [Matrix-Calculation] submenu contains commands that are related to matrix calculations.

2-7-29 Using the Action Menu

u dim Function: Returns the dimensions of a matrix as a two-element list {number of rows,

number of columns}.

Syntax: dim (Mat [ ) ]

Example: To determine the dimensions of the matrix [[1,2,3] [4,5,6]]

Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][dim]

u det Function: Returns the determinant of a square matrix.

Syntax: det (Mat [ ) ]

Example: To obtain the determinant of the matrix [[1,2] [4,5]]

Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][det]

u norm Function: Returns the Frobenius norm of the matrix.

Syntax: norm (Mat [ ) ]

Example: To determine the norm of the matrix [[1,2] [4,5]]

Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][norm]

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2-7-30 Using the Action Menu

u eigVl Function: Returns a list that contains the eigenvalue(s) of a square matrix.

Syntax: eigVl (Mat [ ) ]

Example: To obtain the eigenvalue(s) of the matrix [[3,4] [1,3]]

Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][eigVl]

u eigVc Function: Returns a matrix in which each column represents an eigenvector of a square

matrix.

Since an eigenvector usually cannot be determined uniquely, it is standardized as follows to its norm, which is 1: When V = [x1, x2, ..., xn], ( x12 + x22 + .... + xn2) = 1.

Syntax: eigVc (Mat [ ) ]

Example: To obtain the eigenvector(s) of the matrix [[3,4] [1,3]]

Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][eigVc]

u rref Function: Returns the reduced row echelon form of a matrix.

Syntax: rref (Mat [ ) ]

Example: To obtain the reduced row echelon form of the matrix [[2,1,3,19] [1,1, 5,21] [0,4,3,0]]

Menu Item: [Action] [Matrix-Calculation][rref]

u ref Function: Returns the row echelon form of a matrix.

Syntax: ref (Mat [ ) ]

Example: To obtain the row echelon form of the matrix [[1,2,3] [4,5,6]]

Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][ref]

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2-7-31 Using the Action Menu

u LU Function: Returns the LU decomposition of a square matrix.

Syntax: LU (Mat, lVariableMem, uVariableMem [ ) ]

Example: To obtain the LU decomposition of the matrix [[1,2,3] [4,5,6] [7,8,9]]

The lower matrix is assigned to the first variable L, while the upper matrix is assigned to the second variable U.

Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][LU]

To display the lower matrix

Menu Item: [VAR][CAP][L][EXE]

To display the upper matrix

Menu Item: [VAR][CAP][U][EXE]

u QR Function: Returns the QR decomposition of a square matrix.

Syntax: QR (Mat, qVariableMem, rVariableMem [ ) ]

Example: To obtain the QR decomposition of the matrix [[1, 2] [3, 4]]

The unitary matrix is assigned to variable Q, while the upper triangular matrix is assigned to variable R.

Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][QR]

To display the unitary matrix

Menu Item: [VAR][CAP][Q][EXE]

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To display the upper triangular matrix

Menu Item: [VAR][CAP][R][EXE]

u swap Function: Swaps two rows of a matrix.

Syntax: swap (Mat, row number-1, row number-2 [ ) ]

Example: To swap row 1 with row 2 of the matrix [[1,2] [3,4]]

Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][swap]

u mRow Function: Multiplies the elements of a specific row in a matrix by a specific expression.

Syntax: mRow (Exp, Mat, row number [ ) ]

Example: To multiply row 1 of the matrix [[1,2] [3,4]] by x

Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][mRow]

u mRowAdd Function: Multiplies the elements of a specific row in a matrix by a specific expression,

and then adds the result to another row.

Syntax: mRowAdd (Exp, Mat, row number-1, row number-2 [ ) ]

Example: To multiply row 1 of the matrix [[1,2] [3,4]] by x, and then add the result to row 2

Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][mRowAdd]

2-7-32 Using the Action Menu

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2-7-33 Using the Action Menu

u rowAdd Function: Adds a specific matrix row to another row.

Syntax: rowAdd (Mat, row number-1, row number-2 [ ) ]

Example: To add row 1 of the matrix [[1,2] [3,4]] to row 2

Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][rowAdd]

u rowDim Function: Returns the number in rows in a matrix.

Syntax: rowDim (Mat [ ) ]

Example: To obtain the number of rows in the matrix [[1,2,3] [4,5,6]]

Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][rowDim]

u rowNorm Function: Calculates the sums of the absolute values of the elements of each row of a

matrix, and returns the maximum value of the sums.

Syntax: rowNorm (Mat [ ) ]

Example: To calculate the sums of the absolute values of the elements in each row of the matrix [[1, 2, 3] [4, 5, 6]], and obtain the maximum value of the sums

Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][rowNorm]

u colDim Function: Returns the number of columns in a matrix.

Syntax: colDim (Mat [ ) ]

Example: To obtain the number of columns in the matrix [[1,2] [3,4] [5,6]]

Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][colDim]

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2-7-34 Using the Action Menu

u colNorm Function: Calculates the sums of the absolute values of the elements of each column of a

matrix, and returns the maximum value of the sums.

Syntax: colNorm (Mat [ ) ]

Example: To calculate the sums of the absolute values of the elements in each column of the matrix [[1, 2, 3][4, 5, 6][7, 8, 9]], and obtain the maximum value of the sums

Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation] [colNorm]

Using the Vector Submenu

The [Vector] submenu contains commands that are related to vector calculations.

A vector is handled as a 1 N matrix or N 1 matrix.

A vector in the form of 1 N can be entered as [] or [[]].

Example: [1, 2], [[1, 2]]

Vectors are considered to be in rectangular form unless () is used to indicate an angle measure.

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u augment Function: Returns an augmented vector [Mat-1 Mat-2].

Syntax: augment (Mat-1, Mat-2 [ ) ]

Example: To augment vectors [1, 2] and [3, 4]

Menu Item: [Action][Vector][augment]

u fill Function: Creates a vector that contains a specific number of elements, or replaces the

elements of a vector with a specific expression.

Syntax: fill (Exp, Mat [ ) ]

fill (Exp, 1, number of columns [ ) ]

Example: To replace the elements of the vector [1, 2] with x

Menu Item: [Action][Vector][fill]

Example: To create a 1 3 (1 row, 3 columns) vector, all of whose elements are 3

Menu Item: [Action][Vector][fill]

u toRect Function: Returns an equivalent rectangular form [x y] or [x y z].

Syntax: toRect (Mat [,natural number] [ ) ]

This command can be used with a 1 N or N 1 matrix only (N = 2, 3).

This command returns x when natural number is 1, y when natural number is 2, and z when natural number is 3.

This command returns a rectangular form when you omit natural number.

Example: To transform the polar form [ 2 , (/4)] into an equivalent rectangular form (in the Radian mode)

Menu Item: [Action][Vector][toRect]

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u toPol Function: Returns an equivalent polar form [r].

Syntax: toPol (Mat [,natural number] [ ) ]

This command can be used with a 1 2 or 2 1 matrix only.

This command returns r when natural number is 1, and when natural number is 2.

This command returns a polar form when you omit natural number.

Example: To transform the rectangular form [1,2] into its equivalent polar form

Menu Item: [Action][Vector][toPol]

u toSph Function: Returns an equivalent spherical form [ ].

Syntax: toSph (Mat [,natural number] [ ) ]

This command can be used with a 1 3 or 3 1 matrix only.

This command returns when natural number is 1, when natural number is 2, and when natural number is 3.

This command returns a spherical form when you omit natural number.

Example: To transform the rectangular form [1,1,1] into its equivalent spherical form (in the Radian mode)

Menu Item: [Action][Vector][toSph]

u toCyl Function: Returns an equivalent cylindrical form [r z]

Syntax: toCyl (Mat [,natural number] [ ) ]

This command can be used with a 1 3 or 3 1 matrix only.

This command returns r when natural number is 1, when natural number is 2, and z when natural number is 3.

This command returns a cylindrical form when you omit natural number.

Example: To transform the rectangular form [1,1,1] into an equivalent cylindrical form (in the Radian mode)

Menu Item: [Action][Vector][toCyl]

2-7-36 Using the Action Menu

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u dim Function: Returns the dimension of a vector.

Syntax: dim (Mat [ ) ]

Example: To determine the dimension of the vector [1, 2, 3]

Menu Item: [Action][Vector][dim]

The vector [1,2,3] is handled as a 1 3 matrix.

u crossP Function: Returns the cross product of two vectors.

Syntax: crossP (Mat-1, Mat-2 [ ) ]

This command can be used with a 1 N or N 1 matrix only (N = 2, 3).

A two-element matrix [a, b] or [[a], [b]] is automatically converted into a three-element matrix [a, b, 0] or [[a], [b], [0]].

Example: To obtain the cross product of the two vectors [1, 3, 5] and [2, 4, 6]

Menu Item: [Action][Vector][crossP]

u dotP Function: Returns the dot product of two vectors.

Syntax: dotP (Mat-1, Mat-2 [ ) ]

This command can be used with a 1 N or N 1 matrix only.

Example: To obtain the dot product of the two vectors [1, 3, 5] and [2, 4, 6]

Menu Item: [Action][Vector][dotP]

u norm Function: Returns the norm of a vector.

Syntax: norm (Mat [ ) ]

Example: To obtain the norm of the vector [1, 2, 3]

Menu Item: [Action][Vector][norm]

2-7-37 Using the Action Menu

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u unitV Function: Normalizes a vector.

Syntax: unitV (Mat [ ) ]

This command can be used with a 1 N or N 1 matrix only.

Example: To normalize the vector [1, 3, 5]

Menu Item: [Action][Vector][unitV]

u angle Function: Returns the angle formed by two vectors.

Syntax: angle (Mat-1, Mat-2 [ ) ]

This command can be used with a 1 N or N 1 matrix only.

Example: To determine the angle formed by vectors [1, 2] and [3, 4] (in the Radian mode)

Menu Item: [Action][Vector][angle]

Using the Equation/Inequality Submenu

The [Equation/Inequality] submenu contains commands that are related to equations and inequalities.

2-7-38 Using the Action Menu

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2-7-39 Using the Action Menu

u solve Function: Returns the solution of an equation or inequality.

Syntax: solve (Exp/Eq/Ineq [,variable] [ ) ]

For this syntax, Ineq also includes the operator.

x is the default when you omit [,variable].

solve (Exp/Eq,variable[, value, lower limit, upper limit] [ ) ]

This syntax does not support Ineq, but the operator is supported.

value is an initially estimated value.

This command is valid only for equations and expressions when value and the items following it are included. In that case, this command returns an approximate value.

A true value is returned when you omit value and the items following it. When, however, a true value cannot be obtained, an approximate value is returned for equations only based on the assumption that value = 0, lower limit = , and upper limit = .

solve ({Exp-1/Eq-1, ..., Exp-N/Eq-N}, {variable-1, ..., variable-N} [ ) ]

When Exp is the first argument, the equation Exp = 0 is presumed.

Example: To solve ax + b = 0 for x

Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][solve]

Example: To solve simultaneous linear equations 3x + 4y = 5, 2x 3y = 8

Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][solve]

u dSolve Function: Solves first, second or third order ordinary differential equations, or a system of

first order differential equations.

Syntax: dSolve (Eq, independent variable, dependent variable [, initial condition-1, initial condition-2][, initial condition-3, initial condition-4][, initial condition-5, initial condition-6] [ ) ]

dSolve ({Eq-1, Eq-2}, independent variable, {dependent variable-1, dependent variable-2} [, initial condition-1, initial condition-2, initial condition-3, initial condition-4] [ ) ]

If you omit the initial conditions, the solution will include arbitrary constants.

Input all initial conditions equations using the syntax Var = Exp. Any initial condition that uses any other syntax will be ignored.

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2-7-40 Using the Action Menu

Example: To solve a differential equation y = x, where y = 1 when x = 0.

Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][dSolve]

Example: To solve the system of first order differential equations y = y + z, z = y z, where x is the independent variable, y and z are the dependent variables, and the initial conditions are y = 3 when x = 0, and z = 2 3 when x = 0

Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][dSolve]

u rSolve Function: Returns the explicit formula of a sequence that is defined in relation to one or

two previous terms, or a system of recursive formulas.

Syntax: rSolve (Eq, initial condition-1[, initial condition-2] [ ) ]

rSolve ({Eq-1, Eq-2}, {initial condition-1, initial condition-2} [ ) ]

Example: To obtain the n-th term of a recursion formula an+1 = 3an1 with the initial conditions a1=1

Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][rSolve]

Example: To obtain the n-th term of a recursion formula an+2 4an+1 + 4an = 0 with the initial conditions a1 =1, a2 = 3

Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][rSolve]

Example: To obtain the n-th terms of a system of recursion formulas an+1 = 3an + bn, bn+1 = an + 3bn with the initial conditions a1 =2, b1 = 1

Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][rSolve]

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2-7-41 Using the Action Menu

u rewrite Function: Moves the right side elements of an equation or inequality to the left side.

Syntax: rewrite (Eq/Ineq/List [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To move the right side elements of x + 3 = 5x x2 to the left side

Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][rewrite]

u exchange Function: Swaps the right-side and left-side elements of an equation or inequality.

Syntax: exchange (Eq/Ineq/List [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To swap the left-side and right-side elements of 3 > 5x 2y

Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][exchange]

u eliminate Function: Solves one equation with respect to a variable, and then replaces the same

variable in another expression with the obtained result.

Syntax: eliminate (Eq/Ineq/List-1, variable, Eq-2 [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To transform y = 2x + 3 to x =, and substitute the result into 2x + 3y = 5

Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][eliminate]

u getRight Function: Extracts the right-side elements of an equation or inequality.

Syntax: getRight (Eq/Ineq/List [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To extract the right side elements of y = 2x2 + 3x + 5

Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][getRight]

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2-7-42 Using the Action Menu

u getLeft Function: Extracts the left-side elements of an equation or inequality.

Syntax: getLeft (Eq/Ineq/List [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To extract the left side elements of y = 2x2 + 3x + 5

Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][getLeft]

u absExpand Function: Divides an absolute value expression into formulas without absolute value.

Syntax: absExpand (Eq/Ineq [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To remove the absolute value from |2x 3| = 9

Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][absExpand]

u andConnect Function: Combines two equations or inequalities into a single expression.

Syntax: andConnect (Eq/Ineq-1, Eq/Ineq-2 [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To rewrite x > 1 and x < 3 into a single inequality

Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][andConnect]

u and Function: Returns the result of the logical AND of two expressions.

Syntax: Exp/Eq/Ineq/List-1 and Exp/Eq/Ineq/List-2

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To obtain the result of the logical AND of x2 > 1 and x < 0

Menu Item: [Action] [Equation/Inequality] [and]

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u or Function: Returns the result of the logical OR of two expressions.

Syntax: Exp/Eq/Ineq/List-1 or Exp/Eq/Ineq/List-2

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To obtain the result of the logical OR of x = 3 or x > 2

Menu Item: [Action] [Equation/Inequality] [or]

u xor Function: Returns the logical exclusive OR of two expressions.

Syntax: Exp/Eq/Ineq/List-1 xor Exp/Eq/Ineq/List-2

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To obtain the logical exclusive OR of x < 2 xor x < 3

Menu Item: [Action] [Equation/Inequality] [xor]

u not Function: Returns the logical NOT of an expression.

Syntax: not (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To obtain the logical NOT of x = 1

Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][not]

2-7-43 Using the Action Menu

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2-7-44 Using the Action Menu

Using the Assistant Submenu

The [Assistant] submenu contains two commands related to the Assistant mode. Note that the following commands are valid in the Assistant mode only. For more

information on the Assistant mode see Assistant Mode and Algebra Mode on page 2-2-7.

u arrange Function: Collects like terms and arranges them in descending order, starting with the

term that contains the smallest coefficient.

Syntax: arrange (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To arrange 2x + 3 5x + 8y in the sequence of its variables

Menu Item: [Action][Assistant][arrange]

u replace Function: Replaces the variable in an expression, equation or inequality with the value

assigned to a variable using the store command.

Syntax: replace (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]

Ineq (inequality) includes the (not equal to) relational operator.

Example: To replace s in the expression 3x + 2s, when the expression 2x + 1 is assigned to s

Menu Item: [Action][Assistant][replace]

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(3) Tap [Interactive], [Transformation], and then [factor].

This factorizes the selected expression.

2-8 Using the Interactive Menu The [Interactive] menu includes all of the commands contained on the [Action] menu. Listed below are the differences between the [Action] menu and [Interactive] menu.

Interactive Menu and Action Menu

With the [Action] menu, you select a command to input the appropriate function into the work area.

With the [Interactive] menu, you drag the stylus across existing input in the work area and then select a command. This executes the command operation you selected in the work area.

The [Interactive] menu has an apply command while the [Action] menu does not. When a command uses multiple arguments, a dialog box appears prompting you for the

arguments with the [Interactive] menu.

Tip Operation of the following [Interactive] menu commands is identical to the same commands on

the [Action] menu. [Transformation], [Calculation], [Complex], [List-Create], [List-Calculation], [Matrix-Create], [Matrix-Calculation], [Vector], [Equation/Inequality], [Assistant]

For information about using these commands, see 2-7 Using the Action Menu.

Interactive Menu Example

The following example shows how to use the [Transformation]-[factor] command from both the [Interactive] menu and the [Action] menu.

Example: To factorize the expression x3 3x2 + 3x 1

u To factorize from the Interactive menu (1) In the work area, input the expression you want to factorize (x3 3x2 + 3x 1).

(2) Drag the stylus across the expression to select it.

2-8-1 Using the Interactive Menu

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2-8-2 Using the Interactive Menu

u To factorize from the Action menu (1) Tap [Action], [Transformation], and then [factor].

This inputs factor( into the work area.

(2) Input the expression you want to factorize (x3 3x2 + 3x 1).

(3) Tap w.

This factorizes the selected expression.

[Interactive] menu operations come in handy in the following cases. When you want to use a command on an expression you are calculating When you want to use a command that requires multiple arguments

When you use the [Interactive] menu to access a command that requires multiple arguments, the dialog box that appears for command selection also shows the number of arguments, the contents of each argument, and the input sequence. This lets you perform your input without worrying about command syntax.

The following procedure shows an example of using the [Interactive] menu when three arguments need to be specified.

Example: To obtain the definite integral of x2 + 2x, 1 s x s 2

uClassPad Operation (1) In the work area, input the expression ( x2 + 2x).

(2) Drag the stylus across the expression to select it.

Though the above two procedures are quite different, they both produce the same result.

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(3) Tap [Interactive], [Calculation], and then [ ]. This displays the dialog box.

2-8-3 Using the Interactive Menu

(4) On the dialog box, tap Definite integral to select it.

This displays boxes for specifying the variable and the lower limit and the upper limit.

(5) Input the required data for each of the following three arguments.

Variable: x Lower: 1 Upper: 2

(6) Tap [OK].

This performs the calculation and displays the solution.

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2-8-4 Using the Interactive Menu

(3) Tap [Interactive] and then [apply].

This executes the part of the calculation you selected in step (2). The part of the calculation that is not selected ( cos(x) + sin(x) diff(cos(x),x)) is output to the display as-is.

Using the apply Command

The apply command is included on the [Interactive] menu only. You can use this command to execute only a specific part of an expression and display its result.

Example: To calculate the result of diff(sin(x),x) cos(x) + sin(x) diff(cos(x),x), and then calculate only part of the expression

Note This procedure assumes that your ClassPad is configured with the following mode settings:

Algebra, Complex, Radian.

uClassPad Operation (1) Input the example calculation provided above and execute it.

For details about differential calculations, see 2-7 Using the Action Menu.

(2) Drag the stylus across diff(sin(x),x) to select it.

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2-9-1 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications

2-9 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications

You can access the windows of other ClassPad applications from the Main application and perform copy, paste, and other operations between them. This section explains how to access the windows of other applications from the Main application, and provides examples of the various operations you can perform between them.

Important! For details about the windows produced by each ClassPad application, see the chapter

that covers the application. All of the explanations in this section assume that you are already familiar with the operations in the other ClassPad applications.

Opening Another Applications Window

Use the following procedure to access the window of another application from the Main application window.

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap the down arrow button next to the ! button.

This displays a palette of application icons.

Graph Editor Conics Editor

Sequence Editor 3D Graph Editor

List Editor Verify

Graph Table Geometry 3D Graph Numeric Solver

(2) Tap the button that corresponds to the window you want to display.

This causes the window that corresponds to the button you tap to appear in the lower window.

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2-9-2 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications

Closing Another Applications Window

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap anywhere inside of the window you would like to close.

(2) Tap O and then [Close].

The Main application work area expands to fill the entire display.

Tip Even if you used the icon panel r icon to expand the lower window to fill the entire display,

tapping O and then [Close] closes it and returns to the work area window.

Nothing happens if you tap O and then [Close] while the work area window is active.

For more information about enlarging one of the windows on a dual window display to fill the entire display (r), swapping the contents of the upper window and lower window (S), making a window active, and other window operations, see Using a Dual Window Display on page 1-5-1.

Using the Graph Window $ and 3D Graph Window %

Dragging a function from the work area to the Graph window $ graphs it in the format of y = f(x). Dragging a function from the work area to the 3D Graph window % graphs it in the format of z = f(x, y).

Example: To execute the expression factor(x2 1) in the work area, and then graph x2 1

uClassPad Operation (1) Input factor (x2 1) into the work area, and then tap w.

(2) Tap $ to display the Graph window in the lower window.

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2-9-3 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications

(3) Drag the stylus across x^2 1 in the work area to select it.

(4) Drag the selected expression to the Graph window.

This graphs y = x2 1. This graph reveals that the x-intercepts are x = 1.

Tip As can be seen in the above example, a graph can be drawn when you drop an expression in the

form of f(x) into the Graph window. In the case of the 3D Graph window, the expression must be in the form of f(x,y).

For more information about the Graph window, see Chapter 3. For more information about the 3D Graph window, see Chapter 5.

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2-9-4 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications

Using a Graph Editor Window (Graph & Table: !, Conics: *, 3D Graph: @, Numeric Solver: 1)

You can copy expressions by dragging them between the work area window and the Graph Editor, Conics Editor, 3D Graph Editor, and Numeric Solver windows.

Example: To copy an expression in the work area by dragging it to the Graph Editor window

uClassPad Operation (1) On the work area window, tap ! to display the Graph Editor window in the lower

window.

If you already have some functions input in the Graph & Table application, those functions will be displayed on the Graph Editor window.

(2) In the work area, drag the stylus across the expression you want to copy so it is selected.

(3) Drag the selected expression to the location on the Graph Editor window where you want to copy it.

This makes the Graph Editor window active and copies the expression to the location where you dropped it.

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2-9-5 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications

(4) Press E to register the expression.

The copied expression is displayed in natural format, with the check box next to it selected.

You could now tap $ to graph the function.

Tip For more information about the Graph Editor window, see Chapter 3. For more information about

the Conics Graph Editor window, see Chapter 4. For more information about the 3D Graph Editor window, see Chapter 5. For more information about the Numeric Solver window, see Chapter 9.

Using the List Editor Window (

You can use the List Editor window to create new LIST variables and edit existing LIST variables. You can also use the List Editor window to display the contents of a LIST variable created using the work area by specifying the LIST variables name.

kExample List Operation The following are the general steps for using the List Editor. The steps indicated in parentheses refer to the steps under ClassPad Operation below.

1. Display the List Editor (step (1)) and input data for two LIST variables named list1 and list2 (step (2)).

2. On the work area window, perform calculations that use list1 and list2 (steps (3) and (4)).

3. Use the work area to assign numbers to a variable and create a new LIST variable (steps (5) and (6)).

4. Display the List Editor window and recall the LIST variable you created (steps (7), (8) and (9)).

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2-9-6 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications

uClassPad Operation (1) On the work area window, tap ( to display the List Editor window in the lower

window.

(2) Input the following list data into the lists named list1 and list2. list1 = {1, 2, 3} list2 = {4, 5, 6}

(3) Make the work area window active, and then perform the following calculation: list1 + list2 S list3.

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2-9-7 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications

(4) Tap the List Editor window to make it active.

Here you can see that list3 contains the result of list1 + list2.

(5) Tap the work area window to make it active.

(6) Perform the operation {12,24,36}test, which assigns the list data {12,24,36} to the LIST variable named test.

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(7) Tap the List Editor window to make it active.

(8) Scroll the screen to the right until the blank list to the right of list6 is visible.

2-9-8 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications

(9) Tap the blank cell next to list6, input test, and then tap w.

This displays the list data {12, 24, 36}, which is assigned to the variable named test.

At this point you can perform list editing operations like append, delete, edit, etc.

Tip list1 through list6 are LIST type system variables. For more information, see 1-7 Variables and

Folders.

For information about inputting and editing list data using the List Editor, see Chapter 7.

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2-9-9 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications

Using the Geometry Window 3

When there is a Geometry window on the display, you can drag values and expressions to the Geometry window to draw the graph or figure of the value or expression. You can also drag a figure from the Geometry window to the work area, which displays the corresponding expression or value.

kDragging an Expression from the Work Area to the Geometry Window

Example: To input the expressions x2/52 + y2/22 = 1 and x2 + y2 = 1 in the work area, and then drag them to the Geometry window

uClassPad Operation (1) Input the two expressions into the work area.

(2) Tap 3 to display the Geometry window in the lower window.

The Geometry window that initially appears is blank.

(3) Drag the stylus across x2/52 + y2/22 = 1 in the work area to select it.

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2-9-10 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications

(4) Drag the selected expression to the Geometry window.

An ellipse appears in the Geometry window.

(5) Drag the stylus across x2 + y2 = 1 in the work area to select it.

(6) Drag the selected expression to the Geometry window.

A circle appears in the Geometry window.

Tip The following table shows the types of expressions you can drop into the Geometry window.

Dropping this into the Geometry window: Displays this:

Linear equation in x and y

Equation of circle in x and y

2-dimensional vector (2 rows 1 column format) Equation y = f(x)

2 n matrix, n > 3

An infinite line

A circle Equation of ellipse in x and y An ellipse

A point

A curve

n 2 matrix, n > 3 An open polygon

A polygon (each column represents a vertex of the polygon)

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2-9-11 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications

kDragging a Figure from the Geometry Window to the Work Area The following shows what happens when you drag a figure from the Geometry window to the work area.

Dropping this into the work area: Displays this:

Point

Line

Circle, Arc, Ellipse, Function, or Curve

Line Pair A point and its image under a transformation

Coordinates as a vector (2 1 matrix) Equation of the line

Vector An ordered pair (head of vector assuming the tail is at the origin)

Corresponding equation

Simultaneous equations for the pair Matrix expression for the transformation

Polygon 2 n matrix Open Polygon (Created by Animation) n 2 matrix

A point and its imagePoint Circle Tip For details about Geometry window operations, see Chapter 8.

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2-9-12 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications

Using the Sequence Editor Window &

Displaying the Sequence Editor window from the Main application makes it possible for you to perform the same operations you can perform in the Sequence application. You can also use drag and drop to copy expressions between the work area and the Sequence Editor window.

Tip For information about Sequence Editor operations and other Sequence application operations,

see Chapter 6.

Using the Table Window #

While the Table window is in the lower window, you can drag expressions obtained from calculations in the work area into a table. This helps to make table data input quick and easy.

Example: To execute the expression x2 1 in the work area and then drag its result into a table in the Table window

uClassPad Operation (1) Input (x2 1) into the work area, and then tap w.

(2) Tap # to display the Table window in the lower window.

(3) In the work area, drag the stylus across the expression or calculation result you want to copy so it is selected.

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2-9-13 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications

(4) Drag the selected expression to the Table window.

This creates the table.

Tip The above procedure creates a table in accordance with the current Table Input settings. For

details about configuring Table Input settings, see Chapter 3.

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2-10-1 Using Verify

2-10 Using Verify Verify provides you with a powerful tool to check whether your numeric or algebraic manipulations are correct. Verify will assist you in simplifying an expression by verifying whether or not the expression you entered is equivalent to your original expression. If it is, you will get a pleasant response; if not, you will need to correct your mistake before continuing. You can access Verify within the Main application or the eActivity application. In the Main application, you can save Verify sessions in ClassPad memory and reopen the session for future use. Verify sessions can also be saved within an eActivity. For more information on saving an eActivity, see 10-2 Creating an eActivity.

Important! Most Verify operations are the same in both the Main application and the eActivity

application.

Starting Up Verify

Use the following procedure to start up Verify.

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap the toolbar down arrow button.

(2) On the icon palette that appears, tap W.

Left-side expression

Right-side expression

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Verify Menus and Buttons

This section provides basic information about Verify menus, commands, and buttons.

Tip O menu items are the same for all applications. For more information, see Using the O

Menu on page 1-5-4.

kFile Menu (Main Application Only)

To do this: Select this File menu item:

Discard the current window contents and create a new file New

Open an existing file Open

Save the current window contents to a file Save

kEdit Menu

To do this: Select this Edit menu item:

Undo the last operation or redo an operation that was just undone Undo/Redo

Cut the currently selected object and place it onto the clipboard Cut

Copy the currently selected object and place it onto the clipboard Copy

Paste the current clipboard contents onto the screen Paste

Select the entire row where the cursor is located Select All

Delete the entire row where the cursor is located Delete

Clear the Verify window Clear All

kAction Menu For information about Action menu commands, see 2-7 Using the Action Menu.

Important! Some Action menu commands are not useful in Verify, but for ease of use Verifys Action menu is identical to the Action menus in the Main application and the eActivity application.

2-10-2 Using Verify

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kVerify Buttons

To do this: Tap this Verify button:

Clear the Verify window (same as the Clear All command) E

Open or save a file (Main application only) R

Specify the complex number calculation range for Verify T

Specify the real number calculation range for Verify Y

Using Verify

The following examples show the basic steps for using Verify.

Important! In Verify, you can press E or tap with the stylus to move the cursor between lines. A message will appear to let you know whether or not the calculation result is valid.

uClassPad Operation

Example 1: To factor 50 completely

(1) Tap the toolbar down arrow button.

(2) On the icon palette that appears, tap W.

2-10-3 Using Verify

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2-10-4 Using Verify

(3) Input 50 and tap w.

(4) Following the equal sign (=), input 25 3 and tap w.

(5) Tap [OK] to close the error dialog that appears.

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(6) Change 25 3 to 25 2 and tap w.

(7) Following the next equal sign (=), input 5 5 2 and tap w.

2-10-5 Using Verify

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Example 2: To rewrite x2 + 1 in factored form

(1) Tap the left most toolbar icon E to begin a new Verify session.

(2) Tap [OK] to clear the window.

(3) Tap the down arrow on the toolbar and select T.

2-10-6 Using Verify

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2-10-7 Using Verify

(4) Input x^2 + 1 and press E.

(5) Input (x + i )(x i ) and press E.

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Using the Graph & Table Application The Graph & Table application allows you to input and graph rectangular coordinate equations (or inequalities), polar coordinate equations, and parametric expressions. After you graph an expression, you can zoom in or out, and move a pointer along the graph, displaying its coordinates as you go. You can also perform various graph-based analytical operations to determine the points of intersect of two graphs, and to determine the maximum, minimum, point of inflection, and definite integral for a particular range of a parabola or other figure. You can even generate number tables and summary tables for functions that you input.

3-1 Graph & Table Application Overview

3-2 Using the Graph Window

3-3 Storing Functions 3-4 Using Table & Graph

3-5 Modifying a Graph

3-6 Using the Sketch Menu

3-7 Using Trace 3-8 Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph

3 Chapter

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3-1 Graph & Table Application Overview This section describes the configuration of the Graph & Table application windows and provides basic information about its menus and commands.

Starting Up the Graph & Table Application

Use the following procedure to start up the Graph & Table application.

uClassPad Operation On the application menu, tap T.

This starts the Graph & Table application and displays the Graph Editor window and the Graph window.

Graph & Table Application Window

When you start up the Graph & Table application, two windows appear on the display: the Graph Editor window and the Graph window.

3-1-1 Graph & Table Application Overview

A Graph Editor sheet can contain up to 20 functions. You can have up to 100 functions stored in the Graph Editor at one time. Functions stored in the Graph Editor can be graphed on the Graph window.

The Graph window and Table window have a message box along the bottom that can display expressions and values, or be used for input and editing.

Graph Editor window

Graph window

Message box

Line numbers

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You can also use a function on the Graph Editor window to generate a number table or a summary table. Number tables and summary tables are displayed in a Table window.

The Graph Editor window or Graph window is hidden in the background while the Table window is displayed. The Graph & Table application always displays two windows at the same time.

Graph & Table Application Menus and Buttons

This section explains the operations you can perform using the Graph & Table application menus and buttons. For information about the O menu, see Using the O Menu on page 1-5-4.

kGraph Editor Window Menus and Buttons

3-1-2 Graph & Table Application Overview

To do this: Tap this Or select this button: menu item:

Cut the selected character string and place it onto the Edit - Cut

clipboard

Copy the selected character string to the clipboard Edit - Copy

Paste the contents of the clipboard at the current cursor Edit - Paste

position in the Graph Editor window

Select the entire expression you are editing Edit - Select All

Clear all of the expressions from the Graph Editor window Edit - Clear All

Table window

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To do this: Tap this Or select this button: menu item:

Input a rectangular coordinate type function d Type - y= Type

Input a polar coordinate type function f Type - r= Type

Input a parametric function g Type - ParamType

Input an X equality h Type - x= Type

j Type - y> Type

Input a rectangular coordinate type inequality l Type - y< Type

' Type - yt Type

X Type - ys Type

k Type - x> Type

Input an X inequality ; Type - x< Type

Z Type - xt Type

C Type - xs Type

Save all of the expressions on the Graph Editor window GMem - Store

Recall batch saved data to the Graph Editor window GMem - Recall

Use a built-in function for input a - Built-In

Delete all of the expressions on the active sheet a - Sheet - Clear Sheet

Return all sheet names to their initial defaults a - Sheet - Default Name

Graph the selected function(s) $

Generate a table for the selected function #

Generate a summary table for the selected function 4

Delete the selected function(s) q

Display the View Window dialog box to configure Graph 6

O - Settings - window settings View Window

Display the Table Input dialog box for configuring settings 8

Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1) 5 O - Settings - Variable Manager

Save the current expression data (y1=, y2=, etc.) to ClassPad memory

{

3-1-3 Graph & Table Application Overview

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kGraph Window Menus and Buttons

To do this: Tap this Or select this button: menu item:

Cut the character string selected in the message box Edit - Cutand place it onto the clipboard

Copy the character string selected in the message box Edit - Copyto the clipboard

Paste the contents of the clipboard at the current cursor Edit - Pasteposition in the message box

Select all of the text in the message box Edit - Select All

Clear all of the Graph window contents Edit - Clear All

Enlarge the part of the screen bounded by a box Q Zoom - Box

Specify a zoom factor Zoom - Factor

Zoom in by the zoom factor Zoom - Zoom In

Zoom out by the zoom factor Zoom - Zoom Out

Configure View Window y-axis parameters and redraw R Zoom - Auto

the graph so it fills the graph screen along the y-axis

Return a graph to its original size Zoom - Original

Adjust View Window x-axis values so they are identical Zoom - Squareto the y-axis values

Round coordinate values displayed using Trace Zoom - Round(page 3-7-1)

Make the value of each dot equal 1, which makes all Zoom - Integercoordinate values integers

Return View Window parameters to their settings prior Zoom - Previousto the last zoom operation

Zoom - Quick Initialize

Zoom - Quick Trig

Zoom - Quick log(x)

Perform a quick zoom operation (page 3-2-9) Zoom - Quick e^x

Zoom - Quick x^2

Zoom - Quick x^2

Zoom - Quick Standard

3-1-4 Graph & Table Application Overview

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To do this: Tap this Or select this button: menu item:

Display the coordinates at a particular point on a graph = Analysis - Trace

Insert a point, graphic, or text into an existing graph Analysis - Sketch(page 3-6-1)

Obtain the root (x-intercept) of a graph Y Analysis - G-Solve - Root

Obtain the maximum value of a graph U Analysis - G-Solve - Max

Obtain the minimum value of a graph I Analysis - G-Solve - Min

Obtain the y-intercept of a graph Analysis - G-Solve - y-Intercept

Obtain the point of intersection for two graphs Analysis - G-Solve - Intersect

Obtain the y-coordinate for a given x-coordinate Analysis - G-Solve - y-Cal

Obtain the x-coordinate for a given y-coordinate Analysis - G-Solve - x-Cal

Obtain the definite integral for a particular range Analysis - G-Solve - dx

Obtain the point of inflection Analysis - G-Solve - Inflection

Obtain the distance between two points Analysis - G-Solve - Distance

Obtain the volume of a solid of revolution Analysis - G-Solve - (f (x))2 dx

Modify a graph by changing the value of a coefficient - Analysis - Modify

Save a graph as image data (page 3-2-10) a - Store Picture

Recall the image of a graph (page 3-2-10) a - Recall Picture

Display the Graph Controller dialog box (page 3-5-4) a - Graph Controller

Use a built-in function template to input a function for graphing

a - Built-In Note that built-in functions cannot be used for input

on the Graph Editor window.

Re-draw a graph a - ReDraw

Generate a number table for an existing graph #

Generate a summary table for an existing graph 4

Make the Graph Editor window active !

3-1-5 Graph & Table Application Overview

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To do this: Tap this Or select this button: menu item:

Display the View Window dialog box to configure Graph 6

O - Settings - window settings View Window

Display the Table Input dialog box for configuring settings 8

Pan the Graph window T

Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1) 5 O - Settings - Variable Manager

kTable Window Menus and Buttons

To do this: Tap this Or select this button: menu item:

Cut the character string selected in the message box Edit - Cutand place it onto the clipboard

Copy the character string selected in the message box Edit - Copyto the clipboard

Paste the contents of the clipboard at the current cursor Edit - Pasteposition in the message box

Select all of the text in the message box Edit - Select All

Clear all of the Table window contents Edit - Clear All

Delete a line from a table T-Fact - Delete

Insert a line into a table T-Fact - Insert

Add a line after the currently selected line T-Fact - Add

Draw a connect type graph using a generated table $ Graph - G-Connect

Draw a plot type graph using a generated table ! Graph - G-Plot

Save the contents of a table to a list a - Table to List

Re-generate a table based on current table settings a - ReTable

Delete the displayed table a - Delete Table

Move the pointer to the location on a graph that a - Linkcorresponds to the value selected in a table

Make the Graph Editor window active !

Display the View Window dialog box to configure Graph 6

O - Settings - window settings View Window

Display the Table Input dialog box for configuring settings 8

Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1) 5 O - Settings - Variable Manager

3-1-6 Graph & Table Application Overview

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3-1-7 Graph & Table Application Overview

Graph & Table Application Status Bar

The status bar at the bottom of the Graph & Table application shows the current angle unit setting and [Complex Format] setting (page 14-3-2).

Graph & Table Application Basic Operations

This section explains how to input a function on the Graph Editor window and then graph it on the Graph window. These are the most basic operations you can perform with the Graph & Table application.

kFunction Storage and Graphing Example This example shows how to input two functions on Sheet 1 of the Table & Graph application, and then draw their graphs.

Tip The Graph Editor window has five sheets, named Sheet 1 through Sheet 5, for input of

expressions. For more information, see Using Graph Editor Sheets on page 3-3-1.

Angle unit Real mode

If you see this: It means this:

Rad The angle unit setting is radians.

Deg The angle unit setting is degrees.

Cplx The Complex (complex number calculation) mode is selected.

Real The Real (real number calculation) mode is selected.

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Example 1: To input the function y = 3x2 on Sheet 1 and graph it

uClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap T.

This starts the Graph & Table application.

(2) In the Graph Editor window, tap the input box immediately to the right of line number y1.

This locates the cursor in the input box for line y1.

3-1-8 Graph & Table Application Overview

(3) Input the expression.

3x{2E Pressing E stores the expression you input and puts a check mark into the check

box to the left of line number y1. When a line number has a check mark next to it, it means that the expression is currently selected for graphing.

When you input an expression, the line style that will be used for the graph will appear here. See page 3-3-8 for information about configuring line settings.

Hint: Tap the line that is circled above!

Cursor

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3-1-9 Graph & Table Application Overview

(4) Tap $.

This graphs the expression.

The expression is displayed in the message box while the graph is being drawn.

Tip The Graph window message box is for both input and output. It displays information about the

function and other information. You can also use it to edit the function, which causes the graph to change shape. Details about the information that appears in the message box and how to use the message box are covered on page 1-6-8.

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Example 2: To input the function r = 3sin2 into line 2 of Sheet 1 and graph it

In Example 1, we graphed a rectangular expression in the form of y = f(x). You can also input polar coordinate expressions, inequalities, and other types of functions for graphing as well. In this example, we input and graph the polar coordinate expression r = 3sin2. Note that the following sample procedure assumes that you have already completed the steps for Example 1.

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap anywhere inside of the Graph Editor window to make it active.

(2) Tap the down arrow next to y =, or on the menu tap [Type]. On the list that appears, tap r =.

This causes the line numbers next to any line on the Graph Editor window that does not contain an expression to change from y to r (r2, r3, etc.). The line numbers of lines that already contain expressions do not change.

(3) Tap the input box to the right of line number r2 and input the expression.

k9dTsc8)w

Tapping w stores the expression you input and puts a check mark into the check box to the left of line number r2. When a line number has a check mark next to it, it means that the expression is currently selected for graphing.

3-1-10 Graph & Table Application Overview

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3-1-11 Graph & Table Application Overview

(4) Tap $.

Since there are check marks next to both y1 and r2, both expressions are graphed.

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3-2-1 Using the Graph Window

3-2 Using the Graph Window This section explains Graph window operations, including configuring display settings, scrolling, zooming the image, and more.

Configuring View Window Parameters for the Graph Window

The View Window dialog box lets you specify the maximum and minimum values for each axis, the space between the marks on each axis (the scale), and other graph display parameters. Before drawing a graph, be sure to first configure View Window parameters to ensure proper display of the graph.

u To configure View Window parameters (1) On the application menu, tap T.

(2) Tap 6, or tap O, [Settings] and then [View Window].

This displays the View Window dialog box.

(3) Configure View Window parameters required for the type of graph you want to draw.

Press c to move the cursor and then input an appropriate value for each parameter.

Rectangular Coordinates

Use this item: To configure this View Window parameter: xmin xmax xscale xdot ymin ymax yscale ydot

x-axis minimum value x-axis maximum value x-axis marker spacing Value of each dot on the x-axis y-axis minimum value y-axis maximum value y-axis marker spacing Value of each dot on the y-axis

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3-2-2 Using the Graph Window

Polar Coordinates and Parametric Coordinates

To select this type of graph: x-log graph

y-log graph

xy-log graph

Do this: Select the x-log check box. This automatically sets xdot and xscale to Undefined.

Select the y-log check box. This automatically sets ydot and yscale to Undefined.

Select the x-log check box and the y-log check box. This automatically sets xdot, xscale, ydot, and yscale to Undefined.

Use this item: t min t max t step

To configure this View Window parameter: Minimum value of t Maximum value of t Step size of t

(4) After all the parameters are the way you want, tap [OK].

Tip When you tap [OK] after changing View Window dialog box settings while the Graph window is

active, the graph is redrawn automatically using the new View Window settings.

If the Graph window is not active, tapping [OK] closes the View Window dialog box without redrawing the graph. To redraw the graph in this case, tap $ on the Graph Editor window.

You can also use the rectangular coordinate View Window dialog box to select x-log graph, y-log graph, or xy-log graph.

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u View Window parameter precautions An error occurs if you input 0 for tstep.

An error also occurs if you input a value that is out of range for a parameter, if you input a minus sign only, or if you perform any other illegal input.

An error occurs if ymin is greater than or equal to the ymax. The same is also of the xmin and xmax. If the value you specify for tmin is greater than the value you specify for tmax, the tstep setting is automatically changed to a negative value.

When the View Window setting produces an axis that does not fit on the display, the scale of the axis is indicated on the edge of the display closest to the origin.

Changing the xmin (ymin) or xmax (ymax) value automatically changes the xdot (ydot) value, while changing the xdot (ydot) value automatically changes the xmax (ymax) value.

u To initialize View Window parameters (1) On the application menu, tap T.

(2) Tap 6. This displays the View Window dialog box.

(3) Tap [Memory] and then [Initial]. This initializes View Window parameters to the values noted below.

xmin = 7.7 xmax = 7.7 xscale = 1 xdot = 0.1

ymin = 3.8 ymax = 3.8 yscale = 1 ydot = 0.1

tmin = 0 tmax = 6.28318530717 tstep = 0.05235987755

u To initialize the View Window for an angle unit (1) On the application menu, tap T.

(2) Tap 6. This displays the View Window dialog box.

(3) Tap [Memory] and then [Trigonometric]. This initializes View Window parameters in accordance with the angle unit, as shown below.

(Setup: Radian)

xmin = 9.4247779607 xmax = 9.42477796076

xscale = 1.57079632679 xdot = 0.12239971377

ymin = 1.6 ymax = 1.6

yscale = 0.5 ydot = 0.04210526315

tmin = 0 tmax = 6.28318530717

tstep = 0.05235987755

(Setup: Degree)

xmin = 540 xmax = 540 xscale = 90 xdot = 7.01298701298

ymin = 1.6 ymax = 1.6 yscale = 0.5 ydot = 0.04210526315

tmin = 0 tmax = 360 tstep = 3

3-2-3 Using the Graph Window

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3-2-4 Using the Graph Window

u To standardize the View Window (1) On the application menu, tap T.

(2) Tap 6. This displays the View Window dialog box.

(3) Tap [Memory] and then [Standard]. This applies the standard View Window parameters shown below.

xmin = 10 xmax = 10 xscale = 1 xdot = 0.12987012987

ymin = 10 ymax = 10 yscale = 1 ydot = 0.26315789473

tmin = 0 tmax= 6.28318530717 tstep = 0.05235987755

u To auto configure View Window parameters (1) On the application menu, tap T.

(2) Tap 6. This displays the View Window dialog box.

(3) Tap [Memory] and then [Undefined]. This causes View Window parameters to be configured automatically in accordance with the function on the Graph Editor window.

When multiple expressions are selected for graphing, the one with the lowest numbered line is used for auto setting of View Window parameters.

Tip Initializing or standardizing View Window parameters causes polar/parametric coordinate values

tmin, tmax, and tstep to be adjusted automatically in accordance with the currently selected angle unit. In the Degree mode, for example, the following settings are configured: tmin = 0, tmax = 360, tstep = 3

kUsing View Window Memory You can store your custom View Window settings for later use.

u To save the current View Window setup (1) On the application menu, tap T.

(2) Tap 6.

(3) On the View Window dialog box, configure the parameters you want.

(4) Tap [Memory] and then [Store]. This displays a dialog box for inputting a name for the View Window setup.

(5) Enter the name and then tap [OK].

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3-2-5 Using the Graph Window

u To recall a setup from View Window memory (1) On the application menu, tap T.

(2) Tap 6. This displays the View Window dialog box.

(3) Tap [Memory] and then [Recall]. This displays a list of names of the View Window setups you have stored in memory.

(4) Select the name of the setup you want, and then tap [OK].

Tip Recalling a View Window setup causes the current View Window parameters to be replaced by

the parameters of the recalled setup.

Scrolling the Graph Window

After drawing a graph, you can use either of the two operations to scroll it up, down, left, or right.

Tap the graph controller arrows at the edges of the Graph window.

Use the cursor key.

Tip You can also use the graph controller arrows and cursor key to change the configuration of a

graph. For details, see 3-5 Modifying a Graph.

Panning the Graph Window

Placing the stylus against the Graph window and dragging causes the window to scroll automatically in the direction you drag.

Graph controller arrows

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3-2-6 Using the Graph Window

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap the Graph window to make it active.

(2) Tap T.

(3) Holding the stylus anywhere against the Graph window, drag it in the direction you want.

This causes the Graph window to scroll automatically in accordance with the dragging.

(4) When the Graph window shows the area you want, remove the stylus from the display.

This causes the graph to be redrawn on the Graph window.

Zooming the Graph Window

Your ClassPad provides you with a wide selection of zoom commands that you can use to enlarge or reduce an entire graph or a specific area of a graph.

kZoom Commands The Graph windows [Zoom] menu contains the zoom commands described in the table below.

Zoom Command Description

Box

Factor Zoom In Zoom Out

Auto

Original

Square

Round

With box zoom, you draw a selection boundary around the area you would like to enlarge. This causes the selected area to be enlarged so it fills the entire graph display.

Factor zoom lets you specify a zoom factor for enlarging or reducing a graph. Use the [Factor] command to configure zoom factor settings, the [Zoom In] command to zoom in, and the [Zoom Out] command to zoom out.

Auto zoom automatically configures View Window y-axis values and redraws the graph so it fills the Graph window along the y-axis.

Return a graph to its original View Window settings Executing this command adjusts View Window x-axis values so that they are identical to the y-axis values.

Round View Window settings (xmin, xmax, xdot) to an appropriate number of decimal places and redraw the graph.

This command makes the value of each dot equal 1 which makes all

After T is tapped While panning

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3-2-7 Using the Graph Window

u To use box zoom

Example: To use box zoom to enlarge part of the graph y = (x + 5)(x + 4)(x + 3)

(1) On the application menu, tap T.

(2) On the Graph Editor window, input y = (x + 5)(x + 4)(x + 3).

For details about how to input an expression, see Function Storage and Graphing Example on page 3-1-7 and 3-3 Storing Functions.

(3) Tap $ to graph the functions.

(4) Tap [Zoom] and then [Box], or tap Q.

(5) On the Graph window, drag the stylus to draw a selection boundary around the area you want to enlarge.

(6) Remove the stylus from the display and the area within the selection boundary expands to fill the entire Graph window.

Box Zoom Result

Zoom Command Description

Integer

Previous

Quick Initialize Quick Trig Quick log (x) Quick e^x Quick x^2 Quick x^2 Quick Standard

This command makes the value of each dot equal 1, which makes all coordinate values integers.

Performing a zoom operation changes View Window parameter values. Execute this command to return View Window parameters to their settings prior to the last zoom operation.

These seven quick zoom commands cause the graph to be redrawn using preset View Window parameter values (page 3-2-9).

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3-2-8 Using the Graph Window

u To use factor zoom

Example: To enlarge the graphs of the following two expressions, by a factor of 5 in both directions, to determine whether they come into contact with each other

y1 = (x + 4)(x + 1)(x 3)

y2 = 3x + 22

(1) On the application menu, tap T.

(2) On the Graph Editor window, input y1 = (x + 4)(x + 1)(x 3) and y2 = 3x + 22.

For details about how to input an expression, see Function Storage and Graphing Example on page 3-1-7 and 3-3 Storing Functions.

(3) Tap 6 to display the View Window, and then configure it with the following parameters.

xmin = 8, xmax = 8, xscale = 1

ymin = 30, ymax = 30, yscale = 5

See To configure View Window parameters on page 3-2-1.

(4) Tap $ to graph the functions.

(5) Tap [Zoom] and then [Factor].

This displays a dialog box for configuring x- and y-axis zoom factor settings.

(6) Input 5 for both the xFactor and yFactor, and then tap [OK].

(7) Tap T, and then use the stylus to drag the screen image so the part you want to zoom is in the center of the screen.

(8) Tap [Zoom] and then [Zoom In].

Factor Zoom Result

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3-2-9 Using the Graph Window

kUsing Quick Zoom The seven quick zoom commands draw a graph using preset built-in View Window parameter values.

View Window Parameter Values Command

Quick Initialize

Quick Trig

Quick log (x) Quick e^x Quick x^2 Quick x^2 Quick Standard

xmin xmax xscale ymin ymax yscale 7.7 7.7 1 3.8 3.8 1

9.424 (3)

9.424 (3)

1.570 (/2)

1.6 1.6 0.5

2 13.4 2 3.8 3.8 1 2.2 2.2 1 1.4 9 1 7.7 7.7 2 10 66 5 7.7 7.7 2 66 10 5 10 10 1 10 10 1

The applicable set of View Window parameter values is applied as soon as you select a quick zoom command on the Graph windows [Zoom] menu.

Tip Any View Window parameter that is not shown in the above table is unchanged when you

execute a quick zoom command.

When the angle unit setting is degrees, Quick Trig configures the following values.

xmin = 540, xmax = 540, xscale = 90

ymin = 1.6, ymax = 1.6, yscale = 0.5

kUsing Other Zoom Menu Commands The [Auto], [Original], [Square], [Round], [Integer], and [Previous] zoom commands are executed as soon as you tap one of them on the Graph windows [Zoom] menu. For information about what each command does, see Zoom Commands on page 3-2-6.

Tip For auto zoom, you can tap the R button instead of using the [Zoom] - [Auto] menu command.

With Integer Zoom, tap T and then use the stylus to drag the screen image so the part you want to zoom is in the center of the screen.

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3-2-10 Using the Graph Window

Other Graph Window Operations

This section explains how to save a screenshot of the Graph Window, how to redraw a graph, how to make the Graph Editor Window the active window.

kSaving a Screenshot of a Graph Use the following procedures to save a screenshot of a graph as image data for later recall.

u To save a screenshot of a graph (1) On the application menu, tap T.

(2) Draw the graph you want to save.

(3) Tap a and then [Store Picture]. This displays a dialog box for inputting a name for the screenshot.

(4) Enter the name and then tap [OK].

u To recall a screenshot of a graph (1) On the application menu, tap T.

(2) Tap the Graph window to make it active.

(3) Tap a and then [Recall Picture]. This displays a list of names of graph images you have stored in memory.

(4) Select the name of the image you want, and then tap [OK].

kRedrawing a Graph Use the following procedure to redraw a graph when necessary.

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap the Graph window to make it active.

(2) Tap a and then [ReDraw].

While the Graph Editor window is active, you can redraw the graph by tapping $.

Important! Use the a - [ReDraw] command to redraw a graph that you drew by dragging an

expression from another window to the Graph window (see 2-9 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications), or a graph you modified using some Sketch menu (see 3-6 Using the Sketch Menu). After deleting the redrawn graph, you can redraw the graph of the expression selected on the Graph Editor window by tapping [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Cls].

kMaking the Graph Editor Window the Active Window While the Graph window is active, you can make the Graph Editor window the active window by tapping anywhere inside of it or by tapping !.

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3-3 Storing Functions Use the Graph Editor window to store a Graph & Table application function. This section covers Graph Editor operations, and explains how to store functions.

Using Graph Editor Sheets

The Graph Editor window has five tabbed sheets named Sheet 1 through Sheet 5, each of which can contain up to 20 functions. You can have up to 100 functions stored in the Graph Editor at one time. You can graph up to 20 functions simultaneously, as long as all of the functions are on the same sheet.

kSelecting a Sheet Use the operations described below to change from one sheet to another.

3-3-1 Storing Functions

kRenaming a Sheet Initially, the fives sheets are assigned default names from Sheet 1 through Sheet 5. You can use these sheet names as they are, or you can perform the steps below to rename a sheet.

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap the tab of the sheet you want to rename so that sheet becomes active.

(2) Tap the tab of the active sheet again.

This displays a dialog box for inputting a sheet name.

(3) Enter up to 8 bytes for the sheet name, and then tap [OK].

Tap the tab of the sheet you want to select. The currently selected sheet is the active sheet.

Tap here to scroll the tabs so the ones that do not fit on the current window come into view.

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kReturning Sheets to Their Default Names The procedure below returns the sheet names to their initial default names (Sheet 1 through Sheet 5).

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap the Graph Editor window to make it active.

(2) Tap a, [Sheet], and then [Default Name].

This returns the currently active sheet to its default name.

k Initializing a Sheet The following procedure initializes a sheet, which clears all of its functions and renames the sheet to its default name.

uClassPad Operation (1) If the sheet you want to initialize is not active, tap its tab.

(2) Tap a, [Sheet], and then [Clear Sheet].

(3) In response to the confirmation message that appears, tap [OK] to initialize the sheet or [Cancel] to cancel the operation.

For details about editing and deleting individual functions, see Editing Stored Functions on page 3-3-6.

You can delete all expressions on all of the sheets by tapping [Edit] and then [Clear All]. For more information, see Deleting All Graph Editor Expressions on page 3-3-7.

Specifying the Function Type

When storing a Graph & Table application function, the first thing you need to do is specify the function type. The following table lists all of the function types that you can select.

3-3-2 Storing Functions

y = Rectangular coordinate expression Polar coordinate expression Parametric expressions X = expression

Inequality

r = xt/yt = x = y > y < y y x > x < x x

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uClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap T.

(2) On the Graph Editor window, tap the down arrow next to y =, or tap [Type].

(3) On the list that appears, tap the function type you want to select.

Storing a Function

This section presents a number of examples that illustrate how to store a Graph & Table application function.

u To store a rectangular coordinate function (Y=)

Example: To store the rectangular coordinate function y = 2x 2 5 in line number y1

(1) On the Graph Editor window, tap [Type] and then [y=Type] to specify a rectangular coordinate expression.

(2) Tap the box to the right of line number y1, and then input the expression: 2x{ 2-5.

(3) Press E to store the expression.

u To store a polar coordinate equation (r=)

Example: To store the polar coordinate equation r = 5sin3 in line number r2

(1) On the Graph Editor window, tap [Type] and then [r=Type] to specify a polar coordinate expression.

(2) Tap the box to the right of line number r2, and then input the expression: k9fTsd8).

(3) Tap w to store the expression.

u To store parametric functions

Example: To store the parametric functions below in line numbers xt3/yt3 xt = 3sint yt = 3cost

(1) On the Graph Editor window, tap [Type] and then [ParamType] to specify parametric expressions.

(2) Tap the box to the right of line number xt3, and then input the x-expression: k9dTst)w.

(3) Tap the box to the right of line number yt3, and then input the y-expression: 9dct)w.

3-3-3 Storing Functions

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u To store an x = equation

Example: To store x = 3y in line x4

(1) On the Graph Editor window, tap [Type] and then [x=Type] to specify an x = equation.

(2) Tap the box to the right of line number x4, and then input the equation: 3y.

(3) Press E to store the equation.

u To store an inequality

Example: To store the inequality y > x2 2x 6 in line y5

(1) On the Graph Editor window, tap [Type] and then [y>Type] to specify an inequality expression.

(2) Tap the box to the right of line number y5, and then input the expression: x{2-2x-6.

(3) Press E to store the expression.

Tip An error message appears if you enter an expression that does not fit the function type. Either

input the new function into a different line or delete the current function and then change the type before re-inputting the function.

You can change the equality/inequality sign of an x-type (x =, x>, x<, xt, xs) or y-type (y =, y>, y<, yt, ys) expression after you input it. Simply tap the current equality/inequality sign.

3-3-4 Storing Functions

On the Type dialog box that appears, select the sign you want and then tap [OK].

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Using Built-in Functions

Your ClassPad is pre-programmed with the commonly used functions listed below. You can recall a built-in function, save it to an Graph Editor sheet, assign values to its coefficients, and graph the results.

y = ax + b y = ax^2 + bx + c y = ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d y = asin (bx + c) + d y = acos (bx + c) + d y = atan (bx + c) + d y = alog (bx + c) + d y = aln (bx + c) + d y = ae^(bx + c) + d y = a^(bx + c) + d y = a /(bx + c) + d

uClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap T.

(2) On the Graph Editor window, select the sheet and the line where you want to store the built-in function.

(3) Tap a and then [Built-In].

(4) On the menu that appears, tap the built-in function you want to select.

This displays a dialog box for assigning values to the coefficients. The actual coefficients that appear (a through d) depend on the built-in function you selected.

(5) Assign values to each coefficient.

(6) Tap [OK].

Saving the Message Box Expression to the Graph Editor Window

You can save the expression currently displayed in the Graph window message box to the Graph Editor window. This capability comes in handy when you want to save an expression that appears in the message box while you are using the sketch function (see 3-6 Using the Sketch Menu).

Note The following are the steps you should perform after an expression is stored in the

message box of the Graph window.

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u To save an expression from the message box to the Graph Editor window (1) Tap the Graph window to make it active.

(2) Perform a Trace operation (see 3-7 Using Trace) or any other operation that causes the message box to appear.

(3) Drag the stylus across the expression in the message box to select it.

(4) Tap G.

(5) Tap the Graph Editor window to make it active.

(6) Select the sheet and tap the line where you want to save the expression, which moves the cursor there.

(7) Tap [Edit] and then [Paste].

(8) Press E to store the expression.

Tip You can also drag the expression from the message box to the Graph Editor window. In this case,

you must drop the expression into a line on the Graph Editor window that does not already contain an expression.

Editing Stored Functions

u To edit a function

Example: To edit the function stored in line y2 of the Graph Editor to

(1) On the Graph Editor window, tap line y2.

(2) Tap the area immediately to the right of the numerator of so the cursor is located there.

(3) Press K and then 2 to edit the fraction.

(4) Press E to store the edited version of the function.

u To delete a function (1) On the Graph Editor window, select the sheet that contains the function you want to

delete.

(2) Tap the function you want to delete so the cursor is located anywhere inside it.

(3) Tap q.

This deletes the selected function.

3-3-6 Storing Functions

1 y = x2 x3

32 y = x2 x3

3

1 3

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Deleting All Graph Editor Expressions

Use the following procedure to delete all of the expressions on all Graph Editor sheets, and initialize all of the sheet names.

(1) On the Graph Editor window, tap [Edit] and then [Clear All].

(2) In response to the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to delete all expressions and initialize sheet names. To cancel the operation without deleting or initializing anything, tap [Cancel].

Graphing a Stored Function

You can select multiple functions and graph them simultaneously, as long as all of the functions are on the same sheet. You can turn graphing of each function on or off, and even specify the line style to be used for each function.

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap the tab of the sheet that contains the functions you want to graph to make it active.

If the functions you want to graph are on Sheet 2, for example, tap the [Sheet 2] tab.

(2) Select the check boxes of all the functions you want to graph, and clear the check boxes of all the functions you do not want to graph. See Specifying the Function You Want to Graph on page 3-3-8 for more information.

(3) You can tap the current line style given to specify another style, if you want. See Specifying the Graph Line Style on page 3-3-8 for more information.

(4) Tap $ to graph.

3-3-7 Storing Functions

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kSpecifying the Function You Want to Graph On the Graph Editor window, you can select one or more functions for graphing by selecting their check boxes. The functions whose check boxes are cleared are not graphed.

This check box is selected, so the function next to it will be graphed when you tap $. If you do not want to graph this function, tap the check box to clear it.

Each time you tap a check box, it toggles between being selected (checked) and cleared (unchecked).

kSpecifying the Graph Line Style You can specify one of the six line styles shown below for each function on the Graph Editor window.

Normal .......................... Thick ............................. Broken Thick ................ Square Plot Type .......... Cross Plot Type ............ Dot Plot Type ................

The currently selected line style appears in the line style area next to each function.

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap the line style next to the function whose line style you want to specify. This displays

the Graph Plot Type dialog box.

3-3-8 Storing Functions

Line style area

Check box

(2) Select the line style you want, and then tap [OK].

A preview of the line style you select appears in the line style area next to the function.

To graph the function using the selected line style, tap $.

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kQuick Graphing of an Expression Using Drag and Drop You can use the following procedure to graph a single function, even when you have multiple functions selected on the Graph Editor window.

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap the tab of the sheet that contains the function you want to graph to make it active.

(2) Drag the function you want to graph to the Graph window.

Tip The above drag and drop procedure can be used to graph a function, regardless of whether the

functions check box is selected or cleared.

When you quick graph a function using drag and drop, the function is always treated as a y= expression, regardless of the graph type specified for the function.

Up to 30 of the graphs you draw in the Graph window are stored in memory as you draw them. This includes graphs drawn from Graph Editor window functions, graphs drawn using the Sketch functions (Tangent, Normal, Inverse), and graphs drawn using the drag and drop operation described above. Though you can draw more than 30 graphs at one time, any graphs after the 30th are not stored in memory.

All of the Graph window graphs that are currently stored in memory are redrawn when you scroll the Graph window or tap the [ReDraw] command on the a menu. Since only 30 graphs are stored in memory, anything drawn after the 30th graph is not redrawn. Keep this limitation in mind when you draw a large number of graphs at the same time.

Saving Graph Editor Data to Graph Memory

Graph memory lets you store all of the expressions and their related information to a file for later recall. Each graph memory file contains the following data:

Functions on all five Graph Editor sheets (up to 100 functions) Whether the check box next to each function is selected (checked) or cleared (unchecked) The line style of each function The graph type of each function The View Window settings Which sheet is currently active Sheet names

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3-3-10 Storing Functions

u To save Graph Editor data to graph memory (1) Tap the Graph Editor window to make it active.

(2) Tap [GMem] and then [Store]. This displays a dialog box for inputting a name for the graph memory file.

(3) Enter the name and then tap [OK].

u To recall a graph memory file (1) Tap [GMem] and then [Recall]. This displays a list of names of graph memory files you

have stored in memory.

(2) Select the name of the graph memory file you want, and then tap [OK].

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3-4 Using Table & Graph The Graph & Table application includes a Table window for displaying number tables and summary tables generated with the functions you input on the Graph Editor window.

Generating a Number Table

You can use either of the following two methods to generate a number table using a Graph & Table application function. The method used to generate the number table depends on the setting of the Basic Format dialog box [Table Variable] item.

For details about Basic Format settings, see 14-3 Setup Menu Settings.

u Specifying a range of values for x using the Table Input dialog box This is the initial default number table generation method. With this method, you use the Table Input dialog box to specify a range of values for variable x, and then generate a number table for those values. This number table generation method is in effect whenever Table Input is selected for the [Table Variable] setting.

3-4-1 Using Table & Graph

uAssigning list values to x With this number table generation method, you must first use the List Editor to create a list and store the list data. To access the List Editor, tap O and then [List Editor].

For details about using the List Editor, see Chapter 7.

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u To generate a number table by specifying a range of values for x using the Table Input dialog box

Example: To generate a number table for the function y = 3x2 2 as the value of x changes from 3 to 1 in increments of 1

(1) On the application menu, tap T.

(2) In line y1 of the Graph Editor window, input and save y = 3x2 2.

(3) Tap 8. This displays the Table Input dialog box.

(4) Input the following values for the x-values of your table, and then tap [OK].

(5) Tap #.

This generates the number table and displays the result on the Table window.

3-4-2 Using Table & Graph

The derivative is also included in the number table when the Graph Format Derivative/ Slope check box is selected.

Tip The above operation is possible only when Table Input (which is the initial default) is selected

for the Basic Format dialog box [Table Variable] item.

You can specify the width of table cells using the [Cell Width Pattern] on the Basic Format dialog box (page 14-3-3).

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u To generate a number table by assigning list values to x (1) Create and save the list of values to be assigned.

list1 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

(2) In line y1 of the Graph & Table application Graph Editor window, input and save y = 3x2 2.

(3) Specify the list that contains the values you want to assign to x (list1 in this example).

You can configure list data settings using the Basic Format dialog box. For details about Basic Format settings, see 14-3 Setup Menu Settings.

(4) On the Graph Editor window, tap the function you want to use for number table generation (y1 in this example).

(5) Tap #.

This generates the number table and displays the result on the Table window.

3-4-3 Using Table & Graph

Tip The above operation is possible only when List (list1 through list6 or a list variable created by

you) is selected for the Basic Format dialog box [Table Variable] item. Note that Table Input is the default, so you need to change the [Table Variable] setting in order to generate a table using list values.

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kTable Generation Precautions Table generation is performed using the currently selected function that is of the current

function type selected on the Graph Editor window toolbar.

Though the selected current function type is y= in the above screenshot, there is no y= type function selected on the Graph Editor window. Tapping # to generate a table when the above condition exists causes the error message No Functions Selected to appear.

An inequality cannot be used to generate a table.

Editing Number Table Values

Changing an x-value in the number table automatically calculates and displays the corresponding y-value.

Example: To change the x-value in line 3 of the number table from 1 to 2.5 To generate a table, see To generate a number table by specifying a range of values for x using the Table Input dialog box on page 3-4-2.

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap the cell in line 3 of column x of the number

table to select it.

3-4-4 Using Table & Graph

(2) Perform the key operation: z2.5.

Pressing z causes the Enter Value dialog box to appear with a minus sign () in the [x-value] input box. Continue with the rest of the key operation to input the required value, and then tap [OK]. This changes the value in the selected cell to the one you input. The y-value is updated automatically in

accordance with the new x-value.

Current function type

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3-4-5 Using Table & Graph

Tip An error message appears and the number table contents are not changed if you enter an illegal

value for x (such as 6 0).

The data in a Y column (Y1, Y2, etc.) of a table cannot be modified.

Deleting, Inserting, and Adding Number Table Lines

You can use the following procedures to delete, insert, and add number table lines.

u To delete a number table line (1) Tap the x-value of the line you want to delete.

(2) Tap [T-Fact] and then [Delete].

This line will be deleted.

u To insert a number table line (1) Tap the x-value of the line below the location where

you want to insert a line.

(2) Tap [T-Fact] and then [Insert].

Inserted line The new line contains the same values as the one you selected in step (1).

The line will be inserted here.

After inserting a new line, you can edit the x-value, if you want. For more information, see Editing Number Table Values on page 3-4-4.

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3-4-6 Using Table & Graph

u To add a number table line (1) Tap the x-value of the bottom line of the number table.

(2) Tap [T-Fact] and then [Add].

After adding a new line, you can edit the x-value, if you want. For more information, see Editing Number Table Values on page 3-4-4.

You can add a line anywhere. When you add a line, it will appear after the line you selected.

Regenerating a Number Table

After changing [Table Input] settings, you can regenerate a table based on the new settings by tapping a and then [ReTable]. You can also use [ReTable] after editing the contents of a table to return the table to its original (pre-edited) state.

Added line The new line contains the same values as the bottom line of the number table.

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Generating a Number Table and Using It to Draw a Graph

After using a function to generate a number table, you can use the number table values to draw a graph. You can use number table values to draw two different types of graphs: a connect type graph on which points are connected by lines, or a plot type graph on which points are simply plotted, without being connected.

Example: To generate number tables for the functions y = 3x2 2 and y = x2 as the value of x changes from 3 to 3 in increments of 1, and then use the generated values to draw a graph

uClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap T.

(2) On the Graph Editor window, input 3x2 2 in line y1, and x2 in line y2.

(3) Tap 6 to display the View Window dialog box, and then configure it with the following parameters.

xmin = 3, xmax = 3, xscale = 1 ymin = 2, ymax = 10, yscale = 2

(4) Tap 8 to display the Table Input dialog box, and then configure it with the following settings.

Start: 3, End: 3, Step: 1

(5) Tap #.

This generates the number table and displays the result on the Table window.

3-4-7 Using Table & Graph

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(6) Specify the graph type.

To specify a connect type graph, tap [Graph] and then [G-Connect], or tap $. To specify a plot type graph, tap [Graph] and then [G-Plot], or tap !.

This draws the graph on the Graph window.

Saving a Number Table to a List

You can use the following procedure to save a particular column of a number table to a LIST variable.

uClassPad Operation (1) On the Table window select any cell in the column you want to save to a LIST variable.

To save column y1 in the window shown below, for example, select any cell in column y1.

3-4-8 Using Table & Graph

Connect Type Graph Plot Type Graph

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(2) Tap a and then [Table to List].

This displays a dialog box for specifying a variable name.

3-4-9 Using Table & Graph

(3) Enter the name you want to give to the variable, and then tap [OK].

This assigns the list of data you selected to a variable with the name you specified.

If the variable name you input has not been used yet for another variable, ClassPad creates a new variable. With some data types, if the variable name you input is already being used for an existing variable, the existing variable is replaced by the new one. For more information, see Variable Data Types on page 1-7-3.

Generating a Summary Table

You can use any of the three methods described below to generate a summary table from a function that has already been saved.

uAutomatic x-value settings This method automatically generates an ideal summary table for the function. This method uses View Window settings when generating the table.

uUsing View Window xmin and xmax values as the x-value settings With this method, you simply provide the upper and lower x-value limits, and your ClassPad generates the correct summary table for that range of values. This method uses View Window settings when generating the table.

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u Specifying all x-values This method generates a reference table by looking up data stored in a list. A LIST variable is used to specify the x-values. When using this method, it is up to you specify all of the correct x-values required to generate the summary table. The summary table will not be generated correctly if you provide incorrect x-values.

The following shows examples of each of the three available summary table generation methods by generating a table for the function y = x3 3x.

3-4-10 Using Table & Graph

x 1 0 1

f(x) + 0 3 0 +

f (x) 6 0 + 6 +

f (x) 2 0 2

Tip You can control whether or not the summary table should include an f (x) line (quadratic

differential component) using the [Summary Table f (x)] setting on the [Cell] tab of the Basic Format dialog box (page 14-3-3). Turning on the [Summary Table f (x)] option causes both linear differential components and quadratic differential components to be displayed in the summary table. Turning it off shows linear differential components only.

kGenerating a Summary Table Using Automatically Set x-Values With this method, the summary table is generated using a range of values from to .

uClassPad Operation (1) On the Basic Format dialog box, select View Window for the [Summary Table] setting,

and specify the value you want for [Cell Width Pattern]. This example uses a [Cell Width Pattern] setting of 4 Cells.

To open the Basic Format dialog box, tap O, [Settings], [Setup], and then [Basic Format].

For additional details about Basic Format settings, see 14-3 Setup Menu Settings.

(2) Input the function y = x3 3x on the Graph Editor window.

Generation of summary tables is supported for y= type functions only.

Clear the check boxes of all other functions on the Graph Editor window, if necessary. Select the check box next to y = x3 3x and press E.

If the check boxes of more than one y= type functions are selected, the one with the lowest line number (y1, y2, y3, etc.) is used for number table generation.

(3) Tap 6 to display the View Window dialog box.

Summary Table and Graph of y = x3 3x (The graph to the right is for reference only.)

2

1

2

1

2 1 1 2

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(4) Tap [Memory] and then [Undefined].

This causes all settings on the View Window dialog box to change to Undefined.

3-4-11 Using Table & Graph

(5) Tap the [OK] button to close the View Window dialog box.

(6) Tap 4.

This starts summary table generation, and displays the result on the Table window. Note that generation of a summary table can take a bit of time.

You can scroll the window to view all of the contents of the table.

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Tapping $ here graphs the function using the View Window settings automatically configured for summary table generation.

3-4-12 Using Table & Graph

Important! A monotone increasing function or other special function may not be solvable by the

ClassPads internal summary table calculation. If this happens, use the procedure under Generating a Summary Table by Specifying All of the Values for x (page 3-4-14) to calculate the elements of the summary table. In addition to View Window parameters, you can also select previously stored list data to specify the range of a summary table. On the Basic Format dialog box (displayed using the [Setup] menu), select the [Cell] tab, click the Summary Table down arrow button, and then select the name of the list you want to use on the menu that appears.

If you draw a graph or generate a summary table while Undefined is specified for View Window parameters, the ClassPad calculates appropriate parameters and configures View Window settings accordingly.

kGenerating a Summary Table Using View Window With this method, the summary table is generated using the range you define for the View Window xmin and xmax parameters.

uClassPad Operation (1) On the Basic Format dialog box, select View Window for the [Summary Table] setting,

and specify the value you want for [Cell Width Pattern]. This example uses a [Cell Width Pattern] setting of 4 Cells.

For details about Basic Format settings, see 14-3 Setup Menu Settings.

(2) Input the function y = x3 3x on the Graph Editor window.

Generation of summary tables is supported for y= type functions only.

Clear the check boxes of all other functions on the Graph Editor window, if necessary. Select the check box next to y = x3 3x and press E.

If the check boxes of more than one y= type functions are selected, the one with the lowest line number (y1, y2, y3, etc.) is used for number table generation.

(3) Tap 6 to display the View Window dialog box.

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For this example, we will specify xmin = 0.5 and xmax = 2.

(5) Tap the [OK] button to close the View Window dialog box.

(6) Tap 4.

This starts the summary table generation using the range you specified in step (4), and displays the result on the Table window.

(4) Specify the x-values for the summary table by specifying values for the [xmin] and [xmax] settings.

3-4-13 Using Table & Graph

Important! A monotone increasing function or other special function may not be solvable by the

ClassPads internal summary table calculation. If this happens, use the procedure under Generating a Summary Table by Specifying All of the Values for x (page 3-4-14) to calculate the elements of the summary table. In addition to View Window parameters, you can also select previously stored list data to specify the range of a summary table. On the Basic Format dialog box (displayed using the [Setup] menu), select the [Cell] tab, click the Summary Table down arrow button, and then select the name of the list you want to use on the menu that appears.

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kGenerating a Summary Table by Specifying All of the Values for x In both of the previous examples, summary table generation is performed using View Window settings to calculate values for x that satisfy the function f(x) = 0. With this table generation method, x-values are not calculated automatically. It is up to you to use a LIST variable to specify all of the x-values that appear in the summary table. In the example below, x-values will be stored in a LIST variable named list1, which is then used to generate a summary table.

uClassPad Operation (1) On the Basic Format dialog box, select list1 for the [Summary Table] setting, and

specify the value you want for [Cell Width Pattern]. This example uses a [Cell Width Pattern] setting of 4 Cells.

For details about Basic Format settings, see 14-3 Setup Menu Settings.

(2) Input the function y = x3 3x on the Graph Editor window.

Generation of summary tables is supported for y= type functions only.

Clear the check boxes of all other functions on the Graph Editor window, if necessary. Select the check box next to y = x3 3x and press E.

If the check boxes of more than one y= type functions are selected, the one with the lowest line number (y1, y2, y3, etc.) is used for number table generation.

(3) Tap O and then [List Editor] to display the List Editor window.

3-4-14 Using Table & Graph

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(5) Tap the Graph Editor window to make it active.

(6) Tap 4.

This starts summary table generation using the x-values you input in step (4), and displays the result on the Table window.

3-4-15 Using Table & Graph

Important! For the above method to correctly generate a summary table, you must have legal x-values

in the list assigned to the LIST variable. Note that an error occurs if the specified LIST variable is empty or does not exist.

Some functions may not be solvable by the ClassPads internal summary table calculation. When this happens, the Cant Solve! error message appears on the display.

Making the Graph Editor Window the Active Window

While the Table window is active, you can make the Graph Editor window the active window by tapping anywhere inside of it or by tapping !.

(4) Input the values you want to specify for x into list1.

Here, we will input the following values: x = 2, 1, 0, 1, 2.

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3-5 Modifying a Graph A graph can be modified in real time as you change its coefficients and/or the variables. The Graph & Table application provides you with two methods for modifying a graph.

Direct Modify

Direct Modify changes the coefficient in the equation of the original graph. This method can be used when you are modifying a single graph.

Dynamic Modify

Dynamic Modify changes the values assigned to common variables of multiple functions. Use Dynamic Modify when you want to modify multiple graphs at the same time.

Modifying a Single Graph by Changing the Value of a Coefficient (Direct Modify)

Use the following procedure to change the values of the coefficients of a function within a specific range to find out the effect the change has on the shape or position of the graph.

u To modify a single graph

Example: To graph the functions y = 2x2 + 3x 1 and y = 2x + 1, and then find out how a change in the coefficients of each function affects the shape and position of the graphs

Note Before starting the following procedure, check the Graph Format dialog box to make sure

that the [G-Controller] setting is turned on. For information about the Graph Format dialog box, see page 14-3-4.

uClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap T.

(2) Configure View Window parameters.

(3) On the Graph Editor window, input 2x2 + 3x 1 in line y1, and 2x + 1 in line y2.

(4) Tap $ to graph the functions.

(5) Tap -, or tap [Analysis] and then [Modify].

This causes Modify to appear on the Graph window and the y1 graph (2x2 + 3x 1) to become active, which is indicated by a thick graph line.

The function of the currently active graph is displayed in the Graph window message box.

(6) In the function displayed in the message box, select the coefficient you want to change.

3-5-1 Modifying a Graph

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3-5-2 Modifying a Graph

To do this: Tap the right graph controller arrow.

Tap the left graph controller arrow.

Do this:

Decrease the value of the coefficient

Increase the value of the coefficient

The initial increment of change is 1. You can use the Graph Controller dialog box described below to change the increment, if you want.

(7) Tap the left or right graph controller button to change the value of the coefficient you selected in step (6).

At this point, you could select other coefficients and change their values as well, if you want.

Step (6)

Tap . Tap .

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(8) To modify the y2 graph (2x + 1), tap the down graph controller arrow to make it the graph active.

You can use the up and down cursor keys or graph controller arrows to switch between the two graphs, as required.

Repeat steps (6) and (7) to modify the currently selected graph.

Tap . Tap .

3-5-3 Modifying a Graph

(9) To quit graph modification, tap on the icon panel.

This causes Modify to disappear from the display, returning to the normal Graph window.

kModifying the Increment of Change Value Use the following procedure to change the increment of change for the selected coefficient when you press the left or right cursor keys or tap the left or right graph controller arrows.

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap the Graph window to make it active.

(2) Tap a and then [Graph Controller]. This displays the Graph Controller dialog box.

(3) Input the value you want for the [Step] setting under [Dynamic ]'].

(4) Tap [Set].

Tip The other items on the Graph Controller dialog box are used when simultaneously modifying

multiple graphs, which is covered in the following section.

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Simultaneously Modifying Multiple Graphs by Changing Common Variables (Dynamic Modify)

Use the procedure below to change the values of up to two common variables used in multiple functions to simultaneously modify the graphs.

u To modify multiple graphs simultaneously

Example: To graph the functions y = ax2 b and y = ax + b, and then find out how a change in variable a from 1 to 4 and a change in variable b from 2 to 2 affect the shape and position of each graph

(1) On the application menu, tap T.

(2) Tap O and then J to display the Main application window.

Tip For details about using the Main application, see Chapter 2.

(3) Use the Main application work area to assign values to variables a and b (a = 1 and b = 2 in this example).

9VbW aw

cW bw

(4) Tap O and then [Close] to close the Main application window.

(5) Configure View Window parameters.

(6) On the Graph Editor window, input ax2 b in line y1, and ax + b in line y2.

(7) Tap $ to draw the graph.

(8) Tap a and then [Graph Controller]. This displays the Graph Controller dialog box.

(9) Configure the following settings on the Graph Controller dialog box.

3-5-4 Modifying a Graph

DescriptionSetting

Dynamic ]': a

Start: 1

End: 4

Step: 1

Dynamic `$: b

Start: 2

End: 2

Step: 1

Specifies a variable whose value is changed when you press the left or right cursor key, or tap the left or right graph controller arrow.

These items specify the upper limit (End) and lower limit (Start) of the range of change of the Dynamic ]' value.

Use this setting to specify the increment of change in the Dynamic ]' value when you press the left or right cursor key, or tap the left or right graph controller arrow.

Specifies another variable whose value is changed when you press the up or down cursor key, or tap the up or down graph controller arrow.

These items specify the upper limit (End) and lower limit (Start) of the range of change of the Dynamic `$ value.

Use this setting to specify the increment of change in the Dynamic `$ value when you press the up or down cursor key, or tap the up or down graph controller arrow.

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(10) Tap [Modify].

This graphs the functions using the a and b variable start values you specified on the Graph Controller dialog box, and displays Modify on the Graph window.

(11) Modify the graphs by changing the value of variable a or b.

To change the value of variable a, press the left or right cursor key, or tap the left or right graph controller arrow.

To change the value of variable b, press the up or down cursor key, or tap the up or down graph controller arrow.

3-5-5 Modifying a Graph

(12) To quit graph modification, tap on the icon panel.

This causes Modify to disappear from the display, returning to the normal Graph window.

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(3) Tap [Modify].

This graphs the functions using the a and b variable start values you specified on the Graph Controller dialog box, and displays Modify on the Graph window.

(4) Execute an auto change operation.

To execute three cycles of an auto change operation for variable a, tap the right graph controller arrow.

To execute three cycles of an auto change operation for variable b, tap the up graph controller arrow.

(5) To quit graph modification, tap on the icon panel.

This causes Modify to disappear from the display, returning to the normal Graph window.

3-5-6 Modifying a Graph

kCycling Through Graph Changes Automatically Use the following procedure to cycle automatically through graph changes in accordance with the settings you configure on the Graph Controller dialog box.

uClassPad Operation (1) Perform steps (1) through (9) under To modify multiple graphs simultaneously on

page 3-5-4.

(2) On the Graph Controller dialog box, tap the [Auto] option.

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Clear figures and text you have added using the sketch feature Plot a point on the Graph window Draw a line on the Graph window

Write text on the Graph window

Draw a line that is tangent to a particular point on a graph Draw a line that is normal to a particular point on a graph

Draw a circle Draw a vertical line

Draw a horizontal line

Graph the inverse of a function

Cls Plot Line Text Tangent Normal Inverse Circle Vertical Horizontal

Select this Sketch menu command:To do this:

3-6 Using the Sketch Menu The [Sketch] menu lets you add points, lines, figures, and text after you draw a graph. You can also add tangent and normal lines to your graph.

Sketch Menu Overview

To access the [Sketch] menu, tap [Analysis] and then [Sketch]. The following table describes the commands that are available on the [Sketch] menu.

3-6-1 Using the Sketch Menu

Using Sketch Menu Commands

This section describes how to use each of the commands on the [Sketch] menu. Note that all of the procedures in this section are performed in the Graph & Table application, which you can enter by tapping the T icon on the application menu.

u To plot a point on the Graph window (1) While the Graph window is active, tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Plot].

(2) Tap the location on the Graph window where you want to plot a point.

Instead of tapping the Graph window, you could also use the keypad to specify the coordinates of the point. Pressing a number key displays a dialog box for inputting coordinates. The value of the key you just pressed is input for the x-coordinate. After inputting values for the x- and y-coordinates, tap [OK] to plot the point at the location you specified.

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u To draw a line on the Graph window (1) While the Graph window is active, tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Line].

(2) On the Graph window, tap the start point of the line and then tap the end point. This causes a straight line to be drawn between the two points. The message box shows the equation of the line.

Instead of tapping the Graph window, you can use the keypad to specify the coordinates of the start point and end point. Pressing a number key displays a dialog box for inputting coordinates. The value of the key you just pressed is input for the x-coordinate of the starting point. After inputting values for the x- and y-coordinates of the start point (x1, y1) and the x- and y-coordinates of the end point (x2, y2), tap [OK] to draw a straight line between the two points you specified.

u To write text on the Graph window (1) While the Graph window is active, tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Text].

This displays a dialog box for inputting text.

(2) Enter the text you want and then tap [OK].

This displays the word Text in the lower right corner of the Graph window.

3-6-2 Using the Sketch Menu

(3) Place the stylus on the screen and hold it there.

This causes the text you input in step (2) to appear at the location where you are pointing with the stylus.

(4) Drag the text to the location you want, and then lift the stylus from the screen.

Tip The amount of text you can input is limited only by how much can fit on the Graph window.

You can repeat the above operation and input multiple text blocks, if you want.

You cannot edit text after inputting it into a graph. To make any changes in text, you first need to clear the existing text (page 3-6-5) and then replace it with new text.

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u To draw a line tangent to a graph

Example: To draw a line tangent to the graph y = x2 x 2 when x = 1

(1) In line y1 of the Graph Editor window, input and save y = x2 x 2.

(2) Tap $ to graph the function.

(3) Tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Tangent].

This displays the crosshair pointer along with its corresponding coordinate values.

(4) Press 1.

This displays a dialog box for inputting the point of tangency x-value, with 1 specified as the point.

3-6-3 Using the Sketch Menu

(5) Tap [OK].

This closes the dialog box and moves pointer to the location you specified in step (4).

(6) Press E.

Tip Instead of inputting coordinate values in steps (4) and (5), you can use the cursor key or the

graph controller arrows to move the pointer to the point of tangency on the Graph window.

u To draw a line that is normal to a graph The procedure for drawing a line that is normal to a graph is virtually identical to the procedure To draw a line tangent to a graph, above. The only difference is in step (3), where you need to tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Normal] instead of [Tangent].

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u To graph the inverse of a function

Example: To graph y = x2 x 2 and then overlay it with x = y2 y 2

(1) In line y1 of the Graph Editor window, input and save y = x2 x 2.

(2) Tap $ to graph the function.

(3) Tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Inverse].

This graphs the inverse function. The message box briefly shows the inverse function.

3-6-4 Using the Sketch Menu

Tip If a function does not have an inverse, the graph produced by the [Inverse] command will be the

result of interchanging the x and y variables of the original function.

u To draw a circle

Example: To draw a circle with a center point located at (1, 1) and a radius of 2

(1) While the Graph window is active, tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Circle].

This display Circle on the Graph window.

(2) Press 1.

This displays a dialog box for specifying the center point coordinates (x, y) and the radius r, with 1 specified as the value of x.

(3) Enter value for x, y, and r, and then tap [OK].

This closes the dialog box and draws the circle according to your specifications. The message box shows the function for the circle.

Tip Instead of inputting values, you can also draw a circle using stylus operations only. To do so,

perform the following operation in place of step (2) of the above operation.

(2) Tap the point where you want the center of the circle to be, and then tap a second point anywhere on the circle's circumference.

You could also tap the center point, and then drag to the second point.

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u To draw a vertical or horizontal line

Example: To draw a vertical line at x = 2

(1) While the Graph window is active, tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Vertical].

This displays Vertical on the Graph window, and the ClassPad waits for you to draw the vertical line.

(2) Press 2.

This displays a dialog box for specifying the x-coordinate of the vertical line, with 2 specified as the x-coordinate.

Instead of inputting a value here, you can use the stylus to tap the point through which the vertical line should pass.

(3) Tap [OK].

This closes the dialog box and draws the vertical line at x = 2.

Tip To draw a horizontal line, tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Horizontal] in place of [Vertical] in

step (1) of the above procedure. In the case of a horizontal line, you need to specify the y-coordinate in step (2).

u To clear figures inserted using the Sketch menu To clear plots, lines, text, or other figures inserted using the [Sketch] menu, tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Cls].

This redraws the graph to what is stored on the Graph Editor window.

3-6-5 Using the Sketch Menu

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3-7 Using Trace Trace lets you move a point along a graph and displays the coordinates for the current pointer location. You can also link the trace operation to the number table used to draw a graph, so the pointer jumps to the coordinates that are currently selected in the table.

Using Trace to Read Graph Coordinates

Starting the trace operation causes a crosshair pointer to appear on the graph. You can then press the cursor key or tap the graph controller arrows to move the pointer. The coordinates are displayed as you move the pointer.

u To perform a trace operation

Example: To graph the function y = x2 3 and then use the trace operation to read coordinates on the graph

(1) Tap 6 to display the View Window dialog box, and then configure it with the following parameters.

xmin = 5, xmax = 5, xscale = 1

ymin = 10, ymax = 10, yscale = 2

(2) On the Graph Editor window, input and store x2 3 into line y1, and then tap $ to graph it.

(3) Tap [Analysis], [Trace], or tap =.

The pointer will not be visible when it is located at a point outside the graph display area.

If Error appears in place of the xc or yc coordinate, it means that the current point is undefined. Press the left or right cursor key to move to a point that is defined.

(4) Press the left or right cursor key, or tap the left or right graph controller arrow.

This moves the pointer along the graph, and displays the coordinates of the current pointer location.

3-7-1 Using Trace

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You can also move the pointer to a particular point by inputting coordinates. Pressing a number key displays a dialog box for inputting coordinates. Input the values you want and then tap [OK].

When there are multiple graphs on the Graph window, you can use the up and down cursor keys or the up and down graph controller arrows to move the pointer between graphs.

(5) To quit the trace operation, tap on the icon panel.

Tip While the trace pointer is on the window, tapping the displayed coordinate values causes the

coordinate values to appear in the message box. You can then copy the coordinates to the clipboard.

kSpecifying the Format of the Coordinates Displayed by Trace Check boxes on the Graph Format dialog box (page 14-3-4) let you specify whether you want to display pointer coordinates only, or pointer coordinates plus the derivative. You can also turn off the display of the coordinates, if you want.

3-7-2 Using Trace

Turn off coordinate display

Display coordinates and the derivative

Select the [Derivative/Slope] check box under [Graph Format].

Clear the [Coordinate] check box under [Graph Format]. Neither coordinates nor the derivative is displayed when the [Coordinate] check box is cleared, regardless of the current [Derivative/Slope] setting.

Do this:To do this:

For details about Graph Format settings, see 14-3 Setup Menu Settings.

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Linking Trace to a Number Table

This section explains how you can link the movement of the trace pointer to the values in the number table used to draw the graph. This type of operation is called linked trace. For information about generating a number table and performing other table operations,

see 3-4 Using Table & Graph.

Example: To link trace to a number table created by graphing y = 3logx

uClassPad Operation (1) Display the View Window dialog box, and then configure it with the following

parameters. xmin = 5, xmax = 5, xscale = 1 ymin = 10, ymax = 10, yscale = 2

(2) Display the Table Input dialog box, and then configure it with the following settings.

Start: 2, End: 9, Step: 1

(3) On the Graph Editor window, input and store y = 3logx into line y1, and then tap #.

This generates a number table and displays it.

(4) Tap a and then [Link].

This displays the Graph window and draws the graph, with the trace pointer located on the graph line. The coordinates of the trace pointer location will also be shown.

Tapping a cell in the y1 column causes the trace pointer to move the location of the cells value.

3-7-3 Using Trace

The highlighted table value corresponds to the current location of the trace pointer on the graph.

(5) You can perform the following operations while a linked trace operation is in progress.

You can move the highlighting in the number table by pressing the up and down cursor keys, or by tapping the cell you want to select. Doing so causes the trace pointer to jump to the corresponding location on the graph.

(6) To quit the linked trace operation, tap on the icon panel.

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Generating Number Table Values from a Graph

A graph-to-table feature lets you extract the coordinate values at the current pointer location and input them into a table.

Example: Generate a table and graph for the expression y = x3 3x, and input the coordinates for specific points on the graph into a table Use the initial View Window settings (page 3-2-3). Configure the Table Input settings shown below.

Start: 1, End: 4, Step: 1

uClassPad Operation (1) Input the function y = x3 3x on the Graph Editor window.

(2) Tap $ to graph the function.

(3) Tap # to generate the table.

3-7-4 Using Trace

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(4) Tap the Graph window to make it active. Next, tap [Analysis] and then [Trace].

This causes a pointer to appear on the graph.

(5) Use the cursor key to move the pointer along the graph until it reaches a point whose coordinates you want to input into the table.

(6) Press E to input the coordinates at the current cursor position at the end of the table.

3-7-5 Using Trace

(7) Repeat steps (5) and (6) to input the rest of the coordinates you want.

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3-8 Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph Your ClassPad includes a G-Solve feature that lets you perform a variety of different analytical processes on an existing graph.

G-Solve Menu Overview

To access the [G-Solve] menu, tap [Analysis] and then [G-Solve]. The following describes the commands that are available on the [G-Solve] menu.

3-8-1 Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph

Tip See page -9-1 of the Appendix for information about graph types and executable G-Solve

functions.

Root (the x-intercept) Maximum value Minimum value y-intercept Point of intersection for two graphs y-coordinate for a given x-coordinate x-coordinate for a given y-coordinate Definite integral for a particular range Point of inflection Distance between two points Volume of a solid of revolution

Root Max Min y-Intercept Intersect y-Cal x-Cal dx Inflection Distance ( f(x))2dx

Select this G-Solve menu command:To obtain this for the graph:

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Using G-Solve Menu Commands

This section describes how to use each of the commands on the [G-Solve] menu. Note that all of the procedures in this section are performed in the Graph & Table application, which you can enter by tapping the T icon on the application menu.

u To obtain the root of a function

Example: To graph the function y = x(x + 2)(x 2) and obtain its root

(1) Display the View Window dialog box, and then configure it with the following parameters.

xmin = 7.7, xmax = 7.7, xscale = 1 ymin = 3.8, ymax = 3.8, yscale = 1

(2) On the Graph Editor window, input and store y = x(x + 2)(x 2) into line y1, and then tap $ to graph it.

Make sure that only y1 is checked.

(3) Tap [Analysis], [G-Solve], and then [Root], or tap Y.

This displays Root on the Graph window, and locates a pointer at the first solution of the root (root for smallest value of x). The x- and y-coordinates at the current pointer location are also shown on the Graph window.

(4) To obtain other roots, press the left or right cursor key, or tap the left or right graph controller arrows.

If there is only one solution, the pointer does not move when you press the cursor key.

Result Screenshots

3-8-2 Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph

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u To obtain the minimum value, maximum value, y-intercept, and inflection of a function

Example: To graph the function y = x2(x + 2)(x 2) and obtain its minimum value

(1) Display the View Window dialog box, and then configure it with the following parameters.

xmin = 7.7, xmax = 7.7, xscale = 1 ymin = 3.8, ymax = 3.8, yscale = 1

(2) On the Graph Editor window, input and store y = x2 (x + 2)(x 2) into line y1, and then tap $ to graph it.

Make sure that only y1 is checked.

(3) Tap [Analysis], [G-Solve], and then [Min], or tap I.

This displays Min on the Graph window, and locates a pointer at the first solution of the minimum value (minimum value of y for smallest value of x). The x- and y-coordinates at the current pointer location are also shown on the Graph window.

(4) To obtain other minimum values, press the left or right cursor key, or tap the left or right graph controller arrows.

If there is only one solution, the pointer does not move when you press the cursor key.

Result Screenshots

3-8-3 Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph

1 2

1 2

Tip To obtain the other values, select the applicable command on the [G-Solve] menu in step (3) of

the above procedure.

Maximum value y-intercept Point of inflection

Max (or tap U) y-Intercept Inflection

Select this G-Solve menu command:To obtain this value:

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u To obtain the point of intersection for two graphs

Example: To graph the functions y = x + 1 and y = x2, and determine their point of intersection

(1) Display the View Window dialog box, and then configure it with the following parameters.

xmin = 5, xmax = 5, xscale = 1 ymin = 5, ymax = 5, yscale = 2

(2) On the Graph Editor window, input and store y = x + 1 into line y1 and y = x2 into y2, and then tap $ to graph them.

Make sure that only y1 and y2 are checked.

(3) Tap [Analysis], [G-Solve], and then [Intersect].

This causes Intersect to appear on the Graph window, with a pointer located at the point of intersection. The x- and y-coordinates at the current pointer location are also shown on the Graph window.

(4) To obtain other points of intersection, press the left or right cursor key, or tap the left or right graph controller arrows.

Result Screenshots

3-8-4 Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph

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u To determine coordinates at a particular point on a graph

Example: To graph the function y = x (x + 2)(x 2) and determine the y-coordinate when x = 0.5, and the x-coordinate when y = 2.2

(1) Display the View Window dialog box, and then configure it with the following parameters.

xmin = 7.7, xmax = 7.7, xscale = 1 ymin = 3.8, ymax = 3.8, yscale = 1

(2) On the Graph Editor window, input and store y = x (x + 2)(x 2) into line y1, and then tap $ to graph it.

Make sure that only y1 is checked.

(3) To obtain the value of y for a particular x-value, tap [Analysis], [G-Solve], and then [y-Cal].

This displays a dialog box for specifying the x-value.

(4) For this example, input 0.5 and then tap [OK].

This moves the pointer to the location on the graph where x = 0.5, and displays the x-coordinate and y-coordinate at that location.

(5) To obtain the value of x for a particular y-value, tap [Analysis], [G-Solve], and then [x-Cal].

This displays a dialog box for specifying the y-value.

(6) For this example, input 2.2 and then tap [OK].

This moves the pointer to the location on the graph where y = 2.2, and displays the x-coordinate and y-coordinate at that location.

Result Screenshots

3-8-5 Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph

Tip When there are multiple results for the above procedure, press e to calculate the next value.

Pressing d returns to the previous value.

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u To determine the definite integral for a particular domain

Example: To graph the function y = x(x + 2)(x 2) and obtain its definite integral in the domain of 1 < x < 2

(1) Display the View Window dialog box, and then configure it with the following parameters.

xmin = 7.7, xmax = 7.7, xscale = 1 ymin = 4, ymax = 4, yscale = 1

(2) On the Graph Editor window, input and store y = x(x + 2)(x 2) into line y1, and then tap $ to graph it.

Make sure that only y1 is checked.

(3) Tap [Analysis], [G-Solve], and then [ dx].

This displays Lower on the Graph window.

(4) Press 1.

This displays a dialog box for inputting an interval for the x-values, with 1 specified for the lower limit of the x-axis (Lower).

3-8-6 Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph

(5) Tap the [Upper] input box and then input 2 for the upper limit of the x-axis.

(6) Tap [OK].

Tip Instead of inputting [Lower] and [Upper] values in steps (4) through (6), you can use the cursor

key or the graph controller arrows to move the pointer along the graph to specify the lower limit and upper limit. If you do, perform the following two steps after step (3).

(4) Use the cursor key or the graph controller to move the pointer to the location of the lower limit and then press E.

This registers the lower limit and changes the word in the lower right corner of the Graph window to Upper.

(5) Move the pointer to the location of the upper limit, and then press E.

Result Screenshot

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u To determine the distance between any two points (1) Tap the Graph window to make it active.

(2) Tap [Analysis], [G-Solve], and then [Distance].

This displays Distance on the Graph window, and the ClassPad waits for you to specify the first point.

(3) Tap the first point on the Graph window.

This causes a pointer to appear at the location where you tap.

(4) Tap the second point on the Graph window.

This causes a pointer to appear at the second point, and the distance between the two points to appear in the message box.

Result Screenshot

3-8-7 Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph

Tip Instead of tapping points on the Graph window, you could also

specify points by inputting their coordinates. Without tapping the Graph window, input a value. This causes a coordinate specification dialog box to appear. Input the x- and y-coordinates of the two points.

u To determine the inflection point You can use the following procedure to determine coordinates of the inflection point for a cubic function.

Example: To graph the function y = x3 1 and determine its inflection point

uClassPad Operation (1) Display the View Window dialog box, and then configure it with the following

parameters.

xmin = 4.9, xmax = 4.9, xscale = 1

ymin = 3.3, ymax = 1.8, yscale = 1

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3-8-8 Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph

(2) On the Graph Editor window, input and store y1 = x3 1 into line y1, and then tap $ to graph it.

Make sure that only y1 is selected (checked).

(3) Tap [Analysis], [G-Solve], and then [Inflection].

This causes Inflection to appear on the Graph window, with a pointer located at the point of inflection.

Tip If your function has multiple inflection points, use the cursor button or graph controller arrows to

move the pointer between them and display their coordinates.

u To obtain the volume of a solid of revolution

Example: To graph the function y = x2 x 2 and obtain the volume of a solid of revolution as the line segment from x = 1 to x = 2 is rotated on the x-axis

(1) Display the View Window dialog box, and then configure it with the following parameters.

xmin = 7.7, xmax = 7.7, xscale = 1 ymin = 3.8, ymax = 3.8, yscale = 1

(2) On the Graph Editor window, input and store y = x2 x 2 into line y1, and then tap $ to graph it.

Make sure that only y1 is checked.

(3) Tap [Analysis], [G-Solve], and then [ (f(x))2dx].

This displays a crosshair pointer on the graph, and the word Lower in the lower right corner of the Graph window.

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(4) Press 1.

This displays a dialog box for inputting an interval of values for x, with 1 specified for the lower limit of the x-axis (Lower).

(5) Tap the [Upper] input box and then input 2 for the upper limit of the x-axis.

(6) Tap [OK].

This causes a silhouette of the solid of revolution to appear on the Graph window, and its volume to appear in the message box.

Tip Instead of inputting [Lower] and [Upper] values in steps (4) through (6), you can use the cursor

key or the graph controller arrows to move the pointer along the graph to specify the lower limit and upper limit. If you do, perform the following two steps after step (3).

(4) Use the cursor key or the graph controller to move the pointer to the location of the lower limit and then press E.

This registers the lower limit and changes the word in the lower right corner of the Graph window to Upper.

(5) Move the pointer to the location of the upper limit, and then press E.

Result Screenshot

3-8-9 Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph

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Using the Conics Application The Conics application provides you with the capability to graph circular, parabolic, elliptic, and hyperbolic functions. You can also use the Conics application to quickly and easily determine the proper focal point, vertex, directrix, axis of symmetry, latus rectum, center, radius, asymptote, eccentricity, and even the x- and y-intercepts of each type of conics.

4-1 Conics Application Overview

4-2 Inputting Equations 4-3 Drawing a Conics Graph

4-4 Using Trace to Read Graph Coordinates

4-5 Using G-Solve to Analyze a Conics Graph

4

Chapter

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4-1 Conics Application Overview This section describes the configuration of the Conics application windows, and provides basic information about its menus and commands.

The Conics application uses many of the same commands (Zoom, Trace, Sketch, etc.) as the Graph & Table application. It is recommended that you familiarize yourself with Graph & Table operations before trying to use the Conics application.

4-1-1 Conics Application Overview

Graph controller arrows

Conics Application Window

When you start up the Conics application, two windows appear on the display:the Conics Editor window and the Conics Graph window. A function that is input on the Conics Editor window is graphed on the Conics Graph window.

Conics Editor window

Conics Graph window

Starting Up the Conics Application

Use the following procedure to start up the Conics application.

uClassPad Operation On the application menu, tap C.

This starts the Conics application and displays the Conics Editor window and the Conics Graph window.

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4-1-2 Conics Application Overview

Conics Application Menus and Buttons

This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and buttons of the Conics application window. For information about the O menu, see Using the O Menu on page 1-5-4.

kConics Editor Window Menus and Buttons The following describes the menu and button operations you can perform while the Conics Editor window is active.

To do this: Tap this button:

Or select this menu item:

Copy the selected character string to the clipboard

Select all of the text on the Conics Editor window Clear all of the text from the Conics Editor window

Insert a Conics Form on the Conics Editor window

w

q

Edit - Cut

Edit - Copy

Edit - Paste

Edit - Select All Edit - Clear All

Fit - Fit into Conics Form

O - Settings - View Window

O - Settings - Variable Manager

Form - Insert Conics Form

Cut the selected character string and place it onto the clipboard

Adjust the equation on the Conics Editor window so it fits a Conics Form

^ Draw a graph

6 Display the View Window dialog box (page 3-2-1) to configure Graph window settings

5Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1)

Paste the contents of the clipboard at the current cursor position in the Conics Editor window

The Conics Editor window can have one conics equation input at a time. The Conics application includes a number of preset conics formats (page 4-2-1) that make equation input quick and easy.

You can tap the graph controller arrows or use the cursor key to scroll the Conics Graph window.

You can use Trace (page 4-4-1) to trace a conics graph.

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4-1-3 Conics Application Overview

kConics Graph Window Menus and Buttons The following describes the menu and button operations you can perform while the Conics Graph window is active.

Zoom - Square

Zoom - Round

Zoom - Integer

Zoom - Previous

Zoom - Quick Initialize

Zoom - Quick Trig

Zoom - Quick log(x)

Zoom - Quick e^x Zoom - Quick x^2

Zoom - Quick x^2

= Analysis - Trace

Analysis - Sketch

Analysis - G-Solve

Insert a point, graphic, or text into an existing graph For details about this operation, see 3-6 Using the

Sketch Menu.

Perform a G-Solve operation For details about this operation, see 4-5 Using

G-Solve to Analyze a Conics Graph.

Display the coordinates at a particular point on a graph

Perform a quick zoom operation (page 3-2-9)

Adjust View Window x-axis values so they are identical to the y-axis values

Round coordinate values displayed using Trace (page 4-4-1)

Make the value of each dot equal 1, which makes all coordinate values integers

Return View Window parameters to their settings prior to the last zoom operation

Zoom - Quick Standard

To do this: Tap this button:

Or select this menu item:

Q Zoom - Box Zoom - Factor Zoom - Zoom In Zoom - Zoom Out

R Zoom - Auto

Zoom - Original

Enlarge the part of the screen bounded by a box

Specify a zoom factor Zoom in by the zoom factor Zoom out by the zoom factor

Return a graph to its original size

Configure View Window y-axis parameters and redraw the graph so it fills the Graph window along the y-axis

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Tip The [Tangent], [Normal], and [Inverse] commands of the Graph & Table applications Sketch

function are not included in the Conics application.

The G-Solve feature of the Conics application performs analysis that is specially suited to conics, and so it operates differently from the G-Solve feature of the Graph & Table application.

Conics Application Status Bar

The status bar at the bottom of the Conics application shows the current angle unit setting and [Complex Format] setting (page 14-3-2).

Rad Deg Cplx

Real

The angle unit setting is radians. The angle unit setting is degrees. The Complex (complex number calculation) mode is selected. The Real (real number calculation) mode is selected.

If you see this: It means this:

a - Store Picture a - Recall Picture

a - ReDraw"

O - Settings - View Window

O - Settings - Variable Manager

*

6

T

5

Display the View Window dialog box (page 3-2-1) to configure Graph window settings

Activate the pan function for dragging the Graph window with the stylus

Save a graph as image data (page 3-2-10) Recall the image of a graph (page 3-2-10)

Re-draw a graph

Make the Conics Editor window active

Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1)

To do this: Tap this button:

Or select this menu item:

4-1-4 Conics Application Overview

Angle unit Real mode

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4-2-1 Inputting Equations

4-2 Inputting Equations This section explains the various ways you can input equations using the Conics Editor window.

Using a Conics Form to Input an Equation

Preset formats can help you input conics equations quickly and easily. The following table contains a complete list of the types of equations that you can input just by tapping [Form] and then [Insert Conics Form].

Equations

Horizontal Parabola 1 x = A (y K)^2 + H

Horizontal Parabola 2 x = A y^2 + B y + C

Vertical Parabola 1 y = A (x H)^2 + K

Vertical Parabola 2 y = A x^2 + B x + C

Circle 1 (x H)^2 + (y K)^2 = R^2

Circle 2 A x^2 + A y^2 + B x + C y + D = 0

Ellipse (x H)^2 A^2 + (y K)^2 B^2 = 1

Horizontal Hyperbola (x H)^2 A^2 (y K)^2 B^2 = 1

Vertical Hyperbola (y K)^2 A^2 (x H)^2 B^2 = 1

General Form A x^2 + B x y + C y^2 + D x + E y + F = 0

Conics Forms

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4-2-2 Inputting Equations

u To input an equation using a Conics Form

Example: To use a Conics Form to input the equation for a parabola with a horizontal axis (principal axis parallel with x-axis)

(1) On the application menu, tap C to start the Conics application.

(2) On the Conics Editor window, tap q, or tap [Form] and then [Insert Conics Form].

This displays the Select Conics Form dialog box.

(3) Select the Conics Form of the type of equation you want to graph, and then tap [OK].

Since we want to graph a parabola with a horizontal axis in this example, select X = A(Y K)2 + H. Tap [OK] to close the Select Conics Form dialog box, and display the selected equation in the Conics Editor window.

(4) Modify the equation on the Conics Editor window as required.

Here, we will change the coefficients of the equation as follows: A = 2, K = 1, H = 2.

(5) Tap ^ to graph the equation.

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4-2-3 Inputting Equations

Inputting an Equation Manually

To input an equation manually, make the Conics Editor window active, and then use the soft keyboard for input.

Transforming a Manually Input Equation to a Conics Form

After you manually input an equation on the Conics Editor window, you can use the procedure below to transform it to a preset Conics Form.

Example: To transform the equation to the standard Conics Form x = Ay2 + By + C

uClassPad Operation (1) On the Conics Editor window, input the above

equation.

Hint: Tap the ) tab of the soft keyboard. The 2D fraction and 2D exponent are very helpful in entering this equation!

Conics Editor window

(x 1)2 +

(y 2)2

=

x2

22 4

(2) After inputting the equation, tap w or tap [Fit] and then [Fit into Conics Form].

This displays the Select Conics Form dialog box.

(3) Select X = AY2 + BY + C and then tap [OK].

This transforms the equation so it becomes x = 2y2 8y + . 17 2

Tip If the equation you input cannot be transformed into the standard Conics Form you selected, the

message Cant Transform into This Type appears.

An input equation may not transform correctly if it includes a square root calculation or some other function.

Input the equation here.

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4-3-1 Drawing a Conics Graph

4-3 Drawing a Conics Graph This section provides examples that show how to draw various types of conics graphs.

Drawing a Parabola

A parabola can be drawn with either a horizontal or vertical orientation. The parabola type is determined by the direction of its principal axis.

kDrawing a Parabola that Opens Horizontally A parabola with a horizontal axis is one whose principal axis is parallel to the x-axis. There are two possible equations for a parabola with a horizontal axis: x = A(y K)2 + H and x = Ay2 + By + C.

Example 1: To draw the parabola x = 2(y 1)2 2

uClassPad Operation (1) On the Conics Editor window, tap q, or tap [Form] and then [Insert Conics Form].

This displays the Select Conics Form dialog box.

(2) Select X = A(Y K)2 + H and then tap [OK].

This closes the Select Conics Form dialog box, and displays the selected equation in the Conics Editor window.

(3) Change the coefficients of the equation as follows: A = 2, K = 1, H = 2.

(4) Tap ^ to graph the equation.

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4-3-2 Drawing a Conics Graph

Example 2: To draw the parabola x = y2 + 2y + 3

uClassPad Operation (1) In step (2) of the above procedure, select X = AY2 + BY + C on the Select Conics

Form dialog box.

(2) In step (3) of the above procedure, change the coefficients of the equation as follows: A = 1, B = 2, C = 3.

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kDrawing a Parabola that Opens Vertically A parabola with a vertical axis is one whose principal axis is parallel to the y-axis. There are two possible equations for a parabola with a vertical axis: y = A(x H)2 + K and y = Ax2 + Bx +C.

uClassPad Operation (1) In step (2) of the procedure under Drawing a Parabola that Opens Horizontally, select

Y = A(X H)2 + K or Y = AX2 + BX + C. (2) Specify values for the coefficients.

4-3-3 Drawing a Conics Graph

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4-3-4 Drawing a Conics Graph

Drawing a Circle

There are two forms that you can use to draw a circle. One form is the standard form, which allows you to specify the center point and radius. The other form is the general form, which allows you to specify the coefficients of each term.

kDrawing a Circle by Specifying a Center Point and Radius

Example: To draw a circle with a center point of (2, 1) and a radius of 2

uClassPad Operation (1) On the Conics Editor window, tap q, or tap [Form] and then [Insert Conics Form].

This displays the Select Conics Form dialog box.

(2) Select (X H)2 + (Y K)2 = R2 and then tap [OK].

This closes the Select Conics Form dialog box, and displays the selected equation in the Conics Editor window.

(3) Change the coefficients of the equation as follows: H = 2, K = 1, R = 2.

(4) Tap ^ to graph the equation.

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kDrawing a Circle by Specifying the Coefficients of a General Equation

Example: To draw the circle x2 + y2 + 4x 6y + 9 = 0

uClassPad Operation (1) In step (2) of the procedure under Drawing a Circle by Specifying a Center Point and

Radius, select AX2 + AY2 + BX + CY + D = 0.

(2) Substitute the following values for the coefficients: A = 1, B = 4, C = 6, D = 9.

4-3-5 Drawing a Conics Graph

Drawing an Ellipse

You can draw an ellipse by specifying coefficients for the standard equation:

Example: To draw the ellipse

uClassPad Operation (1) On the Conics Editor window, tap q, or tap [Form] and then [Insert Conics Form].

This displays the Select Conics Form dialog box.

(2) Select and then tap [OK].

This closes the Select Conics Form dialog box, and displays the selected equation in the Conics Editor window.

(3) Change the coefficients of the equation as follows: A = 2, B = 3, H = 1, K = 2.

(4) Tap ^ to graph the equation.

(x H)2 +

(y K)2 = 1.

A2 B2

(x 1)2 +

(y 2)2 = 1

22 32

(X H)2 +

(Y K)2 = 1

A2 B2

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4-3-6 Drawing a Conics Graph

Drawing a Hyperbola

A hyperbola can be drawn with either a horizontal or vertical orientation. The hyperbola type is determined by the direction of its principal axis.

kDrawing a Hyperbola that Opens Horizontally The standard form of a hyperbola with a horizontal axis is:

Example: To draw the hyperbola with a horizontal axis

uClassPad Operation (1) On the Conics Editor window, tap q, or tap [Form] and then [Insert Conics Form].

This displays the Select Conics Form dialog box.

(2) Select and then tap [OK].

This closes the Select Conics Form dialog box, and displays the selected equation in the Conics Editor window.

(3) Change the coefficients of the equation as follows: A = 2, B = 3, H = 1, K = 2.

(4) Tap ^ to graph the equation.

(x H)2 (y K)2

= 1. A2 B2

(x 1)2 _ (y 2)2 = 1

22 32

(X H)2 (Y K)2

= 1 A2 B2

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4-3-7 Drawing a Conics Graph

kDrawing a Hyperbola that Opens Vertically The standard form of a hyperbola with a vertical axis is:

uClassPad Operation

(1) In step (2) of the procedure under Drawing a Hyperbola that Opens Horizontally,

select .

(2) Specify values for the coefficients.

(y K)2 (x H)2

= 1. A2 B2

(Y K)2 (X H)2

= 1 A2 B2

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4-3-8 Drawing a Conics Graph

Drawing a General Conics

Using the conics general equation Ax2 + Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0, you can draw a parabola or hyperbola whose principal axis is not parallel either to the x-axis or the y-axis, a slanted ellipse, etc.

Example: To draw x2 + 4xy + y2 6x + 6y + 4 = 0

uClassPad Operation (1) On the Conics Editor window, tap q, or tap [Form] and then [Insert Conics Form].

This displays the Select Conics Form dialog box.

(2) Select AX2 + BXY + CY2 + DX + EY + F = 0 and then tap [OK].

This closes the Select Conics Form dialog box, and displays the selected equation in the Conics Editor window.

(3) Change the coefficients of the equation as follows: A = 1, B = 4, C = 1, D = 6, E = 6, F = 4.

(4) Tap ^ to graph the equation.

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4-4-1 Using Trace to Read Graph Coordinates

4-4 Using Trace to Read Graph Coordinates Trace allows you move a pointer along a graph line and display the coordinates at the current pointer location. Starting the trace operation causes a crosshair pointer ( ) to appear on the graph. You can then press the cursor key or tap the graph controller arrows to move the pointer to the location you want, and read the coordinates that appear on the display.

Using Trace

Example: To graph the function x = 2(y 1)2 2 and then perform a trace operation to read coordinates

uClassPad Operation (1) On the Conics Editor window, input the above equation and then tap ^ to graph it.

(2) Tap [Analysis] and then [Trace], or tap =.

This causes Trace to appear on the Graph window, with a pointer on the graph line.

(3) Press the left or right cursor key, or tap the left or right graph controller arrows.

This moves the pointer along the graph, and displays the coordinates of the current pointer location.

When the location of the pointer approaches the point of infinity on a parabolic or hyperbolic graph, Error appears in place of the pointer coordinates.

You can also move the pointer to a particular point by inputting coordinates. Inputting a value while a trace operation is being performed displays a dialog box for inputting an x-coordinate. After you enter a value, the pointer jumps to the corresponding location when you tap [OK].

Here, input a value for yc in the case of a parabola that opens horizontally. Input a value for xc in the case of a parabola that opens vertically. For any other type of conics graph, input a value for tc in order to graph in parametric format.

(4) To exit trace, tap on the icon panel.

Tip While tracing, tapping the displayed coordinate values causes the coordinate values to appear in

the message box. You can then copy the coordinates to the clipboard.

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4-5-1 Using G-Solve to Analyze a Conics Graph

4-5 Using G-Solve to Analyze a Conics Graph The G-Solve menu includes commands that let you perform a variety of different analytical processes on a graph drawn on the Conics Graph window.

Displaying the G-Solve Menu

While there is a graph on the Conics Graph window, tap [Analysis] and then [G-Solve]. You can then use the [G-Solve] menu that appears to perform one of the operations described below.

Tip Some commands are available only for certain types of graphs. Any command that is not

available for the graph currently displayed on the Conics Graph window has a line through it. A parabola, for example, does not have a center, radius or asymptotes, so there are lines through the [Center], [Radius], and [Asymptotes] commands of the [G-Solve] menu when there is a parabola on the Conics Graph window.

Focus of a parabola, ellipse, or hyperbola Vertex of a parabola, ellipse, or hyperbola Directrix of a parabola Axis of symmetry of a parabola

Length of the latus rectum of a parabola

Center point of a circle, ellipse, or hyperbola Radius of a circle

x-intercept y-intercept x-coordinate for a given y-coordinate

Asymptotes of a hyperbola Eccentricity of a parabola, ellipse, or hyperbola

Focus Vertex Directrix Symmetry Latus Rectum Length Center Radius Asymptotes Eccentricity x-Intercept y-Intercept x-Cal

y-coordinate for a given x-coordinate y-Cal

Select this [G-Solve] menu item:

To obtain this:

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4-5-2 Using G-Solve to Analyze a Conics Graph

Using G-Solve Menu Commands

The following are some examples of how to perform the Conics application [G-Solve] menu commands.

u To determine the focus of the parabola x = 2(y 1)2 2

(1) On the Conics Editor window, input the conics equation and then tap ^ to graph it.

Here, input the parabolic equation x = 2(y 1)2 2.

(2) Tap [Analysis] and then [G-Solve]. Next, on the submenu that appears, select the command you want.

To determine the focus for this example, select [Focus].

Tip An ellipse and hyperbola has two foci. In this case, press the left and right cursor keys or tap the

left and right graph controller arrows to toggle the display between the two foci.

The following are the menu operations and sample windows for other commands.

u To determine the vertices of the ellipse

[Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [Vertex]

(x 1)2 +

( y 2)2 = 1

22 32

Tip An ellipse has four vertices and a hyperbola has two vertices. In these cases, press the left and

right cursor keys or tap the left and right graph controller arrows to toggle the display between the vertices.

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4-5-3 Using G-Solve to Analyze a Conics Graph

u To determine the directrix of the parabola x = 2(y 1)2 2

[Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [Directrix]

u To determine the axis of symmetry of the parabola x = 2(y 1)2 2

[Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [Symmetry]

u To determine the latus rectum of the parabola x = 2(y 1)2 2

[Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [Latus Rectum Length]

u To determine the center point of the circle x2 + y2 + 4x 6y + 9 = 0

[Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [Center]

u To determine the radius of the circle x2 + y2 + 4x 6y + 9 = 0

[Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [Radius]

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u To determine the asymptotes of the hyperbola

[Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [Asymptotes]

u To determine the eccentricity of the ellipse

[Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [Eccentricity]

u To determine the x-intercept of the parabola x = 2(y 1)2 2

[Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [x-Intercept]

Tip When there are two x-intercepts, press the left and right cursor keys or tap the left and right graph

controller arrows to toggle the display between them.

u To determine the y-intercept of the ellipse

[Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [y-Intercept]

Tip When there are two y-intercepts, press the left and right cursor keys or tap the left and right graph

controller arrows to toggle the display between them.

4-5-4 Using G-Solve to Analyze a Conics Graph

(x 1)2 ( y 2)2

= 1 22 32

(x 1)2 +

( y 2)2 = 1

22 32

(x 1)2 +

( y 2)2 = 1

22 32

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u For the hyperbola , determine the x-coordinate when the y-coordinate is 0 [Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [x-Cal]

Tip When there are two x-coordinates, press the left and right cursor keys or tap the left and right

graph controller arrows to toggle the display between them.

u For the hyperbola , determine the y-coordinate when the x-coordinate is 3 [Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [y-Cal]

Tip When there are two y-coordinates, press the left and right cursor keys or tap the left and right

graph controller arrows to toggle the display between them.

4-5-5 Using G-Solve to Analyze a Conics Graph

(x 1)2 ( y 2)2

= 1 22 32

(x 1)2 ( y 2)2

= 1 22 32

Tap [OK].

e

Tap [OK].

e

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Using the 3D Graph Application The 3D Graph application lets you draw the 3-dimensional graph of the form z = f (x, y).

5-1 3D Graph Application Overview

5-2 Inputting an Expression 5-3 Drawing a 3D Graph

5-4 Manipulating a Graph on the 3D Graph Window

5-5 Other 3D Graph Application Functions

5

Chapter

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5-1 3D Graph Application Overview This section describes the configuration of the 3D Graph application window, and provides basic information about its menus and commands.

5-1-1 3D Graph Application Overview

3D Graph Application Window

The 3D Graph application has a 3D Graph Editor window and a 3D Graph window. Both of these windows appear on the display when you start up the 3D Graph application. Functions you input on the 3D Graph Editor window are graphed on the 3D Graph window.

3D Graph Editor window

3D Graph window

Graph controller arrows

The 3D Graph Editor has five tabbed sheets named Sheet 1 through Sheet 5. Each sheet can contain up to 20 functions. This means you can have up to 100 functions stored in the 3D Graph Editor at one time.

You can select any one of the expressions on the 3D Graph Editor window and graph it on the 3D Graph window.

You can tap the graph controller arrows on the 3D Graph window or press the cursor keys to rotate the graph.

When using Trace (page 5-5-1), tap the Graph Controller arrows or operate the cursor key to move the pointer along the graph.

Starting Up the 3D Graph Application

Use the following procedure to start up the 3D Graph application.

uClassPad Operation On the application menu, tap D.

This starts the 3D Graph application and displays the 3D Graph Editor window and the 3D Graph window.

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5-1-2 3D Graph Application Overview

3D Graph Application Menus and Buttons

This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and buttons of the 3D Graph applications windows. For information about the O menu, see Using the O Menu on page 1-5-4.

k 3D Graph Editor Window Menus and Buttons The following describes the menu and button operations you can perform while the 3D Graph Editor window is active.

{

To do this: Tap this button:

Or select this menu item:

q

Edit - Cut

Edit - Delete

Edit - Copy

Edit - Paste

Edit - Select All Edit - Clear All

Sheet - Default Name

Sheet - Clear Sheet

O - Settings - View Window

O - Settings - Variable Manager

%

7

~

5

Delete the current selection

Cut the selected character string and place it onto the clipboard

Copy the selected character string to the clipboard Paste the contents of the clipboard at the current cursor position in the 3D Graph Editor window

Select the entire expression you are editing Clear all the contents of the 3D Graph Editor window

Return the current sheet to its initial default name (Sheet 1 through Sheet 5)

Return the contents and name of the currently active sheet to their initial defaults

Save the expressions currently input on the 3D Graph Editor window

Draw a graph

Display the View Window dialog box (page 5-3-1) to configure 3D Graph window settings

Display the Main application work area window

Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1)

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5-1-3 3D Graph Application Overview

k 3D Graph Window Menus and Buttons The following describes the menu and button operations you can perform while the 3D Graph window is active.

To do this: Tap this button:

Or select this menu item:

W Zoom - Zoom In E Zoom - Zoom Out Zoom - View-x Zoom - View-y Zoom - View-z Zoom - View-Init

= Analysis - Trace

Analysis - Sketch

a - Rotating

Enlarge the displayed graph Reduce the size of the displayed graph

View the displayed graph from the x-axis, y-axis, or z-axis

Return the 3D Graph window to its initial default state

a - Store PictureSave a graph as image data (page 3-2-10)

a - Recall PictureRecall the image of a graph (page 3-2-10) a - ReDraw

O - Settings - View Window

O - Settings - Variable Manager

Re-draw a graph

@ Make the 3D Graph Editor window active

7 Display the View Window dialog box (page 5-3-1) to configure 3D Graph window settings

~ Display the Main application work area window

5Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1)

Display the coordinates at a particular point on a 3D graph

Write text on the Graph window See To write text on the Graph window on page 3-6-2, and To clear figures inserted using the Sketch menu on page 3-6-5.

Analysis - z-Cal Calculate a z-value for given x- and y-values on the displayed graph

Automatically rotate a graph in the specified direction (Left Right, Right Left, Top Bottom, Bottom Top) for about 30 seconds

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3D Graph Application Status Bar

The status bar at the bottom of the 3D Graph application shows the current angle unit setting and [Complex Format] setting (page 14-3-2).

Rad Deg Cplx

Real

The angle unit setting is radians. The angle unit setting is degrees. The Complex (complex number calculation) mode is selected. The Real (real number calculation) mode is selected.

If you see this: It means this:

5-1-4 3D Graph Application Overview

Angle unit Real mode

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5-2-1 Inputting an Expression

5-2 Inputting an Expression Use the 3D Graph Editor window to input 3D Graph application expressions.

Using 3D Graph Editor Sheets

The 3D Graph Editor has five tabbed sheets named Sheet 1 through Sheet 5. Each sheet can contain up to 20 functions. This means you can have up to 100 functions stored in the 3D Graph Editor at one time. 3D Graph Editor window sheet operations are similar to the sheet operations of the Graph & Table application. For more information, see Using Graph Editor Sheets on page 3-3-1.

Tip The commands used to perform sheet operations in the 3D Graph application are slightly

different to those in the Graph & Table application, as described below.

To do this: Execute this command in the Graph & Table application:

Execute this command in the 3D Graph application:

a - Sheet - Default Name Sheet - Default Name

a - Sheet - Clear Sheet Sheet - Clear Sheet

Return the name of the active sheet to its initial default

Return the contents and name of the currently active sheet to their initial defaults

Also note that the Graph & Table application allows simultaneous graphing of multiple functions, as long as they are on the same sheet. With the 3D Graph application, however, you can graph only one function at a time.

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5-2-2 Inputting an Expression

Storing a Function

You can input expressions as long as they are of the form z = f (x, y).

Example: To store z = x2 + y2 in line z1

uClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap D.

This starts up the 3D Graph application and displays the initial screen of the active 3D Graph Editor window.

(2) Tap line z1 on the 3D Graph Editor window, and input x2 + y2.

x{2+y{2

(3) Press E.

This stores the expression you input and selects it, which is indicated by the button next to it changing to .

(4) To graph the function you just input, tap %.

For information about graphing, see 5-3 Drawing a 3D Graph.

Tip You can also use drag and drop to input an expression displayed on the Main application window

into the 3D Graph Editor window. To do this, perform the same steps as those for the Graph & Table application. For more information, see Quick Graphing of an Expression Using Drag and Drop on page 3-3-9.

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5-3-1 Drawing a 3D Graph

5-3 Drawing a 3D Graph This section explains how to draw a 3D graph, as well as how to change the angle of a graph and how to rotate a graph.

Configuring 3D Graph View Window Parameters

3D Graph View Window parameters let you specify the maximum and minimum values for the x-, y- and z-axis. You can also specify the number of lines you would like for drawing the grid. For the xgrid enter the number of lines you would like drawn within the interval from xmin to

xmax. For example, if xmin = 3, xmax = 3 and xgrid= 15, 15 almost vertical lines will be used to display your graph. The ygrid lines will be almost horizontal.

After drawing a 3D graph, pressing the = key cycles the 3D Graph [Axes] setting (page 14-3-6) in the following sequence: Off On Box Off, and so on.

Before drawing a graph, be sure to first configure View Window parameters as required to ensure proper display of the graph.

u ClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap D.

This starts up the 3D Graph application and displays the initial screen of the active 3D Graph Editor window.

(2) Tap 7 to display the View Window dialog box.

(3) Configure the View Window parameters as described below.

Press c to move the cursor and input an appropriate value for each parameter.

Use this item:

Initial defaultTo configure this View Window parameter:

xmin xmax xgrid ymin ymax ygrid zmin

Minimum x-axis value Maximum x-axis value Number of grid lines used for x-axis direction Minimum y-axis value Maximum y-axis value Number of grid lines used for y-axis direction Minimum z-axis value

zmax Maximum z-axis value angle Clockwise angle of x-axis

angle Eye position relative to the plane created by the x-axis and y-axis, and the angle of the z-axis

3 3

25 3

3 25 3

3 20

70

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5-3-2 Drawing a 3D Graph

The following are the allowable ranges for the indicated View Window parameters: xgrid and ygrid: 2 to 50; angle : 180 180; angle : 0 to 180.

The angle parameters, and , are always degrees, regardless of the current [Angle] setting on the [Common] tab of the Basic Format dialog box (page 14-3-2).

(4) After all the parameters are the way you want, tap [OK].

This closes the View Window dialog box.

k 3D Graphs The following are examples of the 3D graph z = xy using a number of different 3D View Window setups. View Window parameters that are not specified are set to the initial default values.

xmin/ymin = 1, xmax/ymax = 1

xgrid = 10, ygrid = 10 Initial defaults xgrid = 40, ygrid = 40

xmin/ymin = 5, xmax/ymax = 5

Important! As is evident from the above sample screenshots, the greater the xgrid and ygrid values,

the more detailed the graph. Also note, however, that larger values require more calculation, which means that the graphing operation takes more time.

Graphing may be impossible if the xgrid and ygrid values are too small.

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3D Graph Example

This example shows how to graph the hyperbolic paraboloid z = x2/2 y2/8.

uClassPad Operation (1) In the 3D Graph application, make the 3D Graph Editor window active.

(2) Tap 7 to display the View Window dialog box, and then configure the parameters shown below.

xmin = 3 xmax = 3 xgrid = 25

ymin = 3 ymax = 3 ygrid = 25

angle = 45 angle = 70

Except for angle , all of the above settings are initial defaults.

After everything is the way you want, tap [OK] to close the View Window dialog box.

(3) Tap line z2 on the 3D Graph Editor window, and then input x2/2 y2/8.

x{2/2-y{2/8 (4) Press E.

This stores the expression you input and selects it, which is indicated by the button changing to .

(5) Tap % to graph the expression.

5-3-3 Drawing a 3D Graph

Here, you can use the cursor key to rotate the graph on the display. For more information, see 5-4 Manipulating a Graph on the 3D Graph Window.

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5-3-4 Drawing a 3D Graph

kSelecting the Function to be Graphed The 3D Graph application lets you graph only one function at a time. When you have more than one expression input on the 3D Graph Editor window, you need to select the one you want to graph.

Tapping the button next to a function changes the button to , which indicates that the function is selected. Press E to enable graphing.

Tip Whenever you input a new function on the 3D Graph Editor window, the new function is selected

automatically for graphing after you press E.

kControlling the Format of the 3D Graph Tapping O, [Settings], [Setup], and then [3D Format] displays the 3D Format dialog box, which you can use to control the graph axis type, display of axis labels, and other format settings.

For details about the settings you can configure on the 3D Format dialog box, see 3D Format Dialog Box on page 14-3-6.

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5-4-1 Manipulating a Graph on the 3D Graph Window

5-4 Manipulating a Graph on the 3D Graph Window

This section describes how to enlarge and reduce the size of a graph, how to change the eye position to view the graph along a particular axis, and how to perform other operations like automatic rotation.

Important! All of the operations described in this section can be performed only while the 3D Graph

window is active.

Enlarging and Reducing the Size of a Graph

A displayed 3D graph can be zoomed so it is enlarged or reduced. The zoom operation is always performed based on the center of the Graph window. You cannot select the area to be zoomed.

To enlarge a graph, tap W, or tap [Zoom] and then [Zoom In]. To reduce the size of a graph, tap E, or tap [Zoom] and then [Zoom Out].

Starting from the normal size, you can enlarge a graph six steps or reduce its size eight steps.

Switching the Eye Position

The following items describe how to change the eye position and view a displayed 3D graph along a particular axis. All of the example displays below show the graph of the expression z = x2/2 y2/8, which we graphed under 3D Graph Example on page 5-3-3.

To view the graph facing the x-axis, tap [Zoom] and then [View-x], or press the x key.

To view the graph facing the y-axis, tap [Zoom] and then [View-y], or press the y key.

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5-4-2 Manipulating a Graph on the 3D Graph Window

To view the graph facing the z-axis, tap [Zoom] and then [View-z], or press the Z key.

Rotating the Graph Manually

Use the procedures described below to rotate the displayed graph manually.

To do this:

Rotate the graph to the left

Rotate the graph to the right

Rotate the graph upwards

Rotate the graph downwards

Press the left cursor key or tap the left graph controller arrow.

Press the right cursor key or tap the right graph controller arrow.

Press the up cursor key or tap the up graph controller arrow.

Press the down cursor key or tap the down graph controller arrow.

Do this:

Holding down a key or graph controller arrow will rotate the graph continuously.

Rotating a Graph Automatically

You can use the following procedure to rotate a graph automatically for about 30 seconds.

uClassPad Operation (1) To start automatic graph rotation, tap a and then [Rotating].

(2) On the submenu that appears, select the rotation direction you want: [Left Right], [Right Left], [Top Bottom], or [Bottom Top].

Rotation continues for about 30 seconds and then stops automatically. You can also stop automatic rotation by pressing the c key or tapping on the icon panel.

Initializing the Graph Window

To return the 3D Graph window to its initial default settings, including its View Window settings, tap [Zoom] and then [View-Init].

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5-5-1 Other 3D Graph Application Functions

5-5 Other 3D Graph Application Functions

Using Trace to Read Graph Coordinates

Starting the trace operation causes a crosshair pointer to appear on the graph. You can then press a cursor key or tap the graph controller arrows to move the pointer to the location you want, and read the coordinates that appear on the display. To start the trace operation and display the pointer, make the 3D Graph window active, and then tap =, or tap [Analysis] and then [Trace].

Each time you press the cursor key or tap a graph controller arrow, the pointer moves the distance specified by the [grid] value on the 3D View Window dialog box.

Inputting a value while a trace operation is being performed displays a dialog box for inputting an x- and y-coordinate. Inputting values for each of the coordinates on this dialog box causes the pointer to jump to the corresponding location when you tap [OK].

To cancel the trace operation, tap on the icon panel.

Tip The initial default setting for the coordinate display is rectangular coordinates (Rectangular).

Tapping O, [Settings], [Setup], and then [3D Format] displays the 3D Format dialog box, which you can use to select polar coordinates (Polar) or to hide coordinate values entirely.

For details about the settings you can configure on the 3D Format dialog box, see 3D Format Dialog Box on page 14-3-6.

Inserting Text into a 3D Graph Window

You can insert text into a 3D Graph window and delete it as required. For more information, see To write text on the Graph window on page 3-6-2, and To clear figures inserted using the Sketch menu on page 3-6-5.

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5-5-2 Other 3D Graph Application Functions

Calculating a z-value for Particular x- and y-values

Use the following procedure to calculate a z-value for given x- and y-values on the displayed graph.

uClassPad Operation (1) Draw the graph and make the 3D Graph window active.

(2) Tap [Analysis], and then [z-Cal].

This displays a dialog box for specifying the x- and y-values.

(3) Enter values for x and y, and then tap [OK].

This displays the x-, y-, and z-coordinate values on the 3D Graph window.

Inputting a value while you have a graph displayed, will display a dialog box for specifying an x- and y-value. You can use the dialog box to specify other x- and y-values.

To cancel the z-Cal operation, tap on the icon panel.

The message z-Cal on the 3D Graph window indicates a z-Cal operation is in progress.

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6

Using the Sequence Application The Sequence application provides you with the tools you need to work with explicit sequences and recursive type sequences.

6-1 Sequence Application Overview

6-2 Inputting an Expression in the Sequence Application

6-3 Recursive and Explicit Form of a Sequence

6-4 Using LinkTrace

Chapter

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6-1-1 Sequence Application Overview

6-1 Sequence Application Overview This section describes the configuration of the Sequence application window, and provides basic information about its menus and commands.

Starting up the Sequence Application

Use the following procedure to start up the Sequence application.

u ClassPad Operation On the application menu, tap H.

This starts the Sequence application and displays the Sequence Editor window and the Table window.

Message box Shows the value of the currently selected table cell.

Tabs: Select either [Recursive] or [Explicit].

Sequence Editor window

Table window: For creation and display of tables. (a) Title: Shows the equation used in the calculations. The title is not displayed when an item in column n is selected. (b) Column names

Tap to copy the area selected in the message box to the clipboard.

Tap to paste the clipboard contents at the current cursor position in the message box.

(a) (b)

Sequence Application Window

When you start up the Sequence application, two windows appear on the display screen: the Sequence Editor window and Table window.

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6-1-2 Sequence Application Overview

kSequence Editor Window Menus and Buttons O Menu

Cut the currently selected object and place it onto the clipboard*

Copy the currently selected object and place it onto the clipboard*

Paste the current clipboard contents onto the screen

Select all objects on the screen* Clear the active window

Cut

Copy

Paste

Select All Clear All

To do this: Select this Edit menu item:

* These commands are available only for line edit operation when the Graph or Table window is active.

Type Menu

Specify the type of expression you are inputting when the [Recursive] tab is displayed

an+1Type a0

an+1Type a1

an+2Type a0, a1

an+2Type a1, a2

To do this: Select this Type menu item:

Edit Menu

To do this: Select this O menu item: Configure settings for all applications Settings Display the soft keyboard Keyboard Display the Sequence Editor window Sequence Editor Display the Table window Table Display the Graph window Graph Display the Sequence RUN window Sequence RUN Start up the Main application Main Close the currently active window Close

Sequence Application Menus and Buttons

This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and buttons of the Sequence applications windows.

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Buttons

6-1-3 Sequence Application Overview

To do this: Tap this button: Create an ordered pair table

Create an arithmetic sequence table

Create a geometric sequence table

Create a progression of difference table

Create a Fibonacci sequence table

Display the Sequence RUN window

Specify an+1a0 as the recursion type

Specify an+1a1 as the recursion type

Specify an+2a0a1 as the recursion type

Specify an+2a1a2 as the recursion type

Input term-n of a recursion expression (Appears only when the [Explicit] tab is selected.)

Delete the term or value you are currently inputting into a recursion expression

Display the Sequence Table Input dialog box

Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1)

#

)

_

+

`

`

^

&

*

(

B

w

8

5

Register and save data input using the Sequence Editor {

a Menu

Clear the contents of the currently active tab sheet

Clear Sheet

To do this: Select this a menu item:

Input a recursion expression term when an+1Type is selected on the [Recursive] sheet Input a recursion expression term when an+2Type is selected on the [Recursive] sheet

Input a recursion expression term when the [Explicit] tab is selected

n, an, bn, or cn

n, an, bn, cn, an+1, bn+1, or cn+1

n, anE, bnE, or cnE

To do this: Select this n, an menu item:

n, an Menu

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k Sequence Graph Window Menus and Buttons Edit Menu The commands on this menu are identical to those for the Sequence Editor window [Edit] menu described on page 6-1-2.

Zoom Menu The commands on this menu are identical to those for the Graph & Table application [Zoom] menu described on page 3-1-4.

Analysis Menu The [Analysis] menu includes both [Trace] and [Sketch] items. For details about [Trace] and [Sketch], see page 3-1-5.

a Menu The commands on this menu are identical to those for the Graph & Table application a menu described on page 3-1-3.

6-1-4 Sequence Application Overview

Display the Sequence Editor window

Display the Sequence RUN window

Display the Sequence Table Input dialog box

Display the View Window dialog box

`

8

6

5

&

Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1)

To do this: Tap this button:

Buttons

a Menu

Regenerate the currently displayed table Save the contents of a table to a list

Delete the currently displayed table Execute a table and graph link trace

ReTable Table to List

Delete Table Link

To do this: Select this a menu item:

k Sequence Table Window Menus and Buttons Edit Menu The commands on the sequence Table window [Edit] menu are identical to those for the Sequence Editor window [Edit] menu described on page 6-1-2.

Graph Menu

Draw a connect type graph Draw a plot type graph

G-Connect G-Plot

To do this: Tap this button: Or select this Graph menu item: $ !

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Buttons

Create a sequence table

Display the Sequence Editor window

Display the Sequence Table Input dialog box

Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1)

&

8

6

5

#v

Display the View Window dialog box

To do this: Tap this button:

6-1-5 Sequence Application Overview

k Sequence RUN Window Menus and Buttons Edit Menu The commands on the Sequence RUN window [Edit] menu are identical to those for the Sequence Editor window [Edit] menu described on page 6-1-2.

n, an Menu

Input a recursion expression term n, an, bn, cn, an+1, bn+1, cn+1, an+2, bn+2, cn+2, anE, bnE, or cnE

To do this: Select one of these n, an menu items:

a0, a1 Menu

Calc Menu

Input the rSolve function Input the function

rSolve

To do this: Select this Calc menu items:

Display the Sequence Editor window

Create a sequence table

Display the Sequence RUN window

Display the Sequence Table Input dialog box

&

`

8

6

5

Display the View Window dialog box

Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1)

#v To do this: Tap this button:

Buttons

Input a recursion system variable a0, a1, a2, b0, b1, b2, c0, c1, or c2

To do this: Select one of these a0, a1 menu items:

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Sequence Application Status Bar

The status bar at the bottom of the Sequence application shows the current angle unit setting and [Complex Format] setting (page 14-3-2).

6-1-6 Sequence Application Overview

Angle unit Real mode

Rad Deg Cplx

Real

The angle unit setting is radians. The angle unit setting is degrees. The Complex (complex number calculation) mode is selected. The Real (real number calculation) mode is selected.

If you see this: It means this:

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6-2 Inputting an Expression in the Sequence Application

In the Sequence application, you input expressions using menus and buttons, without using the soft keyboard at the bottom of the window.

Inputting Data on the Sequence Editor Window

To input an expression, tap the input location you want ((a), (b), or (c)) to locate the cursor there. To input a recursion term, tap the [n,an] menu and then tap the term you want. If the [Explicit] tab is displayed, you can also use the toolbars B to input a term-n.

Inputting Data on the Sequence RUN Window

As with the Sequence Editor window, tap ` to display the Sequence RUN window and use the [n,an] menu to input recursion expression terms. You can also use the [a0,a1] menu to input system variables ranging from a0 to c2.

Tip You can also input recursion expression terms using the 9 keyboards K key set.

You can input recursion system variables (a0, anE, etc.) by tapping the ( tab on the soft keyboard to display the catalog keyboard. Next, tap the Form down arrow button, and then select [Sys].

6-2-1 Inputting an Expression in the Sequence Application

(a) (b) (c)

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6-3 Recursive and Explicit Form of a Sequence ClassPad supports use of three types of sequence expressions: an+1=, an+2= and anE.

Generating a Number Table

In addition to ordered pair tables, the Sequence application provides you with the means to generate arithmetic sequence tables*1, geometric sequence tables*2, progression of difference tables*3, and Fibonacci sequence tables*4.

*1 sequence table for determining if sequence is an arithmetic sequence *2 sequence table for determining if sequence is a geometric sequence *3 sequence table for determining if sequence is a progression of difference *4 sequence table for determining if sequence is a Fibonacci sequence

Example: To create a table (Fibonacci sequence table) for the recursion an+2 = an+1 + an, a1 = 1, a2 = 1

uClassPad Operation (1) Start up the Sequence Editor.

If you have another application running, tap m and then H.

If you have the Sequence application running, tap O and then [Sequence Editor].

(2) Tap the [Recursive] tab.

(3) Specify the recursion type by tapping [Type] and then [an+2Type a1,a2].

(4) Input the recursion expression.

Tap the input box to the right of an+2:, and then use the procedures under 6-2 Inputting an Expression in the Sequence Application to input the following.

[n,an] [an+1] + [n,an] [an] E (5) Input the initial value.

1E1E (6) Tap 8.

This causes the Sequence Table Input dialog box to appear.

(7) Input the n-value range as shown below, and then tap [OK].

Start:1 End:5

6-3-1 Recursive and Explicit Form of a Sequence

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(8) Tap the down arrow button next to #, and then select ` to create the table.

k Other Table Types The following show what the window looks like after you generate other types of tables.

6-3-2 Recursive and Explicit Form of a Sequence

Ordered Pair Table Arithmetic Sequence Table

In the above example, 4 Cells is selected for the [Cell Width Pattern] setting on the [Cell] tab of the Basic Format dialog box (page 14-3-3).

3 = 2 + 1

3 = 7 4

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Graphing a Recursion

An expression can be graphed as a connect type graph (G-Connect) or a plot type graph (G-Plot).

Example: To graph an+1 = 2an+1, a1 = 1

uClassPad Operation (1) Start up the Sequence Editor.

If you have another application running, tap m and then H.

If you have the Sequence application running, tap O and then [Sequence Editor].

(2) Tap the [Recursive] tab.

(3) Specify the recursion type by tapping [Type] and then [an+1Type a1].

(4) Input the recursion expression.

Tap the input box to the right of an+1:, and then use the procedures under 6-2 Inputting an Expression in the Sequence Application to input the following.

2 [n,an] [an]+1E (5) Input the initial value.

1E (6) Tap O and then [Settings] and [View Window].

This displays a dialog box for configuring View Window settings.

6-3-3 Recursive and Explicit Form of a Sequence

Geometric Sequence Table Progression of Difference Table

3 = 18 6 5 = 8 3

2 = 20 10

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(7) Configure View Window settings as shown below.

xmin = 0 xmax = 6 xscale = 1 xdot: (Specify auto setting.) ymin = 15 ymax = 65 yscale = 5 ydot: (Specify auto setting.)

(8) After everything is the way you want, tap [OK].

(9) Tap the down arrow button next to #, and then select + to create the table.

(10) Perform one of the following steps to draw the type of graph you want.

To draw a connect type graph, tap $.

6-3-4 Recursive and Explicit Form of a Sequence

To draw a plot type graph, tap !.

In the above example, 4 Cells is selected for the [Cell Width Pattern] setting on the [Cell] tab of the Basic Format dialog box (page 14-3-3).

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Determining the General Term of a Recursion Expression

The following procedure converts the sequence expressed by a recursion expression to the general term format an = f (n).

Example: To determine the general term of the recursion expression an+1 = an + 2, a1 = 1

uClassPad Operation (1) Start up the Sequence Editor.

If you have another application running, tap m and then H.

If you have the Sequence application running, tap O and then [Sequence Editor].

(2) Tap (or press) O, [Sequence RUN], [Calc], [rSolve], [n,an], [an+1], =, [n,an], [an], +, 2, ,, [a0,a1], [a1], =, 1, and then ).

(3) Press E.

6-3-5 Recursive and Explicit Form of a Sequence

Tip For information about the syntax of the rSolve function, see 2-7 Using the Action Menu.

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Calculating the Sum of a Sequence

Perform the following steps when you want to determine the sum of a specific range of the sequence of a recursion expression or a general term expression.

Example: To calculate the sum of the general term expression anE = n2 + 2n 1 in the range of 2 < n < 10

uClassPad Operation (1) Start up the Sequence Editor.

If you have another application running, tap m and then H.

If you have the Sequence application running, tap O and then [Sequence Editor].

(2) Tap (or press) O, [Sequence RUN], [Calc], [], [n,an], [n], {, 2, +, 2, [n,an], [n], -, 1, ,, [n,an], [n], ,, 2, ,, 1, 0, and then ).

(3) Press E.

Tip For information about the syntax of the function, see 2-7 Using the Action Menu.

6-3-6 Recursive and Explicit Form of a Sequence

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6-4 Using LinkTrace While the Table and Graph windows are on the display, you can activate LinkTrace. To do this, tap in the Table window to make it active. Next, tap a and then [Link]. While LinkTrace is active, the pointer on the Graph window jumps automatically to the point indicated by the coordinates in the currently selected table cell. Note that LinkTrace does not work when the selected cell is in the first column (column n).

6-4-1 Using LinkTrace

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Using the Statistics Application This chapter explains how to use the Statistics application. You can use the Statistics application to perform a variety of statistical calculations and to graph statistical data. Numeric data stored in lists can be used to perform Statistics application operations. This chapter also includes information about performing statistical tests, and calculating confidence intervals and distributions. Note that such statistical calculations are performed using statistical commands to create programs using the Program application.

7-1 Statistics Application Overview 7-2 Using List Editor

7-3 Before Trying to Draw a Statistical Graph

7-4 Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data

7-5 Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data 7-6 Using the Statistical Graph Window Toolbar

7-7 Performing Statistical Calculations

7-8 Test, Confidence Interval, and Distribution Calculations

7-9 Tests 7-10 Confidence Intervals

7-11 Distribution

7-12 Statistical System Variables

Chapter

7

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7-1-1 Statistics Application Overview

7-1 Statistics Application Overview This section describes the configuration of the Statistics application windows and provides basic information about its menus and commands.

The Statistics application provides you with the tools you need to perform the operations listed below. You can also use the Program application (page 12-7-4) to perform statistical operations.

u List data input and sorting

u Statistical graph drawing Single-variable statistical graphs (Normal Probability Plot, Histogram, Med-Box plot,

Modified-Box plot, Normal Distribution curve, Broken line graph) Paired-variable statistical graphs (Scatter diagram, xy line graph, various types of

regression graphs)

u Statistical calculation Single-variable statistical calculations Paired-variable statistical calculations Regression calculations Residual calculations

u Program Application Statistical Operations

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Starting Up the Statistics Application

Use the following procedure to start up the Statistics application.

uClassPad Operation

On the application menu, tap I.

This starts the Statistics application and displays the List Editor window.

7-1-2 Statistics Application Overview

Line number

Cell List name cell (variable name)

Line

Column

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List Editor Window Menus and Buttons

This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and buttons of the Statistical applications List Editor window.

7-1-3 Statistics Application Overview

To do this: Tap this button:

Or select this menu item:

Open an existing list (page 7-2-3) Edit - Open List

Close the currently selected list (page 7-2-4) Edit - Close List

Jump to line 1 of the current list (page 7-2-3) Edit - Jump to Top

Jump to the line after the last line of the current list (page 7-2-3) Edit - Jump to Bottom

LSort list data ascending (page 7-2-8) Edit - Sort(Ascending)

:Sort list data descending (page 7-2-8) Edit - Sort(Descending)

HDelete a cell (page 7-2-7) Edit - Delete - Cell

JDelete all of the data in a list (page 7-2-7) Edit - Delete - Column

Delete a list from memory (page 7-2-7) Edit - Delete - List Variable

KInsert a cell into a list (page 7-2-7) Edit - Insert Cell

O - Settings - View Window

O - Settings - Variable Manager

9Convert a mathematical expression to a value

yDraw a statistical graph

!Display Graph Editor window

~Display the Main application work area window

6Display the View Window dialog box

5Display the Variable Manager

SetGraph - SettingGDisplay the Set StatGraphs dialog box

SDisplay two columns in the List Editor window

DDisplay three columns in the List Editor window

FDisplay four columns in the List Editor window

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List Editor Window Status Bar

The status bar at the bottom of the List Editor window shows the current angle unit setting (page 14-3-2), statistics View Window setting (page 7-3-2), and decimal calculation setting (page 14-3-2).

3

Rad Deg Auto Standard

Decimal

The angle unit setting is radians. The angle unit setting is degrees. Statistics View Window settings are configured automatically. Statistics View Window settings need to be configured manually. Standard mode: Displays result in exact form (fractional format).

Decimal mode: Converts result to a decimal (approximate value).

It means this: If you see this:

1

2

3

1 2

7-1-4 Statistics Application Overview

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7-2-1 Using List Editor

7-2 Using List Editor Lists play a very important role in ClassPad statistical calculations. This section provides an overview of list operations and terminology. It also explains how to use the List Editor, a tool for creating and maintaining lists.

Basic List Operations

This section provides the basics of list operations, including how to start up the Statistics application, how to open a list, and how to close a list. It also tells you about list variables and how to use them.

kWhat is a list? A list is a type of data array that makes it possible to manipulate multiple data items as a group. A list has one column and can contain up to 9,999 rows. You can display up to 99 lists on the List Editor window. List operations are performed using the List Editor window, which appears whenever you start up the Statistics application. Lists are treated as variables, and like variables, are stored in a folder in the memory and can be manipulated using the Variable Manager. If a list is cleared from the display, it still exists in memory as a variable and can be recalled when needed.

Note See Inputting Data into a List for information about data input (page 7-2-4).

kUsing List Variables The list name is located in the cell at the top of each list. List variable names can be used inside of calculation formulas, just like any other variable name. The initial default List Editor window shows six lists (columns), named list1 through list6.

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kCreating a List A list starts out with an initial default name like list1, list2, list3, etc. The List Editor allows you to generate list data (list variables) quickly and easily.

Note The List Editor window has six default list variables, named list1 through list6. These lists

are system variables that are defined by the system. For more information about system variables, see Variable Types on page 1-7-2.

The list name can be changed from its default name, list1 through list6, to a name that you specify.

u To create a list (1) On the List Editor window, tap the list name cell at the top of the list you want to name.

This selects the list name cell.

(2) Enter up to eight bytes for the list name you want, and then press E.

You cannot use any ClassPad reserved words as list variable names. You also cannot specify a list name that is already used by another list.

Tip If you enter a list name that is already used for another list, tapping w displays the contents of

that list. The data of the existing list replaces data you have input on the List Editor window.

Entering a list name without specifying a folder stores the variable name in the current folder. To store the variable name in another folder, specify the folder name along with the list name. To store the variable name of a list named a in a folder named abc, for example, enter the following for the list name: abc\a.

kNavigating Around the List Editor Window The following describes the different techniques you can use to navigate around the List Editor window and select the cell you want.

u To select a cell Use the cursor key to move the highlighting up, down, left, and right. The List Editor window scrolls automatically whenever the highlighting reaches a cell at the edge of the window. You can also select a particular cell by tapping it with the stylus.

7-2-2 Using List Editor

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u To jump to the first or last line of a list (1) Select any cell in the list.

(2) On the menu bar, tap [Edit].

(3) Select one of the following commands to perform the type of operation you want.

7-2-3 Using List Editor

Move the cursor to line 1 of the list Jump to Top

Jump to Bottom

Select this command:To do this:

Move the cursor to the line following the last line that contains data If your list contains 14 entries, then the cursor will move

to the 15 entry. If your list contains 9999 entries (the maximum allowed),

then the cursor will move to line 9999.

kOpening a List Lists are saved in files under their list (variable) names. This means you can close a list and re-open it later when you need it. There are two different methods you can use to open a list: using the [Open List] command and inputting the name of the list in the list name cell of a column.

u To open an existing list using the Open List command (1) On the List Editor window, select any cell in the column where you want the list you will

open to appear.

(2) On the menu bar, tap [Edit] and then [Open List].

(3) In the list= box that appears, enter the variable name of the list you want to open, and then tap w.

Tip If you enter a variable name that does not match the names of any of the existing lists in step (3),

a new list is created using that name.

u To open an existing list by inputting its name in the list name cell (1) On the List Editor window, select the list name cell of the column where you want the

list you will open to appear.

(2) Enter the variable name of the list you want to open.

(3) Tap w to open the list.

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kClosing a List Closing a list saves it under its current list (variable) name. There are two different methods you can use to close a list: using the [Close List] command, and clearing the list name from its list name cell.

u To close a list using the Close List command (1) On the List Editor window, select any cell of the list you want to close.

(2) On the menu bar, tap [Edit] and then [Close List].

The selected list disappears from the display and is replaced by all blanks.

At this time, the list= box also appears. To open another list, enter its name into the list= box, and then tap w.

Tip This above operation clears the list from the display only. The list is still stored as a list variable in

memory, and can be opened when you need it again.

u To close a list by clearing its list name (1) On the List Editor window, select the list name cell of the column of the list you want to

close.

(2) Tap the list= box at the bottom of the List Editor window.

(3) Press the c key so the list (variable) name is cleared.

(4) Tap w.

Inputting Data into a List

Use the procedures in this section to input data and expressions into a list.

u To input a single data item (1) On the List Editor window, select the cell where you want to input the data item.

Use the cursor key to move the highlighting, or tap the cell with the stylus.

7-2-4 Using List Editor

String inputLine number where data is being input

Input data Cell where data is being input

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(2) Input the data you want.

To input a value

Use the input keypad or soft keyboard that appears when you press k. You can also access the soft keyboard by tapping O Menu.

To input a mathematical expression

Use the soft keyboard that appears when you press k.

When the Decimal Calculation check box is not selected (unchecked) on the Basic Format dialog box (page 14-3-2), any mathematical expression you input is stored as-is.

When the Decimal Calculation check box is selected, the mathematical expression is converted to a value before it is stored. Input of 1/2, for example, is converted to 0.5.

To input a string

Enclose text in quotation marks to make it a string. To input quotation marks, press k to display the soft keyboard, tap the 9 tab, and then tap K. For more information about strings, see page 12-6-41.

(3) Press E to store the data in the cell.

Selecting a cell that already contains data replaces the existing data with the new data.

Tip You can also input a variable name as list data. In this case, pressing E in step (3) causes

either of the following to happen.

7-2-5 Using List Editor

Defined variable

Undefined variable Variable name

Causes this to appear in the cell:Inputting this type of variable:

Variable contents (right aligned for value or left aligned for expression)

You need to assign a name to a list before you can input data. Trying to input data into an unnamed list will cause the cursor to jump automatically to the list name cell at the top of that list. For information on how to name lists, see Creating a List on page 7-2-2.

To convert an expression in a cell to a value, select the cell and then tap 9. Note that statistical calculations and graphing can be performed only using a list that contains

numeric values or mathematical expressions that can be converted into numeric values. An error occurs if you try to perform a statistical calculation or draw a graph using a list that contains a string or a non-convertible mathematical expression.

You cannot edit list data while the b icon is displayed in the Cal line.

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7-2-6 Using List Editor

u To batch input a set of data

Example: To input the values 1, 2, and 3 into list1

(1) On the List Editor window, select the Cal cell of the list where you want to input the data (list1 in this example).

(2) Enter {1,2,3}.

To input braces ({}), press k to display the soft keyboard, and then tap the 9 tab.

(3) Tap w.

Tip Separate values by commas. Do not input a comma following the last value.

Incorrect: {34,53,78,}

Correct: {34,53,78}

u To input calculation results into a cell

Example: To multiply the value of each cell in list1 by two and input the results in list2

(1) On the List Editor window, select the Cal cell of the list where you want to input the calculation results (list2 in this example).

(2) In the Cal= box, enter the calculation formula (list12 in this example).

(3) Press E to perform the calculation. The values in each cell of list1 are doubled, and the results are input into list2.

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Editing List Contents

Use the procedures in this section to delete and insert elements, to clear data, and to sort data.

u To delete a list cell (1) On the List Editor window, select the cell you want to delete.

(2) Tap [Edit].

(3) On the menu that appears, tap [Delete], and then tap [Cell] on the submenu that appears.

This deletes the cell and shifts all of the cells below it upwards.

Tip You can also delete a cell by selecting it and then pressing the c key.

Note that deleting a cell does not affect the cells in other lists. If the position of the cell you are deleting or the cells underneath it are aligned with certain cells of another list, deleting the cell will cause misalignment of the cells underneath it when they shift upwards.

u To delete all of the data in a list (1) On the List Editor window, select the list whose data you want to delete.

(2) Tap [Edit].

(3) On the menu that appears, tap [Delete]. On the submenu that appears, tap [Column].

(4) On the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to delete the list data, or [Cancel] to cancel the delete operation.

Tapping [OK] deletes all the data from the list, and leaves the empty list in memory.

u To delete a list from memory (1) On the List Editor window, select the list you want to delete.

(2) Tap [Edit].

(3) On the menu that appears, tap [Delete]. On the submenu that appears, tap [List Variable].

(4) On the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to delete the list, or [Cancel] to cancel the delete operation.

Tapping [OK] deletes the list from memory.

u To insert a cell into a list (1) On the List Editor window, select the list cell where you want to insert a new cell.

(2) On the menu bar, tap [Edit] and then [Insert Cell].

This inserts a cell at the current highlighted location, shifting all the cells below it downwards. The new cell contains the word Undefined.

7-2-7 Using List Editor

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Tip Note that inserting a cell does not affect the cells in other lists. If you insert a cell in a list that is

aligned with another list, the lists will become misaligned when the cells underneath are shifted downwards.

Sorting List Data

You can use the procedures in this section to sort the data of a list in ascending or descending order. Note that the location of the highlighting does not have any affect on a sort operation.

u To sort a single list (1) On the List Editor window, tap [Edit] and then [Sort(Ascending)] or [Sort(Descending)].

(2) In response to the How Many Lists? prompt that appears, select 1 and then tap [OK].

(3) In response to the Select List Name prompt that appears, tap the down arrow button and then select the name (variable name) of the list you want to sort.

(4) Tap [OK] to sort the data.

u To sort multiple lists on a base list (1) On the List Editor window, tap [Edit] and then [Sort(Ascending)] or [Sort(Descending)].

(2) In response to the How Many Lists? prompt that appears, tap the down arrow button and then specify the number of lists you want to sort.

(3) Tap [OK].

(4) In response to the Select Base List prompt that appears, tap the down arrow button and then select the name (variable name) of the list on which you want the sort to be based.

(5) Tap [OK].

(6) In response to the Select Second List prompt that appears, tap the down arrow button and then select the name (variable name) of the second list to be sorted.

(7) Tap [OK].

(8) Repeat steps (6) and (7) as many times as necessary to specify all of the lists to be sorted.

Tapping [OK] after selecting the final list executes the actual sort operation.

7-2-8 Using List Editor

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Controlling the Number of Displayed List Columns

You can use the following procedures to control how many list columns appear on the Statistics application window. You can select 2, 3, or 4 columns.

u To specify the number of columns for the list display On the List Editor window, tap S (two columns), D (three columns) or F (four columns) to specify the width. You will need to tap the arrow button on the right end of the toolbar to see the icons.

Tip You can also specify the number of display cells using the [Cell Width Pattern] setting on the

[Cell] tab of the Basic Format dialog box (page 14-3-3).

When you have the List Editor window displayed along with a second window, you can make the List Editor window active and then tap the r button on the icon panel to expand the List Editor window to fill the entire display. For more information, see Using a Dual Window Display on page 1-5-1.

Clearing All List Editor Data

Use the following procedure to initialize the List Editor and clear all currently displayed data. Following this procedure, the List Editor shows six empty lists, named list1 through list6.

Warning! Performing the following procedure clears all the data from List Editor window list1 through

list6.

u To clear all list editor data (1) On the List Editor window, tap [Edit] and then [Clear All].

(2) On the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to clear the all list data or [Cancel] to cancel the clear operation.

After you tap [OK], the List Editor window shows six empty lists (three lists visible on the ClassPad display at a time), named list1 through list6.

7-2-9 Using List Editor

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7-3 Before Trying to Draw a Statistical Graph Before drawing a statistical graph, you need to first configure its StatGraph setup using the [SetGraph] menu. The StatGraph setup allows you to configure parameters to control the graph type, the lists that contain a graphs data, the type of plot markers to be used, and other settings. Up to nine StatGraph setups, named StatGraph1, StatGraph2, and so on, can be stored in memory for later recall.

Using the SetGraph Menu

Tapping [SetGraph] on the List Editor window menu bar displays a menu like the one shown below.

7-3-1 Before Trying to Draw a Statistical Graph

The following describes what you can do with each of the [SetGraph] menu items. See the following pages for details about performing each type of operation.

Do this:When you want to do this: Display a dialog box for specifying the graph type and data list for each StatGraph setup Tap [Setting].

Select a StatGraph setup for graphing

Select the check box(es) next to the StatGraph setup(s) you want to graph. This can also be achieved by tapping [Setting...] and scrolling through StatGraph1 through StatGraph9.

Overlay a function graph on a statistical graph Select the check box next to [Graph Function].

Turn off function graph overlay Clear the check box next to [Graph Function]. Graph the results of the last regression calculation you performed

Select the check box next to [Previous Reg].

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Configuring StatGraph Setups

Use the procedure below to display the Set StatGraphs dialog box and configure the nine StatGraph setups.

u To display the Set StatGraphs dialog box (1) On the List Editor window, tap [SetGraph] and then [Setting].

This displays the Set StatGraphs dialog box.

7-3-2 Before Trying to Draw a Statistical Graph

There is a tab for each StatGraph setup, named StatGraph1 through StatGraph9.

(2) Tap the tab selection buttons to display the tab for the StatGraph setup whose configuration you want to change.

(3) Configure the StatGraph setup settings you want as described below, and then tap [Set]. This will apply the settings for all nine StatGraphs.

To exit the Set StatGraphs dialog box without changing any settings, tap [Cancel] instead of [Set].

Tab selection buttons

Tabs

Do this:When you want to do this:

Turn off graphing of the last regression calculation results

Clear the check box next to [Previous Reg].

Have Statistics View Window settings configured automatically

Tap [Stat Window Auto] and then select [On].

Configure Statistics View Window settings manually

Tap [Stat Window Auto] and then select [Off].

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u XList

Tap the down arrow button, and then select the name of the list (list1 through list6, or a list name you assigned) that you want to use for x-axis data. You need to specify only an XList in the case of single-variable statistics (page 7-4-1). The

initial default [XList] setting is list1.

u YList

Tap the down arrow button, and then select the name of the list (list1 through list6, or a list name you assigned) that you want to use for y-axis data. Specify a YList in addition to an XList in the case of paired-variable statistics (page 7-5-1).

The initial default [YList] setting is list2.

7-3-3 Before Trying to Draw a Statistical Graph

u Draw

Scatter plot Scatter xy line graph xyLine

Normal probability plot NPPlot Histogram Histogram Med-box plot MedBox Modified-box plot ModBox Normal distribution curve NDist Broken line graph Broken Linear regression graph LinearR Med-Med graph MedMed Quadratic regression graph QuadR Cubic regression graph CubicR Quartic regression graph QuartR Logarithmic regression graph LogR Exponential regression graph (y = a.eb.x) ExpR Exponential regression graph (y = a.bx) abExpR Power regression graph PowerR Sinusoidal regression graph SinR Logistic regression graph LogisticR

Select this option:To draw this type of graph:

Draw the graph using the StatGraph setup of the current tab Not draw the graph using the StatGraph setup of the current tab

On Off

Select this option:To do this:

u Type

Tap the down arrow button, and then select the graph type from the list that appears.

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7-3-4 Before Trying to Draw a Statistical Graph

The initial default frequency setting is 1. Specifying a list that causes each data value to be plotted five times helps to improve the appearance of scatter plots.

A list of frequency values can contain non-zero integers and decimal values. In the case of a MedBox, ModBox, or MedMed graph, however, a frequency list can contain positive integers only. Non-integer values (such as those with a decimal part) cause an error during statistical calculations.

u Mark

Tap the down arrow button, and select the shape you want to use for the plot points of a scatter diagram (Scatter), xy line graph (xyLine), or normal probability plot (NPPlot).

Plot each data value once 1

Select this option:To do this:

Specify a list whose values indicate the frequency of each data value

list1 list6 (or a list name you assigned)

u Freq

Tap the down arrow button, and then select the frequency setting from the list that appears.

square

cross ldot dot

MarkMark Name

Tip The default graph setting for all nine StatGraph setups is a scatter plot (Scatter).

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7-4 Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data Single-variable data is data that consists of a single value. If you are trying to obtain the average height of the members of a single class, for example, the single variable would be height. Single-variable statistics include distributions and sums. You can produce any of the graphs described below using single-variable data. Before trying to draw any of the graphs described below, configure the graph setup using the procedures under Configuring StatGraph Setups on page 7-3-2.

Normal Probability Plot (NPPlot)

The normal probability plot plots data against a theoretical normal distribution using a scatter plot. If the scatter plot is close to a straight line, then the data is approximately normal. A departure from the straight line indicates a departure from normality.

kGraph Parameter Settings (page 7-3-3, 7-3-4) [XList] specifies the list that contains the data to be plotted. [Mark] specifies the shape of the plot mark.

7-4-1 Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data

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7-4-2 Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data

Med-Box Plot (MedBox)

This type of graph is often called a Box and Whisker graph. It lets you see how a large number of data items are grouped within specific ranges.

minX Q1 Med Q3 maxX

minX minimum

DescriptionLabel Meaning

The datas smallest value Q1 First Quartile The median between minX and Med.

Med Median The median of all the data values. If you have 13 values, for example, this is the value at position seven (six values left and right).

Q3 Third Quartile The median between maxX and Med. maxX maximum The datas largest value

The lines from minX to Q1, and from Q3 to maxX are called whiskers.

Histogram Bar Graph (Histogram)

A histogram shows the frequency (frequency distribution) of each data class as a rectangular bar. Classes are on the horizontal axis, while frequency is on the vertical axis.

kGraph Parameter Settings (page 7-3-3, 7-3-4) [XList] specifies the list that contains the data to be graphed. [Freq] specifies the frequency of the data.

Tap [OK].

e

A dialog box like the one shown above appears before the graph is drawn. You can use this dialog box to change the start value (HStart) and step value (HStep) of the histogram, if you want.

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7-4-3 Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data

kGraph Parameter Settings (page 7-3-3, 7-3-4) [XList] specifies the list that contains the data to be plotted. [Freq] specifies the frequency of the data.

Tip When specifying a list of frequency values, make sure that the list contains positive integers only.

Non-integer values (such as those with a decimal part) cause an error during statistical calculations.

Modified-Box Plot (ModBox)

The modified box plot uses the 1.5 IQR Rule to define limits for outliers, which are values that do not follow the same pattern as the rest of the data. The letters IQR stand for Interquartile Range, which is the length of the box of the MedBox graph described in the preceding section. IQR is calculated as follows: IQR = Q3 (third quartile) Q1 (first quartile). Any value that is 1.5 IQR below the first quartile or 1.5 IQR above the third quartile is an outlier. Outliers are indicated as squares.

y = 1

2 n

e

2n 2

(xx) 2

kGraph Parameter Settings (page 7-3-3, 7-3-4) [XList] specifies the list that contains the data to be plotted. [Freq] specifies the frequency of the data.

Tip When specifying a list of frequency values, make sure that the list contains positive integers only.

Non-integer values (such as those with a decimal part) cause an error during statistical calculations.

Normal Distribution Curve (NDist)

The normal distribution curve is graphed using the following normal distribution function.

Outliers

Q1 (1.5 IQR) Q1 Q3 Q3 + (1.5 IQR)

Outliers

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7-4-4 Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data

Tap [OK].

e

A dialog box like the one shown above appears before the graph is drawn. You can use this dialog box to change the start value (HStart) and step value (HStep) of the histogram, if you want.

kGraph Parameter Settings (page 7-3-3, 7-3-4) [XList] specifies the list that contains the data to be graphed. [Freq] specifies the frequency of the data.

Broken Line Graph (Broken)

In the broken line graph, lines connect the pointers that fall at the center of each histogram bar.

kGraph Parameter Settings (page 7-3-3, 7-3-4) [XList] specifies the list that contains the data to be graphed. [Freq] specifies the frequency of the data.

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7-5 Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data With paired-variable statistical data there are two values for each data item. An example of paired-variable statistical data would be the change in size of an iron bar as its temperature changes. One variable would be temperature, and the other variable is the corresponding bar size. Your ClassPad lets you produce any of the graphs described in this section using paired-variable data. Before trying to draw any of the graphs described below, configure the graph setup using the procedures under Configuring StatGraph Setups on page 7-3-2.

Drawing a Scatter Plot and xy Line Graph

Use the procedure below to plot a scatter diagram and then connect the dots to produce an xy line graph.

Example: Input the paired-variable data shown below. Next, plot the data on a scatter diagram and then connect the dots to produce an xy line graph.

list1 = 0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4.0, 5.2 list2 = 2.1, 0.3, 1.5, 2.0, 2.4

uClassPad Operation (1)m I (2) Input the data shown above.

(3) Tap [SetGraph] and then [Setting], or tap G.

(4) On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the scatter plot settings shown below, and then tap [Set].

Draw: On Type: Scatter XList: list1 YList: list2

(5) Tap y to plot the scatter plot.

(6) Tap the List window to make it active.

(7) Tap [SetGraph] and then [Setting], or tap G.

(8) On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the xy line graph settings shown below, and then tap [Set].

Draw: On Type: xyLine XList: list1 YList: list2

7-5-1 Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data

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(9) Tap y to draw the xy line graph.

7-5-2 Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data

Drawing a Regression Graph

Use the procedures below to input paired-variable statistical data. Next perform regression using the data and then graph the results. Note that you can draw a regression graph without performing the regression calculation.

Example 1: Input the paired-variable data shown below and plot the data on a scatter diagram. Next, perform logarithmic regression on the data to display the regression parameters, and then draw the regression graph.

list1 = 0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4.0, 5.2 list2 = 2.1, 0.3, 1.5, 2.0, 2.4

uClassPad Operation (1)m I (2) Input the data shown above.

(3) Tap [SetGraph] and then [Setting], or tap G.

(4) On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the settings shown below, and then tap [Set].

Draw: On Type: Scatter XList: list1 YList: list2

(5) Tap y to plot the scatter diagram.

Scatter diagram xy line graph

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7-5-3 Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data

(6) Tap [Calc] [Logarithmic Reg]

(7) Tap [OK]

(8) Tap [OK] "

Tip You can perform trace (page 3-7-1) on a regression graph. Trace scroll, however, is not

supported when a scatter diagram is displayed.

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Example 2: Input the paired-variable data shown below (which is the same data as Example 1), and then draw the regression graph without performing regression calculation.

list1 = 0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4.0, 5.2 list2 = 2.1, 0.3, 1.5, 2.0, 2.4

uClassPad Operation (1)m I (2) Input the data shown above.

(3) Tap [SetGraph] and then [Setting], or tap G.

(4) On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the settings shown below, and then tap [Set].

Draw: On Type: LogR XList: list1 YList: list2

(5) Tap y to graph.

7-5-4 Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data

Graphing Previously Calculated Regression Results

Performing the following procedure graphs the last set of regression results you calculated. Use this procedure when you want to perform statistical calculations without graphing first, and then graph the results.

uClassPad Operation (1) [SetGraph]

(2) On the menu that appears, select the [Previous Reg] check box.

(3) Tap the Graph window or y to graph the last set of regression results you calculated.

Tip Calculated regression results are stored in memory whenever you perform a regression

calculation from the List Editor menu or from the Statistical Graph [Calc] menu.

The [Previous Reg] check box described in step (2) above is selected automatically whenever you perform a regression calculation from the List Editor menu or from the Statistical Graph [Calc] menu.

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Drawing a Linear Regression Graph

Linear regression uses the method of least squares to determine the equation that best fits your data points, and returns values for the slope and y-intercept. The graphic representation of this relationship is a linear regression graph.

uClassPad Operation Start the graphing operation from the Statistics applications Graph window or List window.

From the Graph window Tap [Calc] [Linear Reg] [OK] [OK] ".

From the List window Tap [SetGraph] [Setting], or G.

On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the setting shown below, and then tap [Set].

Type: LinearR

Tap y to draw the graph.

7-5-5 Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data

The following is the linear regression model formula. y = ax + b

a : regression coefficient (slope)

b : regression constant term (y-intercept)

r : correlation coefficient

r2 : coefficient of determination

MSe : mean square error

MSe = 1 n 2 i=1

n

(yi (axi+ b))2

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Drawing a Med-Med Graph

When you suspect that the data contains extreme values, you should use the Med-Med graph (which is based on medians) in place of the linear regression graph. Med-Med graph is similar to the linear regression graph, but it also minimizes the effects of extreme values.

uClassPad Operation Start the graphing operation from the Statistics applications Graph window or List window.

From the Graph window Tap [Calc] [MedMed Line] [OK] [OK] ".

From the List window Tap [SetGraph][Setting...], or G.

On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the setting shown below, and then tap [Set].

Type: MedMed

Tap y to draw the graph.

7-5-6 Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data

The following is the Med-Med model formula. y = ax + b

a : Med-Med graph slope

b : Med-Med graph y-intercept

Tip When specifying a list of frequency values, make sure that the list contains positive integers only.

Non-integer values (such as those with a decimal part) cause an error during statistical calculations.

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Drawing Quadratic, Cubic, and Quartic Regression Graphs

You can draw a quadratic, cubic, or quartic regression graph based on the plotted points. These graphs use the method of least squares to draw a curve that passes the vicinity of as many data points as possible. These graphs can be expressed as quadratic, cubic, and quartic regression expressions.

The following procedure shows how to graph a quadratic regression only. Graphing the cubic and quartic regressions are similar.

uClassPad Operation (Quadratic Regression) Start the graphing operation from the Statistics applications Graph window or List window.

From the Graph window Tap [Calc] [Quadratic Reg] [OK] [OK] ". For cubic regression tap [Cubic Reg] and for quartic regression tap [Quartic Reg]

instead of [Quadratic Reg].

From the List window Tap [SetGraph][Setting...], or G.

On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the setting shown below, and then tap [Set].

Type: QuadR

For cubic regression select [CubicR] and for quartic regression tap [QuartR] instead of [QuadR].

Tap y to draw the graph.

7-5-7 Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data

The following are the model formulas for each type of regression.

Quadratic Regression

Model Formula: y = ax2 + bx + c

a : quadratic regression coefficient

b : linear regression coefficient

c : regression constant term (y-intercept)

r2 : coefficient of determination

MSe : mean square error

MSe = 1 n 3 i=1

n

(yi (axi + bxi+ c))22

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Cubic Regression

Model Formula: y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d

a : cubic regression coefficient

b : quadratic regression coefficient

c : linear regression coefficient

d : regression constant term (y-intercept)

r2 : coefficient of determination

MSe : mean square error

Quartic Regression

Model Formula: y = ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e

a : quartic regression coefficient

b : cubic regression coefficient

c : quadratic regression coefficient

d : linear regression coefficient

e : regression constant term (y-intercept)

r2 : coefficient of determination

MSe : mean square error

MSe = 1 n 4 i=1

n

(yi (axi 3+ bxi

2+ cxi +d ))2

MSe = 1 n 5 i=1

n

(yi (axi 4+ bxi

3 + cxi

2 + dxi

+ e))2

7-5-8 Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data

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Drawing a Logarithmic Regression Graph

Logarithmic regression expresses y as a logarithmic function of x. The normal logarithmic regression formula is y = a + b ln(x). If we say that X = ln(x), then this formula corresponds to the linear regression formula y = a + bX.

uClassPad Operation Start the graphing operation from the Statistics applications Graph window or List window.

From the Graph window Tap [Calc] [Logarithmic Reg] [OK] [OK] ".

From the List window Tap [SetGraph][Setting...], or G.

On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the setting shown below, and then tap [Set].

Type: LogR

Tap y to draw the graph.

7-5-9 Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data

The following is the logarithmic regression model formula.

y = a + bln(x)

a : regression constant term

b : regression coefficient

r : correlation coefficient

r2 : coefficient of determination

MSe : mean square error

MSe = 1 n 2 i=1

n

(yi (a + bln (xi)))2

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Drawing a Exponential Regression Graph ( y = aebx)

Exponential regression can be used when y is proportional to the exponential function of x. The normal exponential regression formula is y = a ebx. If we obtain the logarithms of both sides, we get ln(y) = ln(a) + b.x. Next, if we say that Y = ln(y) and A = In(a), the formula corresponds to the linear regression formula Y = A + b.x.

uClassPad Operation Start the graphing operation from the Statistics applications Graph window or List window.

From the Graph window Tap [Calc] [Exponential Reg] [OK] [OK] ".

From the List window Tap [SetGraph][Setting...], or G.

On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the setting shown below, and then tap [Set].

Type: ExpR

Tap y to draw the graph.

7-5-10 Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data

The following is the exponential regression model formula in this case.

y = a ebx

a : regression coefficient

b : regression constant term

r : correlation coefficient

r2 : coefficient of determination

MSe : mean square error

MSe = 1 n 2 i=1

n

(ln (yi) (ln (a) + bxi ))2

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Drawing a Exponential Regression Graph ( y = abx)

Exponential regression can be used when y is proportional to the exponential function of x. The normal exponential regression formula in this case is y = abx. If we take the natural logarithms of both sides, we get ln(y) = ln(a) + (ln(b)) x. Next, if we say that Y = ln(y), A = ln(a) and B = ln(b), the formula corresponds to the linear regression formula Y = A + Bx.

uClassPad Operation Start the graphing operation from the Statistics applications Graph window or List window.

From the Graph window Tap [Calc] [abExponential Reg] [OK] [OK] ".

From the List window Tap [SetGraph][Setting...], or G.

On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the setting shown below, and then tap [Set].

Type: abExpR

Tap y to draw the graph.

7-5-11 Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data

The following is the exponential regression model formula in this case.

y = abx

a : regression coefficient

b : regression constant term

r : correlation coefficient

r2 : coefficient of determination

MSe : mean square error

MSe = 1 n 2 i=1

n

(ln (yi) (ln (a) + (ln (b)) . xi))2

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Drawing a Power Regression Graph ( y = axb)

Power regression can be used when y is proportional to the power of x. The normal power regression formula is y = a xb. If we obtain the logarithms of both sides, we get ln(y) = ln(a) + b ln(x). Next, if we say that X = ln(x), Y = ln(y), and A = ln(a), the formula corresponds to the linear regression formula Y = A + bX.

uClassPad Operation Start the graphing operation from the Statistics applications Graph window or List window.

From the Graph window Tap [Calc] [Power Reg] [OK] [OK] ".

From the List window Tap [SetGraph][Setting...], or G.

On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the setting shown below, and then tap [Set].

Type: PowerR

Tap y to draw the graph.

7-5-12 Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data

The following is the power regression model formula.

y = axb

a : regression coefficient

b : regression power

r : correlation coefficient

r2 : coefficient of determination

MSe : mean square error

MSe = 1 n 2 i=1

n

(ln (yi) (ln (a) + bln (xi)))2

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The following is the sinusoidal regression model formula.

y = asin(bx + c) + d

Tip Make sure that Radian is selected for the [Angle] setting on the Basic Format dialog box (page

14-3-2) before drawing a sinusoidal regression graph. The graph cannot be drawn correctly when the [Angle] setting is Degree.

Certain types of data may cause calculation to take a long time. This is normal and does not indicate malfunction.

Drawing a Sinusoidal Regression Graph ( y = asin(bx + c) + d)

Sinusoidal regression is best for data that repeats at a regular fixed interval over time.

uClassPad Operation Start the graphing operation from the Statistics applications Graph window or List window.

From the Graph window Tap [Calc] [Sinusoidal Reg] [OK] [OK] ".

From the List window Tap [SetGraph][Setting...], or G.

On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the setting shown below, and then tap [Set].

Type: SinR

Tap y to draw the graph.

7-5-13 Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data

MSe = 1 n 2 i=1

n

(yi (asin (bxi + c) + d ))2

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Drawing a Logistic Regression Graph ( )

Logistic regression is best for data whose values continually increase over time, until a saturation point is reached.

uClassPad Operation Start the graphing operation from the Statistics applications Graph window or List window.

From the Graph window Tap [Calc] [Logistic Reg] [OK] [OK] ".

From the List window Tap [SetGraph][Setting...], or G.

On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the setting shown below, and then tap [Set].

Type: LogisticR

Tap y to draw the graph.

7-5-14 Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data

The following is the logistic regression model formula.

MSe = 1 n 2 1 + ae-bxi

C i=1

n

yi 2

Tip Certain types of data may cause calculation to take a long time. This is normal and does not

indicate malfunction.

y = c 1 + aebx

y = c 1 + aebx

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Overlaying a Function Graph on a Statistical Graph

You can overlay an existing statistical graph with any type of function graph.

Example: Input the two sets of data shown below, and plot the data on a scatter plot. Next, overlay the scatter plot with the graph of y = 2 ln(x).

list1 = 0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4.0, 5.2 list2 = 2.1, 0.3, 1.5, 2.0, 2.4

uClassPad Operation (1)m I (2) Input the data shown above.

(3) Tap [SetGraph][Setting...].

(4) On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the settings shown below, and then tap [Set].

Draw: On Type: Scatter XList: list1 YList: list2

(5) Tap y to draw the graph.

(6) Tap the List window to make it active, and then tap !.

(7) Input the following function into line y1: 2 ln(x).

(8) Tap O and then [Close] to close the Graph Editor window.

(9) Tap [SetGraph] on the menu bar. On the menu that appears, select the [Graph Function] check box.

(10) Tap y to draw the graph.

7-5-15 Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data

Tip After drawing a function graph, you can perform trace and other functions.

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7-6 Using the Statistical Graph Window Toolbar The following describes the operations you can perform using the toolbar on the Statistical Graph window.

7-6-1 Using the Statistical Graph Window Toolbar

Display the List Editor window (

Display the Graph Editor window !

Redraw the displayed graph "

Display the View Window dialog box 6

Toggle the [Stat Window Auto] setting between auto and manual s

Start a trace operation =

Start a box zoom operation Q

Enlarge the display image (zoom in) W

Reduce the display image (zoom out) E

Display the Set StatGraphs dialog box G

Display the Main application work area window ~

Display the Variable Manager 5

Tap this button:To do this:

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7-7 Performing Statistical Calculations You can perform statistical calculations without drawing a graph by tapping [Calc] on the menu bar.

Viewing Single-variable Statistical Calculation Results

Besides using a graph, you can also use the following procedure to view the single-variable statistics parameter values.

u To display single-variable calculation results (1) On the menu bar, tap [Calc] and then [One-Variable].

(2) On the dialog box that appears, specify the [XList] name and select the [Freq] setting (page 7-3-3, 7-3-4).

(3) Tap [OK].

7-7-1 Performing Statistical Calculations

This displays the Stat Calculation dialog box with the single-variable statistical calculation results described below. You can use the scrollbar to scroll the results.

o : mean

x : sum of data

x2 : sum of squares

xn : population standard deviation

xn1 : sample standard deviation

n : sample size

minX : minimum

Q1 : first quartile

Med : median

Q3 : third quartile

maxX : maximum

Mode : mode*

ModeN : number of data mode items

ModeF : data mode frequency

* If Mode = ModeStat is shown on the Stat Calculation dialog box, it means that solutions are stored in the ModeStat system variable. To view the solutions, tap any list name cell on the List Editor window, input ModeStat, and then tap w. This will display the ModeStat system variable contents in the list.

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Viewing Paired-variable Statistical Calculation Results

Besides using a graph, you can also use the following procedure to view the paired-variable statistics parameter values.

u To display paired-variable calculation results (1) On the menu bar, tap [Calc] and then [Two-Variable].

(2) On the dialog box that appears, specify the [XList] name and [YList] name, and select the [Freq] setting (page 7-3-3, 7-3-4).

(3) Tap [OK].

7-7-2 Performing Statistical Calculations

This displays the Stat Calculation dialog box with the paired-variable statistical calculation results described below. You can use the scrollbar to scroll the results.

o : mean of XList data

x : sum of XList data

x2 : sum of squares of XList data

xn : population standard deviation of XList data

xn1 : sample standard deviation of XList data

n : sample size

p : mean of YList data

y : sum of YList data

y2 : sum of squares of YList data

yn : population standard deviation of YList data

yn1 : sample standard deviation of YList data

xy : sum of products of XList and YList data

minX : minimum of XList data

maxX : maximum of XList data

minY : minimum of YList data

maxY : maximum of YList data

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Viewing Regression Calculation Results

To view regression calculation results, tap [Calc] on the menu bar and then tap the type of calculation results you want.

7-7-3 Performing Statistical Calculations

You can also use the [DispStat] option to display the last calculated statistical results. For details about regression calculation results, see 7-5 Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data.

Residual Calculation

Residual calculation calculates the distance (residual) between the regression model and an actual plotted point (y-coordinates) during regression calculations.

uClassPad Operation (1)m I (2) Input the data you want into a list.

(3) Tap [Calc] and then [Linear Reg].

(4) On the dialog box that appears, tap the [Residual Calc] down arrow button, and then select On from the list that appears.

Whenever the [Residual Calc] setting is configured as described above, the ClassPad automatically assigns residual data to a system variable named residual when you perform a regression calculation. You can use the following procedure to view the current residual system variable values.

Linear regression Linear Reg Med-Med MedMed Line Quadratic regression Quadratic Reg Cubic regression Cubic Reg Quartic regression Quartic Reg Logarithmic regression Logarithmic Reg Exponential regression (y = aebx) Exponential Reg Exponential regression (y = abx) abExponential Reg Power regression Power Reg Sinusoidal regression Sinusoidal Reg Logistic regression Logistic Reg

Tap this option:To view these calculation results:

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u To view residual system variable values

7-7-4 Performing Statistical Calculations

(1) Tap here.

(2) Tap here, and enter residual.

To input lower-case alpha characters, tap the soft keyboards 0 tab.

(3) Tap w.

Values assigned to the residual system variable shows the vertical distances between actually plotted points and the regression model.

A positive value indicates a plot that is higher than the regression model, while a negative value indicates a plot that is lower.

Copying a Regression Formula to the Graph & Table Application

You can use the following procedure to copy the calculated result of a regression formula to the Graph & Table application. There you can use Graph functions to edit and graph the formula, and perform other operations.

uClassPad Operation (1) On the List window menu bar, tap [Calc] and then [Linear Reg].

(2) On the dialog box that appears, tap the [Copy Formula] down arrow button, and then select the Graph & Table line number (y1 through y20) to which you want to copy the formula.

(3) Tap [OK].

This copies the calculated regression expression to the line (y1 through y20) you selected.

(1)

(2)

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7-8 Test, Confidence Interval, and Distribution Calculations

Test, confidence interval, and distribution calculations are all performed using the ClassPads Program application. The following is a general overview of the steps that are involved.

1. Use statistical commands to build the necessary expressions and write them into the program.

2. Write the DispStat command into the program.

The DispStat is a command for displaying statistical calculation results. Statistical calculation results cannot be displayed unless the program includes a DispStat command.

3. Save the program.

4. Run the program.

kExample 1: 1-Sample ZTest condition : 0 : 0 : 3 o : 24.5 n : 48

uClassPad Operation (1)m p (2) Tap O.

(3) On the New File dialog box that appears, configure the settings as described below.

Type: Program(Normal) Folder: Select the name of the folder where you want to save the program you are

creating. Name: Enter a file name for the program.

Example: ztestone

(4) Tap [OK].

(5) Input commands and values for the statistical expression, and then tap w.

(6) Input the DispStat command, and then tap w.

7-8-1 Test, Confidence Interval, and Distribution Calculations

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7-8-2 Test, Confidence Interval, and Distribution Calculations

(7) Tap { to save the program.

(8) Tap ).

(9) On the dialog box that appears, tap the [Name] down arrow button, and then tap the name of the file you input in step (3).

(10) Tap p.

kExample 2: Two-Way ANOVA The values in the table below are measurement results that show how the durability of a metal product is affected by changes in heat treatment time (A) and temperature (B). Experiments were conducted twice under each condition.

Perform analysis of variance on the null hypotheses listed below, using a 5% level of significance.

H0 : Change in time does not affect durability.

H0 : Change in treatment temperature does not affect durability.

H0 : Changes in time and treatment temperature do not affect durability.

Use the ClassPad Two-Way ANOVA test to test the above hypotheses. Input the following measurement data into the indicated lists. This data is from the table above.

list1 (FactorList(A)) = {1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2}

list2 (FactorList(B)) = {1,1,2,2,1,1,2,2}

list3 (DependentList) = {113,116,139,132,133,131,126,122}

Time A1 113, 116 Temperature B1

139, 132 Time A2 133, 131 126, 122

Temperature B2

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uClassPad Operation (1)m p (2) Tap O.

(3) On the New File dialog box that appears, configure the settings as described below.

Type: Program(Normal) Folder: Select the name of the folder where you want to save the program you are

creating. Name: Enter a file name for the program.

Example: hyp

(4) Tap [OK].

(5) Input commands and values for the statistical expression, and then tap w.

(6) Input the DispStat command, and then tap w.

(7) Tap { to save the program.

(8) Tap ).

(9) On the dialog box that appears, tap the [Name] down arrow button, and then tap the name of the file you input in step (3).

(10) Tap p.

7-8-3 Test, Confidence Interval, and Distribution Calculations

The above results indicate that altering the time is not significant, altering the temperature is significant, and interaction between time and temperature is highly significant.

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7-9-1 Tests

7-9 Tests The following is a list of tests, and a description of what each one tests for.

Z Test

DescriptionTest Name

The Z Test provides a variety of different tests based on standard deviation based tests. They make it possible to test whether or not a sample accurately represents the population when the standard deviation of a population (such as the entire population of a country) is known from previous tests.

1-Sample Z Test Tests a hypothesis relative to a population mean when population standard deviation is known.

2-Sample Z Test Compares the population means of two populations when population standard deviation is known.

1-Prop Z Test Tests whether successes achieve a fixed proportion.

2-Prop Z Test Compares the proportion of successes for two populations.

t Test Used instead of the Z Test when the population standard deviation is unknown.

1-Sample t Test Tests a hypothesis relative to a population mean when population standard deviation is unknown.

2-Sample t Test Compares the population means of two populations when population standard deviation is unknown.

Linear Regression t Test Calculates the strength of the linear association of paired data.

2 Test

Tests hypotheses concerning the proportion of samples included in each of a number of independent groups. Mainly, the 2 Test generates cross-tabulation of two categorical variables (such as yes and no), and evaluates the independence of the variables.

2-Sample F Test Tests hypotheses concerning the ratio of the population variance of two populations.

ANOVA Tests the hypothesis that the population means of multiple populations are equal.

One-Way ANOVA Compares the mean of one or more groups based on one independent variable or factor.

Two-Way ANOVA Compares the mean of one or more groups based on two independent variables or factors.

The following pages explain how to perform various statistical calculations based on the above principles. Further details about statistical theory and terminology can be found in any standard statistics textbook.

Tip Always make sure you insert one space between a command and its parameters. In the following

examples, spaces are indicated as shown below.

Command: OneSampleZTest

Indicates a space.

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Test Command List

kZ Test

1-Sample Z Test

Command: OneSampleZTest

Description: Tests a hypothesis relative to a population mean when population standard deviation is known. A 1-Sample Z Test is used for normal distribution.

Z = o 0

n

o : mean of sample data 0 : assumed population mean : population standard deviation n : sample size

Command Syntax

Syntax 1 (list format) condition, 0 value, value, List, Freq (or 1) * Freq can be omitted. Doing so sets 1 for Freq.

Syntax 2 (parameter format) condition, 0 value, value, o value, n value

Definition of Terms

condition : population mean value test conditions ( specifies two-tail test, <specifies lower one-tail test, > specifies upper one-tail test.)

0 : assumed population mean : population standard deviation ( > 0) List : data list Freq : frequency (1 or list name) o : mean of sample data n : sample size (positive integer)

Input Example:

Syntax 1 (list format) OneSampleZTest ,0,1,list1,1

Syntax 2 (parameter format) OneSampleZTest ,0,1,11.82,1

Calculation Result Output

0: test condition z : z value p : p-value o: mean of sample data xn1: sample standard deviation (Displayed only for list format.) n: sample size

7-9-2 Tests

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7-9-3 Tests

2-Sample Z Test

Command: TwoSampleZTest

Description: Tests a hypothesis relative to the population mean of two populations when the standard deviations of the two populations are known. A 2-Sample Z Test is used for normal distributions.

Z = o1 o2

n1

1 2

n2

2 2

+

o1 : mean of sample 1 data o2 : mean of sample 2 data 1 : population standard deviation of sample 1 2 : population standard deviation of sample 2 n1 : size of sample 1 n2 : size of sample 2

Command Syntax

Syntax 1 (list format) 1 condition, 1 value, 2 value, List(1), List(2), Freq(1) (or 1), Freq(2) (or 1) * Freq can be omitted. Doing so sets 1 for Freq.

Syntax 2 (parameter format) 1 condition, 1 value, 2 value, o1 value, n1 value, o2 value, n2 value

Definition of Terms

1 condition : population mean value test conditions ( specifies two-tail test, < specifies one-tail test where sample 1 is less than sample 2, > specifies one-tail test where sample 1 is greater than sample 2).

1 : population standard deviation of sample 1 (1 > 0) 2 : population standard deviation of sample 2 (2 > 0) List(1) : list where sample 1 data is located List(2) : list where sample 2 data is located Freq(1) : frequency of sample 1 (1 or list name) Freq(2) : frequency of sample 2 (1 or list name) o1 : mean of sample 1 data n1 : size of sample 1 (positive integer) o2 : mean of sample 2 data n2 : size of sample 2 (positive integer)

Input Example:

Syntax 1 (list format) TwoSampleZTest ,1,1,list1,list2,1,1

Syntax 2 (parameter format) TwoSampleZTest ,1,1,11.5,10,15,20

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Calculation Result Output

1 2: test condition z: z value p: p-value o1: mean of sample 1 data o2: mean of sample 2 data x1n-1: standard deviation of sample 1 (Displayed only for list format.) x2n-1: standard deviation of sample 2 (Displayed only for list format.) n1: size of sample 1 n2: size of sample 2

1-Prop Z Test

Command: OnePropZTest

Description: This command tests whether successes achieve a fixed proportion. A 1-Prop ZTest is used for normal distribution.

Z = n x

n p0(1 p0)

p0 p0 : expected sample proportion n : sample size

Command Syntax

Prop condition, p0 value, x value, n value

Definition of Terms

Prop condition: sample proportion test condition ( specifies two-tail test, < specifies lower one-tail test, > specifies upper one-tail test.)

p0 : expected sample proportion (0 < p0 < 1) x : sample value (integer, x > 0) n : sample size (positive integer)

Input Example:

OnePropZTest ,0.5,2048,4040

Calculation Result Output

Prop0.5: test condition z: z value p: p-value p : estimated sample proportion n: sample size

7-9-4 Tests

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2-Prop Z Test

Command: TwoPropZTest

Description: This command compares the proportion of successes for two populations. A 2-Prop Z Test is used for normal distribution.

Z = n1

x1

n2

x2

p(1 p ) n1

1 n2

1+

x1 : data value of sample 1 x2 : data value of sample 2 n1 : size of sample 1 n2 : size of sample 2 p : estimated sample proportion

Command Syntax

p1 condition, x1 value, n1 value, x2 value, n2 value

Definition of Terms

p1 condition : sample proportion test conditions ( specifies two-tail test, < specifies one-tail test where sample 1 is smaller than sample 2, > specifies one-tail test where sample 1 is greater than sample 2.)

x1 : data value (integer, x1 > 0) of sample 1 n1 : size of sample 1 (positive integer) x2 : data value (integer, x2 > 0) of sample 2 n2 : size of sample 2 (positive integer)

Input Example:

TwoPropZTest >,15,20,25,30

Calculation Result Output

p1>p2 : test condition z : z value p : p-value p 1 : estimated proportion of sample 1 p 2 : estimated proportion of sample 2 p : estimated sample proportion n1 : size of sample 1 n2 : size of sample 2

7-9-5 Tests

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7-9-6 Tests

k t Test

1-Sample t Test

Command: OneSampleTTest

Description: Tests a hypothesis relative to a population mean when population standard deviation is unknown. A 1-Sample t Testis used for t distribution.

t = o 0

x n1

n

o : mean of sample data 0 : assumed population mean xn-1 : sample standard deviation n : sample size

Command Syntax

Syntax 1 (list format) condition, 0 value, List, Freq (or 1) * Freq can be omitted. Doing so sets 1 for Freq.

Syntax 2 (parameter format) condition, 0 value, o value, xn1 value, n value

Definition of Terms

condition : population mean value test conditions ( specifies two-tail test, < specifies lower one-tail test, > specifies upper one-tail test.)

0 : assumed population mean List : data list Freq : frequency (1 or list name) o : mean of sample data xn-1 : sample standard deviation (xn-1 > 0) n : sample size (positive integer)

Input Example:

Syntax 1 (list format) OneSampleTTest ,11.3,list1,1

Syntax 2 (parameter format) OneSampleTTest ,11.3,11.52,0.62,5

Calculation Result Output

11.3 : test condition t : t value p : p-value o : mean of sample data xn1 : sample standard deviation n : sample size

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2-Sample t Test

Command: TwoSampleTTest

Description: This command compares the population means of two populations when population standard deviation is unknown. A 2-Sample t Testis used for t distribution.

t = o1 o2

x1 n1 2

n1 +

x2 n1 2

n2

o1 : mean of sample 1 data o2 : mean of sample 2 data

x1n-1 : standard deviation of sample 1 x2n-1 : standard deviation of sample 2

n1 : size of sample 1 n2 : size of sample 2

This formula is applicable when the population standard deviations of the two populations are not equal. The denominator is different when the population standard deviations are equal.

The t distribution degrees of freedom df and xpn-1 differ according to whether the population standard deviations of the two populations are equal.

When the two population standard deviations are equal (pooled)

df = n1 + n2 2

xp n1 = n1 + n2 2 (n11)x1 n12 +(n21)x2 n12

When the two population standard deviations are not equal (not pooled)

df = 1 C 2

n11 +

(1C )2

n21

C = x1 n1

2 n1

+ x2 n1

2 n2

x1 n1 2

n1

Command Syntax

Syntax 1 (list format) 1 condition, List(1), List(2), Freq(1) (or 1), Freq(2) (or 1), Pooled condition (On or Off) * Freq can be omitted. Doing so sets 1 for Freq. * Pooled can be omitted. Doing so sets Off for Pooled.

Syntax 2 (parameter format) 1 condition, o1 value, x1n-1 value, n1 value, o2 value, x2n-1 value, n2 value, Pooled condition (On or Off) * Pooled can be omitted. Doing so sets Off for Pooled.

7-9-7 Tests

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Definition of Terms

1 condition : sample mean value test conditions ( specifies two-tail test, < specifies one-tail test where sample 1 is smaller than sample 2, > specifies one-tail test where sample 1 is greater than sample 2.)

List(1) : list where sample 1 data is located List(2) : list where sample 2 data is located Freq(1) : frequency of sample 1 (1 or list name) Freq(2) : frequency of sample 2 (1 or list name) Pooled : On or Off o1 : mean of sample 1 data x1n-1 : standard deviation of sample 1 (x1n-1 > 0) n1 : size of sample 1 (positive integer) o2 : mean of sample 2 data x2n-1 : standard deviation of sample 2 (x2n-1 > 0) n2 : size of sample 2 (positive integer)

Input Example:

Syntax 1 (list format) TwoSampleTTest ,list1,list2,1,1,On

Syntax 2 (parameter format) TwoSampleTTest ,107.5,0.78,10,97.5,0.65,12,Off

Calculation Result Output

1 2 : test condition t : t value p : p-value df : degrees of freedom o1 : mean of sample 1 data o2 : mean of sample 2 data x1n1 : standard deviation of sample 1 x2n1 : standard deviation of sample 2 xpn1 : Pooled sample standard deviation (Displayed only when pooling is

turned on.) n1 : size of sample 1 n2 : size of sample 2

7-9-8 Tests

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Linear Regression t Test

Command: LinRegTTest

Description: This command treats two groups of data as paired variables (x, y). The method of least squares is used to determine the most appropriate pair for the a, b coefficients of the regression formula y = a + b.x. It also determines the correlation coefficient and t value, and calculates the strength of the relationship between x and y.

a : regression constant term (y-intercept) b : regression coefficient (slope) n : sample size (n > 3) r : correlation coefficient r2 : coefficient of determination

Command Syntax

& condition, XList, YList, Freq (or 1) * Freq can be omitted. Doing so sets 1 for Freq.

Definition of Terms

& condition : test conditions ( specifies two-tail test, < specifies lower one-tail test, > specifies upper one-tail test.)

XList : x-data list YList : y-data list Freq : frequency (1 or list name)

Input Example:

LinRegTTest ,list1,list2,1

Calculation Result Output

0 & 0 : test condition t : t value p : p-value df : degrees of freedom a : regression constant term (y-intercept) b : regression coefficient (slope) s : standard error of estimation r : correlation coefficient r2 : coefficient of determination

7-9-9 Tests

b = ( x o)( y p) i=1

n

(x o)2

i=1

n a = p b.o t = r n 2

1 r2

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k2 Test

2 Test

Command: ChiTest

Description: This command tests hypotheses concerning the proportion of samples included in each of a number of independent groups. The 2 Test command is used in the case of dichotomous variables, which are variables that have only two possible values (such as yes or no).

Expected Frequencies

Fij = xij i=1

k

xij j=1

i=1

k

j=1 xij

2 = Fiji=1

k (xij Fij)2

j=1

Command Syntax

Observed matrix

Definition of Terms

Observed matrix: name of matrix containing observed values (positive integers in all cells)

Input Example:

ChiTest matrixa

Calculation Result Output

2 : 2 value p : p-value df : degrees of freedom

Tip The minimum size of the matrix is 2 2. An error occurs if the matrix has only one row or one

column.

The result of the expected frequency calculation is stored in the system variable named Expected.

7-9-10 Tests

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7-9-11 Tests

k 2-Sample F Test

2-Sample F Test

Command: TwoSampleFTest

Description: This command tests hypotheses concerning the ratio of the population variance of two populations. A 2-SampleFTest uses F distribution.

F = x1 n1

2 x2 n1

2 Command Syntax

Syntax 1 (list format) 1 condition, List(1), List(2), Freq(1) (or 1), Freq(2) (or 1) * Freq can be omitted. Doing so sets 1 for Freq.

Syntax 2 (parameter format) 1 condition, x1n1 value, n1 value, x2n1 value, n2 value

Definition of Terms

1 condition: population standard deviation test conditions ( specifies two-tail test, < specifies one-tail test where sample 1 is smaller than sample 2, > specifies one-tail test where sample 1 is greater than sample 2.)

List(1) : list where sample 1 data is located List(2) : list where sample 2 data is located Freq(1) : frequency of sample 1 (1 or list name) Freq(2) : frequency of sample 2 (1 or list name) x1n-1 : standard deviation of sample 1 (x1n-1 > 0) n1 : size of sample 1 (positive integer) x2n-1 : standard deviation of sample 2 (x2n-1 > 0) n2 : size of sample 2 (positive integer)

Input Example:

Syntax 1 (list format) TwoSampleFTest ,list1,list2,1,1

Syntax 2 (parameter format) TwoSampleFTest ,1.94,10,2.12,15

Calculation Result Output

1 2 : test condition F : F value p : p-value o1 : mean of sample 1 (Displayed only for list format.) o2 : mean of sample 2 (Displayed only for list format.) x1n1 : standard deviation of sample 1 x2n1 : standard deviation of sample 2 n1 : size of sample 1 n2 : size of sample 2

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kANOVA

One-Way ANOVA

Command: OneWayANOVA

Description: This command tests the hypothesis that the population means of multiple populations are equal. It compares the mean of one or more groups based on one independent variable or factor.

Command Syntax

FactorList(A), DependentList

Definition of Terms

FactorList(A): list where levels of Factor A are located DependentList: list where sample data is located

Input Example

OneWayANOVA list1,list2

Calculation Result Output

A df : df value of Factor A A MS : MS value of Factor A A SS : SS value of Factor A A F : F value of Factor A A p : p-value of Factor A Errdf : df value of error ErrMS : MS value of error ErrSS : SS value of error

df : degrees of freedom SS : sum of squares MS : mean square

7-9-12 Tests

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7-9-13 Tests

Two-Way ANOVA

Command: TwoWayANOVA

Description: This command tests the hypothesis that the population means of multiple populations are equal. It examines the effect of each variable independently as well as their interaction with each other based on a dependent variable.

Command Syntax

FactorList(A), FactorList(B), DependentList

Definition of Terms

FactorList(A) : list where levels of Factor A are located FactorList(B) : list where levels of Factor B are located DependentList : list where sample data is located

Input Example

TwoWayANOVA list1,list2,list3

Calculation Result Output

A df : df value of Factor A A MS : MS value of Factor A A SS : SS value of Factor A A F : F value of Factor A A p : p-value of Factor A B df : df value of Factor B B MS : MS value of Factor B B SS : SS value of Factor B B F : F value of Factor B B p : p-value of Factor B AB df : df value of Factor A Factor B AB MS : MS value of Factor A Factor B AB SS : SS value of Factor A Factor B AB F : F value of Factor A Factor B AB p : p-value of Factor A Factor B

Note that AB df , AB MS , AB SS , AB F , and AB p are not displayed if there are no repeated data pairs.

Errdf : df value of error ErrMS : MS value of error ErrSS : SS value of error

df : degrees of freedom SS : sum of squares MS : mean square

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7-10-1 Confidence Intervals

7-10 Confidence Intervals A confidence interval is a range of values that has a specified probability of containing the parameter being estimated.

A confidence interval that is too broad makes it difficult to get an idea of where the parameter (actual value) is located. A narrow confidence interval, on the other hand, limits the parameter range and makes it possible to obtain highly accurate results.

The commonly used confidence levels are 68%, 95% and 99%. Raising the confidence level broadens the confidence interval. Conversely, lowering the confidence level narrows the confidence interval, but it also creates the risk that parameters will be missed. With a confidence interval of 95%, for example, there is a 5% probability that a parameter will not be within the interval.

The following is a list of confidence intervals and a description of what each obtains.

1-Sample Z Interval

DescriptionConfidence Interval Name

Obtains the confidence interval for the population mean when the population standard deviation is known.

2-Sample Z Interval Obtains the confidence interval for the difference between population means when the population standard deviations of two populations are known.

1-Prop Z Interval Obtains the confidence interval of the proportion of successes in a population.

2-Prop Z Interval Obtains the confidence interval of the difference between the proportions of successes of two populations.

1-Sample t Interval Obtains the confidence interval for the population mean when the population standard deviation is unknown.

2-Sample t Interval Obtains the confidence interval for the difference between two population means when the population standard deviations are unknown.

kGeneral Confidence Interval Precautions If you input a C-Level (confidence level) value in the range of 0 < C-Level < 1, the value you input is used. To specify a C-Level of 95%, for example, input 0.95.

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Confidence Interval Command List

kZ Confidence Interval

1-Sample Z Interval

Command: OneSampleZInt

Description: This command obtains the confidence interval for the population mean when the population standard deviation is known.

The confidence interval is obtained using the following expressions.

Left = o Z 2

n

Right = o + Z 2

n

is the significance level, and 100 (1 )% is the confidence level. When the confidence level is 95%, for example, you would input 0.95, which produces = 1 0.95 = 0.05.

Command Syntax

Syntax 1 (list format) C-Level value, value, List, Freq (or 1) * Freq can be omitted. Doing so sets 1 for Freq.

Syntax 2 (parameter format) C-Level value, value, o value, n value

Definition of Terms

C-Level : confidence level (0 < C-Level < 1) : population standard deviation ( > 0) List : list where sample data is located Freq : frequency of sample (1 or list name) o : mean of sample data n : sample size (positive integer)

Input Example:

Syntax 1 (list format) OneSampleZInt 0.95,1,list1,1

Syntax 2 (parameter format) OneSampleZInt 0.95,1,64.3,20

7-10-2 Confidence Intervals

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Calculation Result Output

Left : interval lower limit (left edge) Right : interval upper limit (right edge) o : mean of sample data xn1 : sample standard deviation (Displayed only for list format.) n : sample size

2-Sample Z Interval

Command: TwoSampleZInt

Description: This command obtains the confidence interval for the difference between population means when the population standard deviations of two populations are known.

The confidence interval is obtained using the following expressions. The confidence level is 100 (1 )%.

Left = (o1 o2) Z 2

Right = (o1 o2) + Z 2

n1

1 2 +

n2

2 2

n1

1 2 +

n2

2 2

o1 : mean of sample 1 data o2 : mean of sample 2 data 1 : population standard deviation of

sample 1 2 : population standard deviation of

sample 2 n1 : size of sample 1 n2 : size of sample 2

Command Syntax

Syntax 1 (list format) C-Level value, 1 value, 2 value, List(1), List(2), Freq(1) (or 1), Freq(2) (or 1) * Freq can be omitted. Doing so sets 1 for Freq.

Syntax 2 (parameter format) C-Level value, 1 value, 2 value, o1 value, n1 value, o2 value, n2 value

Definition of Terms

C-Level : confidence level (0 < C-Level < 1) 1 : population standard deviation of sample 1 (1 > 0) 2 : population standard deviation of sample 2 (2 > 0) List(1) : list where sample 1 data is located List(2) : list where sample 2 data is located Freq(1) : frequency of sample 1 (1 or list name) Freq(2) : frequency of sample 2 (1 or list name) o1 : mean of sample 1 data n1 : size of sample 1 (positive integer) o2 : mean of sample 2 data n2 : size of sample 2 (positive integer)

7-10-3 Confidence Intervals

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Input Example:

Syntax 1 (list format) TwoSampleZInt 0.95,1,1.5,list1,list2,1,1

Syntax 2 (parameter format) TwoSampleZInt 0.95,1,1.5,418,40,402,50

Calculation Result Output

Left : interval lower limit (left edge) Right : interval upper limit (right edge) o1 : mean of sample 1 data o2 : mean of sample 2 data x1n-1 : standard deviation of sample 1 (Displayed only for list format.) x2n-1 : standard deviation of sample 2 (Displayed only for list format.) n1 : size of sample 1 n2 : size of sample 2

1-Prop Z Interval

Command: OnePropZInt

Description: This command obtains the confidence interval of the proportion of successes in a population.

The confidence interval is obtained using the following expressions. The confidence level is 100 (1 )%.

Left = Z 2

Right = + Z

x n n

1 n x

n x1

x n

2 n

1 n x

n x1

n: sample size x: data

Command Syntax

C-Level value, x value, n value

Definition of Terms

C-Level: confidence level (0 < C-Level < 1) x : data (0 or positive integer) n : sample size (positive integer)

Input Example:

OnePropZInt 0.95,600,800

Calculation Result Output

Left : interval lower limit (left edge) Right : interval upper limit (right edge) p : estimated sample proportion n : sample size

7-10-4 Confidence Intervals

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2-Prop Z Interval

Command: TwoPropZInt

Description: This command obtains the confidence interval of the difference between the proportions of successes of two populations.

The confidence interval is obtained using the following expressions. The confidence level is 100 (1 )%.

Left = Z 2

x1 n1

x2 n2 n1

n1

x1 1 n1

x1

+ n2

n2

x2 1 n2

x2

Right = + Z 2

x1 n1

x2 n2 n1

n1

x1 1 n1

x1

+ n2

n2

x2 1 n2

x2

n1, n2 : sample size x1, x2 : data

Command Syntax

C-Level value, x1 value, n1 value, x2 value, n2 value

Definition of Terms

C-Level: confidence level (0 < C-Level < 1) x1 : data value (integer, x1 > 0) of sample 1 n1 : size of sample 1 (positive integer) x2 : data value (integer, x2 > 0) of sample 2 n2 : size of sample 2 (positive integer)

Input Example:

TwoPropZInt 0.95,132,200,90,150

Calculation Result Output

Left : interval lower limit (left edge) Right : interval upper limit (right edge) p 1 : estimated proportion of sample 1 p 2 : estimated proportion of sample 2 n1 : size of sample 1 n2 : size of sample 2

7-10-5 Confidence Intervals

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7-10-6 Confidence Intervals

k t Confidence Interval

1-Sample t Interval

Command: OneSampleTInt

Description: This command obtains the confidence interval for the population mean when the population standard deviation is unknown.

The confidence interval is obtained using the following expressions. The confidence level is 100 (1 )%.

Left = o tn 1 2

Right = o+ tn 1 2

x n1 n

x n1 n

Command Syntax

Syntax 1 (list format) C-Level value, List, Freq (or 1) * Freq can be omitted. Doing so sets 1 for Freq.

Syntax 2 (parameter format) C-Level value, o value, xn-1 value, n value

Definition of Terms

C-Level : confidence level (0 < C-Level < 1) List : list where sample data is located Freq : frequency of sample (1 or list name) o : mean of sample data xn-1 : sample standard deviation (xn-1 > 0) n : sample size (positive integer)

Input Example:

Syntax 1 (list format) OneSampleTInt 0.95,list1,1

Syntax 2 (parameter format) OneSampleTInt 0.95,66.3,8.4,12

Calculation Result Output

Left : interval lower limit (left edge) Right : interval upper limit (right edge) o : mean of sample data xn1 : sample standard deviation n : sample size

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2-Sample t Interval

Command: TwoSampleTInt

Description: This command obtains the confidence interval for the difference between two population means when the population standard deviations are unknown.

The confidence interval is obtained using the following expressions. The confidence level is 100 (1 )%.

When the two population standard deviations are equal (pooled)

Left = (o1 o2) t 2

Right = (o1 o2)+ t 2

n1+n2 2 n1

1 + n2

1xp n1 2

n1+n2 2 n1

1 + n2

1xp n1 2

When the two population standard deviations are not equal (not pooled)

Left = (o1 o2) tdf 2

Right = (o1 o2)+ tdf 2

+n1

x1 n1 2

n2

x2 n1 2

+n1

x1 n1 2

n2

x2 n1 2

C =

df = 1 C

2

n11 +

(1C )2

n21

+n1

x1 n1 2 n1

x1 n1 2

n2

x2 n1 2

Command Syntax

Syntax 1 (list format) C-Level value, List(1), List(2), Freq(1) (or 1), Freq(2) (or 1), Pooled condition (On or Off) * Freq can be omitted. Doing so sets 1 for Freq. * Pooled can be omitted. Doing so sets Off for Pooled.

Syntax 2 (parameter format) C-Level value, o1 value, x1n-1 value, n1 value, o2 value, x2n-1 value, n2 value, Pooled condition (On or Off) * Pooled can be omitted. Doing so sets Off for Pooled.

7-10-7 Confidence Intervals

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Definition of Terms

C-Level : confidence level (0 < C-Level < 1) List(1) : list where sample 1 data is located List(2) : list where sample 2 data is located Freq(1) : frequency of sample 1 (1 or list name) Freq(2) : frequency of sample 2 (1 or list name) Pooled : On or Off o1 : mean of sample 1 data x1n-1 : standard deviation of sample 1 (x1n-1 > 0) n1 : size of sample 1 (positive integer) o2 : mean of sample 2 data x2n-1 : standard deviation of sample 2 (x2n-1 > 0) n2 : size of sample 2 (positive integer)

Input Example:

Syntax 1 (list format) TwoSampleTInt 0.95,list1,list2,1,1,Off

Syntax 2 (parameter format) TwoSampleTInt 0.95,80.4,2.07,30,84.2,1.96,35,On

Calculation Result Output

Left : interval lower limit (left edge) Right : interval upper limit (right edge) df : degrees of freedom o1 : mean of sample 1 data o2 : mean of sample 2 data x1n1 : standard deviation of sample 1 x2n1 : standard deviation of sample 2 xpn1 : pooled sample standard deviation (Displayed only when pooling is

turned on.) n1 : size of sample 1 n2 : size of sample 2

7-10-8 Confidence Intervals

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7-11-1 Distribution

7-11 Distribution Though there are a number of different types of distributions, the one most commonly used is the Normal Distribution, which is an essential type of distribution for statistical calculations. Other types of distributions include the Poisson distribution and geometric distribution. The type of distribution used depends on the type of data being handled.

The shape of a distribution makes it possible to determine trends in data somewhat. You can specify a value and calculate the probability that any data value from the distribution is less than the specified value. In other words, you can determine what percent from the bottom that data value occurs within the distribution.

The following is a list of distributions and the description of what each one calculates.

Normal Probability Density

DescriptionDistribution Name

Calculates the probability density of normal distribution from a specified x value.

Normal Distribution Probability

Specifies two values and calculates the probability of normal distribution data falling between them.

Inverse Cumulative Normal Distribution

Specifies a cumulative probability and calculates the value at that location in a normal distribution.

Student-t Probability Density

Calculates t probability density from a specified x value.

Student-t Distribution Probability

Specifies two values and calculates the probability of Student-t distribution data falling between them.

In addition to the above distributions, the ClassPad provides information on the 2

distribution, F distribution, binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, and geometric distribution. Commands to achieve this are described in the following section.

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Distribution Command List

kNormal Distribution

Normal Probability Density

Command: NormPD

Description: This command calculates the probability density of normal distribution from a specified x value. Normal probability density is used for normal distribution.

2 f(x) = 1 e

2 2

(x )2

( > 0)

Command Syntax

x value, value, value

Definition of Terms

x : data value : standard deviation ( > 0) : mean

Specifying = 1 and = 0 produces standard normal distribution.

Input Example:

NormPD 3,1,0

Calculation Result Output

prob : normal probability density

Normal Cumulative Distribution

Command: NormCD

Description: This command calculates the probability of normal distribution data falling between a and b.

a : lower boundary (Lower) b : upper boundary (Upper)

Command Syntax

Lower value, Upper value, value, value

7-11-2 Distribution

9 8

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7-11-3 Distribution

Definition of Terms

Lower : lower boundary Upper : upper boundary : standard deviation ( > 0) : mean

Input Example:

NormCD 0.5,0.8,1.23,0.56

Calculation Result Output

prob : normal distribution probability p z Low : standardized lower limit z value z Up : standardized upper limit z value

Inverse Cumulative Normal Distribution

Command: InvNorm

Description: This command calculates the cumulative probability in a normal distribution based on lower and upper limits.

Tail:Left

Upper boundary of integration interval

= ?

Tail:Right

Lower boundary of integration interval

= ?

Tail:Central

Upper and lower boundaries of integration interval

= ? = ?

Specify a probability and then use the above formulas to obtain the applicable integration interval.

Command Syntax

Tail setting, Area value, value, value

Definition of Terms

Tail setting: probability value tail specification (L (Left), R (Right), C (Central)) Area : probability value (0 < Area < 1) : standard deviation ( > 0) : mean

Input Example:

InvNorm L,0.35,1.2,0.3

9 8

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7-11-4 Distribution

Calculation Result Output

x : inverse cumulative normal distribution (Upper integration interval boundary when Tail:Left) (Lower integration interval boundary when Tail:Right) (Upper and lower integration interval boundaries when Tail:Central)

k t Distribution

Student-t Probability Density

Command: TPD

Description: This command calculates t probability density from a specified x value.

f (x) =

.df

df+1 2

2 df 2

df + 1 df x2

1+

Command Syntax

x value, df value

Definition of Terms

x : data value df : degrees of freedom (df > 0)

Input Example:

TPD 1.5,6

Calculation Result Output

p : Student-t probability density

Student-t Distribution Probability

Command: TCD

Description: This command calculates the probability of the Student-t distribution data falling between a and b.

p =

.df2 df

2 df + 1

df+1 2

df x2

1+ dx a

b a : lower boundary (Lower) b : upper boundary (Upper)

Command Syntax

Lower value, Upper value, df value

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7-11-5 Distribution

Definition of Terms

Lower : lower boundary Upper : upper boundary df : degrees of freedom (df > 0)

Input Example:

TCD 1.7,1000,6

Calculation Result Output

p : Student-t distribution probability t Low : lower boundary value you input t Up : upper boundary value you input

k 2 Distribution

2 Probability Density

Command: ChiPD

Description: This command calculates the probability density of 2 distribution from a specified x value.

f(x) =

1

2 df

df 2 x e

2 1

df 2

1 x 2

Command Syntax

x value, df value

Definition of Terms

x : data value df : degrees of freedom (positive integer)

Input Example:

ChiPD 0.76,3

Calculation Result Output

p : 2 probability density

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2 Distribution Probability

Command: ChiCD

Description: This command calculates the probability of 2 distribution data falling between a and b.

p =

1

2 df

df 2

x e dx2 1 df

2 1

x 2

a

b a : lower boundary (Lower) b : upper boundary (Upper)

Command Syntax

Lower value, Upper value, df value

Definition of Terms

Lower : lower boundary Upper : upper boundary df : degrees of freedom (positive integer)

Input Example:

ChiCD 0.76,3,4

Calculation Result Output

p : 2 distribution probability

kF Distribution

F Probability Density

Command: FPD

Description: This command calculates the probability density of F distribution from a specified x value.

n 2 x

d n

n 2

1

2 n

2

n + d

2 d d

n.x1 +

n + d 2

f (x) =

Command Syntax

x value, n:df value, d:df value

Definition of Terms

x : data value n:df : degrees of freedom of numerator (positive integer) d:df : degrees of freedom of denominator (positive integer)

7-11-6 Distribution

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7-11-7 Distribution

Input Example:

FPD 1.7,2,3

Calculation Result Output

p : F probability density

F Distribution Probability

Command: FCD

Description: This command calculates the probability of F distribution data falling between a and b.

p =

n 2

dxxd n

n 2

1

2 n

2

n + d

2 d d

n.x1 +

n + d 2

a

b a : lower boundary (Lower) b : upper boundary (Upper)

Command Syntax

Lower value, Upper value, n:df value, d:df value

Definition of Terms

Lower : lower boundary Upper : upper boundary n:df : degrees of freedom of numerator (positive integer) d:df : degrees of freedom of denominator (positive integer)

Input Example:

FCD 0.76,3,2,3

Calculation Result Output

p : F distribution probability

kBinomial Distribution

Binomial Probability

Command: BinomialPD

Description: This command calculates the probability that a random variable that follows a binomial distribution will be a given x value. For example, it determines the probability of x successes when the probability of success p-trial is performed n times.

f (x) = nCxpx(1p)n x (x = 0, 1, , n) p : probability of success (0 < p < 1)

n : number of trials

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7-11-8 Distribution

Command Syntax

x value, Numtrial value, p-value

Definition of Terms

x : specified data (integer from 0 to n) Numtrial : number of trials (n) p : probability of success (0 < p < 1)

Input Example:

BinomialPD 30,40,0.38

Calculation Result Output

p : binomial probability

Binomial Cumulative Probability

Command: BinomialCD

Description: This command calculates the probability that a random variable that follows a binomial distribution will be a given x value or less. For example, it determines the probability of x or fewer successes when the probability of success p-trial is performed n times.

Command Syntax

x value, Numtrial value, p-value

Definition of Terms

x : specified data (integer from 0 to n) Numtrial : number of trials (n) p : probability of success (0 < p < 1)

Input Example:

BinomialCD 30,40,0.38

Calculation Result Output

p : binomial cumulative probability

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kPoisson Distribution

Poisson Probability

Command: PoissonPD

Description: This command calculates the probability that a random variable that follows a Poisson distribution will be a given x value.

f(x) = x!

e x (x = 0, 1, 2, ) : mean ( > 0)

Command Syntax

x value, value

Definition of Terms

x : specified data(x > 0) : mean ( > 0)

Input Example:

PoissonPD 31,0.36

Calculation Result Output

p : Poisson probability

Poisson Cumulative Probability

Command: PoissonCD

Description: This command calculates the probability that a random variable that follows a Poisson distribution will be a given x value or less.

Command Syntax

x value, value

Definition of Terms

x : specified data(x > 0) : mean ( > 0)

Input Example:

PoissonCD 31,0.36

Calculation Result Output

p : Poisson cumulative probability

7-11-9 Distribution

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kGeometric Distribution

Geometric Probability

Command: GeoPD

Description: This command calculates the probability that a random variable that follows a geometric distribution will be a given x value.

f (x) = p(1 p) x 1 (x = 1, 2, 3, )

Command Syntax

x value, p-value

Definition of Terms

x : specified data (integer (x > 1)) p : probability of success (0 < p < 1)

Input Example:

GeoPD 15,0.75

Calculation Result Output

p : geometric probability

Geometric Cumulative Probability

Command: GeoCD

Description: This command calculates the probability that a random variable that follows a geometric distribution will be a given x value or less.

Command Syntax

x value, p-value

Definition of Terms

x : specified data (integer (x > 1)) p : probability of success (0 < p < 1)

Input Example:

GeoCD 15,0.75

Calculation Result Output

p : geometric cumulative probability

7-11-10 Distribution

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7-12 Statistical System Variables Performing a statistical calculation, graphing operation, or other operation causes calculation results to be assigned to pre-arranged system variables. For more information, see the System Variable Table on page -7-1.

7-12-1 Statistical System Variables

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Using the Geometry Application The Geometry application allows you to draw and analyze geometric figures. You can draw a triangle and specify values to change the size of its sides so they are 3:4:5, and then check the measurement of each of its angles. Or you can draw a circle and then draw a line that is tangent to a particular point on the circle. The Geometry application also includes an animation feature that lets you watch how a figure changes in accordance with conditions you define.

8-1 Geometry Application Overview

8-2 Drawing Figures 8-3 Editing Figures

8-4 Controlling Geometry Window Appearance

8-5 Working with Animations

8-6 Using the Geometry Application with Other Applications 8-7 Managing Geometry Application Files

Chapter

8

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8-1-1 Geometry Application Overview

8-1 Geometry Application Overview

The Geometry application provides you with the following capabilities.

The [Draw] menu provides commands for drawing points, lines, polygons, regular polygons, circles, ellipses, and other geometric figures. You can also draw functions. Once drawn, a figure can be moved or edited as required. See Using the Draw Menu on page 8-2-1 for more information about this menu.

The [Draw] menu also includes a [Construct] submenu (page 8-2-12) and a [Special Shape] submenu (page 8-2-9). You can use items in the [Construct] submenu to add a midpoint, draw a perpendicular bisector from a given point, create other geometric constructions and even test geometric theorems. The [Special Shape] submenu allows you to draw special figures, such as parallelograms, rectangles, kites and many others.

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Tapping the toolbars right arrow button displays a measurement box. The measurement box displays information for the items that are selected on the window. For example, you can view the coordinates of a point, the length and slope of a line segment, the size of an angle, etc. You can also use the measurement box to change measurements, and to fix measurements so they cannot be changed by other operations.

8-1-2 Geometry Application Overview

The Animation feature makes it possible to see how a figure changes when a moving point and its related figures are subjected to certain conditions. A point can move along a line or curve, and can be anywhere along a line segment, the vertex of a triangle, or the center point of a circle.

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Geometry Application Menus and Buttons

This section describes the configuration of the Geometry application windows and provides basic information about its menus and commands.

Tip O menu items are the same for all applications. For more information, see Using the O

Menu on page 1-5-4.

The View Window (O - [Settings] - [View Window]) contains settings that are unique to the Geometry application. For details, see Configuring View Window Settings on page 8-4-1.

kFile Menu

8-1-3 Geometry Application Overview

Discard the current window contents and create a new file New Open an existing file Open Save the current window contents to a file Save

Select this File menu item:To do this

Starting Up the Geometry Application

Use the following procedure to start up the Geometry application.

uClassPad Operation On the application menu, tap G.

This causes a blank Geometry application window to appear.

Tip If you left figures on the Geometry window the last time you exited the Geometry application,

those figures will appear the next time you start it up.

Use this area to draw the figures you want.

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kView Menu

8-1-4 Geometry Application Overview

To do this: Tap this button:

Or select this View menu item:

Zoom Box

T

Q Activate the pan function for dragging the Graph window with the stylus Pan

WEnlarge the display image Zoom In

EReduce the size of the display image Zoom Out

RAdjust the size of the display image so it fills the display

Zoom to Fit

qTurn display of axes and coordinate values on and off

Toggle Axes

Toggle snapping to the nearest integer coordinate point on and off

Start a box zoom operation

Animation UITurn the Animation toolbar on and off

Integer Grid

kEdit Menu

Undo or redo the last operation Undo/Redo Clear all settings fixed with the measurement box Clear Constraints Show hidden objects Show All Toggle polygon shading on and off Shade On/Off Hide the currently selected object Properties - Hide Show hidden names Properties - Show Name Hide the selected name Properties - Hide Name Make the lines of the selected figure thicker Properties - Thicker Make the lines of the selected figure thinner Properties - Thinner Display the Animate submenu (page 8-5-1) Animate

Cut the currently selected object and place it onto the clipboard Cut

Copy the currently selected object and place it onto the clipboard Copy

Paste the current clipboard contents onto the screen Paste Select all objects on the screen Select All Delete the currently selected object Delete Clear the screen Clear All

Select this Edit menu item:To do this:

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kOther Buttons The two operations described below are available from the toolbar only. There is no corre- sponding menu command for these buttons.

8-1-5 Geometry Application Overview

Activate Select (page 8-3-1) Tap G and then tap the figure.

Move a selected figure Tap G and then drag the figure.

Activate Toggle Select (page 8-3-2) Tap i and then tap the figure.

Do this:To do this

kDraw Menu

To do this: Select this Draw menu item:

Point Line Segment Infinite Line Vector Circle Arc Ellipse Function Polygon

Display a submenu for drawing a figure of specially shaped figures (page 8-2-9) Special Shape

Display a submenu for geometric constructions (page 8-2-12) Construct

Draw a figure (page 8-2-1)

Tapping a button highlights it, indicating that the buttons function is turned on.

kAbout the Measurement Box Tapping the u button to the right of the toolbar takes you to the measurement box. Tap t to return to the normal toolbar.

Normal toolbar Measurement box

For more information about the measurement box, see Using the Measurement Box on page 8-3-4.

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8-2-1 Drawing Figures

[Draw] menu commands

Toolbar

These [Draw] menu commands correspond to the toolbar shown below.

Point Infinite Line

Circle Ellipse

Polygon

Line Segment Vector Arc Function

8-2 Drawing Figures This section explains how to use the Geometryapplication to draw various types of figures. It also explains how to use the geometric construction tools to investigate theorems and properties in Geometry.

Using the Draw Menu

The [Draw] menu makes it easy to draw a variety of different figures. Each [Draw] menu command is also available on the toolbar.

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u To draw a line segment using the menu command (1) Tap [Draw] and then [Line Segment].

This highlights the line segment button on the toolbar.

(2) Tap the screen where you want the line segment to begin, and a point will be drawn, and then tap the point where you want it to end.

8-2-2 Drawing Figures

Tip Use [Edit] - [Clear All] to clear the screen after experimenting with a draw operation.

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u To draw a line segment using the toolbar (1) Tap the second down arrow on the toolbar. This opens the [Draw] menus icon palette.

(2) Tap the line segment button on the toolbar to highlight it.

(3) Tap the screen where you want the line segment to begin. This plots a point.

(4) Tap the beginning point again and, without lifting the stylus, drag to draw the line. Or you could just tap the ending point.

(5) When the line segment is the way you want, remove the stylus from the screen.

8-2-3 Drawing Figures

u To plot a point (1) Tap [Draw] and then [Point].

This highlights the point button on the toolbar.

(2) Tap the location on the screen where you want to plot a point.

This plots the point.

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u To add a labeled point to an existing line You can use the following procedure to add a labeled point to an existing line, to a side of an n-gon, to the periphery of a circle or ellipse, etc.

(1) Tap [Draw] and then [Point].

This highlights the point button on the toolbar.

(2) Drag the stylus on the screen towards the line where you want to add the labeled point.

This selects the line, which is indicated by k.

8-2-4 Drawing Figures

(3) Drag the stylus to the location on the line where you want to add a labeled point, and then lift the stylus from the screen.

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8-2-5 Drawing Figures

u To draw a vector (1) Tap [Draw] and then [Vector].

This highlights the vector button on the toolbar.

(2) Tap the point where you want the vector to start, and then its end point.

You could also tap one point, and then drag to the vector end point.

u To draw a circle (1) Tap [Draw] and then [Circle].

This highlights the circle button on the toolbar.

(2) Tap the point where you want the center of the circle to be, and then tap a second point anywhere on the circles circumference.

You could also tap the center point, and then drag to the second point.

u To draw an infinite line (1) Tap [Draw] and then [Infinite Line]

This highlights the infinite line button on the toolbar.

(2) Tap two points on the screen through which you want the infinite line to pass.

You could also tap one point and then drag to the second point.

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8-2-6 Drawing Figures

u To draw a function

Example: To draw y(x) = x2 1

(1) Tap [Draw] and then [Function].

This causes the Function dialog box and a soft keyboard to appear.

(2) Input the function.

(3) Tap [OK] to draw it.

u To draw an arc (1) Tap [Draw] and then [Arc].

This highlights the arc button on the toolbar.

(2) Tap the point where you want the center of the arc to be, and then tap a second point to designate where you want the arc to start.

(3) Tap a third point, which is where you want the arc to end.

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u To draw an ellipse

Note When you draw an ellipse, you need to specify the following three elements: center point, Point 1 and Point 2. Point 1 is used to define the minor axis (nearest point on the edge from the center point), and Point 2 is used to define the major axis (farthest point on the edge from the center point).

8-2-7 Drawing Figures

(1) Tap [Draw] and then [Ellipse].

This highlights the ellipse button on the toolbar.

(2) Tap the point you want to specify as the center point.

(3) Tap the point you want to specify as Point 1 (minor axis).

This causes a line to appear between the center point and Point 1.

Instead of tapping, you could drag the stylus from the center point to Point 1, viewing the line that is drawn as you do.

(4) Tap or drag to the point you want to specify as Point 2 (major axis).

This causes the ellipse to appear.

Center Point A Point 1 B Point 2 C

When AC is shorter than AB, Point 1 becomes the major axis and Point 2 becomes the minor axis.

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u To draw a polygon (1) Tap [Draw] and then [Polygon].

This highlights the polygon button on the toolbar.

(2) Tap the point from which you want the polygon to start.

(3) Sequentially tap each of the vertices of the polygon.

(4) Finally, tap the start point again to complete the polygon.

8-2-8 Drawing Figures

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Using the Special Shape Submenu

The [Special Shape] submenu allows you to draw specially shaped figures automatically. Simply select the type of figure you want from the menu, and then touch the screen with the stylus to draw it. Or, touch the screen with your stylus and drag to create a box indicating the size of the figure you would like to draw. Each of the [Special Shape] submenu figures is also available on the toolbar.

[Draw] [Special Shape]

[Special Shape] submenu

Isosceles Triangle Trapezoid Parallelogram Rhombus Regular n-gon

Toolbar

Triangle Equilateral Triangle

Kite Rectangle

Square

8-2-9 Drawing Figures

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u To draw a triangle (1) Tap [Draw], [Special Shape], and then [Triangle].

This highlights the triangle button on the toolbar.

(2) Perform either of the following two operations to draw the triangle.

Tap the screen with the stylus. This automatically draws the acute triangle you selected.

Place the stylus on the screen and drag diagonally in any direction. This causes a selection boundary to appear, indicating the size of the triangle that will be drawn. The triangle is drawn when you release the stylus.

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u To draw a regular polygon (1) Tap [Draw], [Special Shape], and then [Regular n-gon].

This highlights the regular n-gon button on the toolbar, and displays the n-gon dialog box.

(2) Enter a value indicating the number of sides of the polygon, and then tap [OK].

Tapping the screen with the stylus Dragging with the stylus

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(3) Perform either of the following two operations to draw the regular polygon.

Tap the screen with the stylus. This automatically draws the polygon you selected.

Place the stylus on the screen and drag diagonally in any direction. This causes a selection boundary to appear, indicating the size of the polygon that will be drawn. The polygon is drawn when you release the stylus.

8-2-11 Drawing Figures

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Using the Construct Submenu

The [Construct] submenu provides you with the means to study various geometric theorems. In addition to tools for constructing a perpendicular bisector, perpendicular line, angle bisector, midpoint, intersection, parallel lines and a tangent to a curve, you can also translate, rotate, reflect, dilate, or transform a figure. Each of the [Construct] submenu figures is also available on the toolbar.

[Draw] [Construct]

[Construct] submenu

Toolbar

Tip The following procedures include steps that require selection of a line segment or other figures.

For details about selecting figures, see 8-3 Editing Figures.

Perpendicular Intersection Parallel Reflection Rotation General Transform

Perpendicular Bisector Midpoint

Angle Bisector Tangent to Curve

Translation Dilation

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8-2-13 Drawing Figures

u To construct a perpendicular bisector (1) Draw a line segment.

(2) Tap G, and then select the line segment.

(3) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Perp. Bisector].

This draws a perpendicular bisector through your line segment.

u To construct an angle bisector (1) Draw two line segments so they form an angle.

(2) Tap G, and then select both line segments.

(3) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Angle Bisector].

This bisects the angle.

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8-2-14 Drawing Figures

u To construct a midpoint (1) Draw a line segment.

(2) Tap G, and then select the line segment.

(3) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Midpoint].

This adds a midpoint to the segment.

u To construct the point of intersection of two lines (1) Draw two lines that intersect.

(2) Tap G, and then select both lines.

(3) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Intersection].

This adds the point of intersection.

(4) Try selecting the point of intersection and dragging it.

Tip The point(s) of intersection of two circles or of a line and a circle can be constructed in the same

manner.

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8-2-15 Drawing Figures

u To construct a perpendicular line that passes through a specified point on a line (1) Draw a line segment or an infinite line.

(2) Draw a point on the line through which you want the perpendicular line to pass.

(3) Tap G, and then select the point and the line.

(4) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Perpendicular].

This draws a line that through the point you selected, which is perpendicular to the line where is the point is located.

Try selecting the point of intersection and dragging it.

u To construct a line parallel to another line through a specified point (1) Draw a line and a point that is not on the line.

(2) Tap G, and then select the line and the point.

(3) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Parallel].

The parallel line button is displayed on the toolbar, and a line passing through the selected point is drawn parallel to the selected line.

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8-2-16 Drawing Figures

u To construct a tangent to a curve through a specified point (1) Draw a curve, such as an ellipse.

(2) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Tangent to Curve].

This highlights the tangent to a curve button on the toolbar.

(3) Tap the point of tangency on the curve.

This draws the tangent.

u To translate a line segment by inputting a vector (1) Draw a line segment (AB), and then select it.

(2) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Translation].

This displays the Translation dialog box.

(3) Enter the vector for the translation.

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8-2-17 Drawing Figures

(1) Draw a line segment (AB), and a vector to use in the translation. Next, select the line segment.

(2) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Translation].

This displays the Translation dialog box.

(3) Tap [Select Vector].

(4) Tap the vector on the screen.

This translates line segment AB in accordance with the vector you selected, and draws line segment AB.

u To rotate a line segment (1) Draw a line segment, and then select it.

(2) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Rotation].

This highlights the rotate button on the toolbar.

(3) Tap the screen once to select the center of rotation.

This displays the Rotation dialog box.

(4) Specify the angle of rotation in degrees.

u To translate a line segment by selecting a vector

(4) Tap [OK].

This translates line segment AB in accordance with the vector value you input, and draws line segment AB.

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8-2-18 Drawing Figures

u To reflect a line segment with respect to a specified line of symmetry (1) Draw a line segment.

(2) Draw a line to use as the line of symmetry.

(3) Tap G, and then select the line segment.

(4) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Reflection].

This highlights the reflection button on the toolbar.

(5) Tap the line of symmetry.

This reflects the line segment you drew in step (1) about the line of symmetry.

(5) Tap [OK] to rotate the line segment.

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u To dilate a line segment toward a specified center point (1) Draw a line segment, and then select it.

(2) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Dilation].

This highlights the dilation button on the toolbar.

(3) Tap the center of dilation.

This displays the Dilation dialog box.

(4) Specify the dilation scale factor.

(5) Tap [OK].

8-2-19 Drawing Figures

Transformation Using a Matrix or Vector (General Transform)

General Transform lets you input a matrix and/or vector to transform a figure. The result of the transformation is drawn as a separate figure. For example, if you transform line segment AB, the line segment AB will be drawn.

You can perform the following types of transformations with General Transform. Matrix Transformation: x-axis/y-axis symmetry, rotation, enlargement, reduction, etc. Vector Transformation: Vertical and horizontal parallel displacement

k General Transform Example In this example draw triangle ABC and then draw triangle ABC, which is symmetrical to ABC about the x-axis. Next, we will draw triangle ABC by performing a parallel displacement on triangle ABC of 1 unit along the x- and y-axis.

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Tip All of the steps in the procedure below are performed using the Geometry application only. You

can also use the Main application or eActivity application to perform matrix calculations and obtain the same transformation. You can drag a figure from Geometry to Main, which transforms values (matrix) and performs calculation, and drag the values (matrix) obtained as a result from Main to Geometry to draw the transformed figure. After performing the following procedure, see Transform Example Using the Main Application (page 8-2-22).

If you need to, tap [Edit] and then [Clear All] before beginning this example.

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap q to turn on coordinate display in the Geometry window.

You can skip this step if you want, but turning on coordinate display helps you see how coordinates are changed by the transform operations.

(2) Draw triangle ABC, and then select its three sides.

(3) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [General Transform].

This displays the Transform dialog box.

(4) Since we want a triangle that is symmetrical about the x-axis to the original triangle, input [[1, 0], [0, 1]].

8-2-20 Drawing Figures

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(5) Tap [OK].

This draws triangle ABC, which is symmetrical to triangle ABC about the x-axis.

(6) Tap anywhere outside of the triangles to deselect the currently selected triangle. Next, select triangle ABC.

(7) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [General Transform].

(8) Now, to perform parallel displacement on triangle ABC by 1 unit along the x- and y-axis, input [1, 1].

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(9) Tap [OK].

This performs the parallel displacement and draws triangle ABC.

Note In the above example, we performed the transformation and the parallel displacement

operations separately. You could also perform both operations at the same time, if you want. To do so, input both the matrix [[1, 0], [0, 1]] and the vector [1, 1] in step (4), and then tap [OK]. This will produce the result shown in step (9).

k Transform Example Using the Main Application It might be easier to understand how General Transform works if you use the Main application (or eActivity application) in combination with the Geometry application. This makes it possible to perform the following types of operations.

(a) In the Geometry application, you can select a point on the figure obtained using General Transform and the corresponding point on the original figure (for example, point A on the original figure and point A on the transformed figure), drag them to the Main application, and display the transformation expression in the Main application.

(b) You can select a triangle in the Geometry application and drag it to the Main application to convert the triangle to a matrix (2-row 3-column matrix that shows three vertices). Conversely, you can drag a 2-row 3-column matrix input (or produced by a calculation) in the Main application to the Geometry application and draw the applicable triangle.

Here we will show actual examples of (a) and (b).

Tip All of the above operations can also be performed using the eActivity application instead of the

Main application.

For information about how to access the Geometry application from the Main application and about the different operations you can perform between them, see 2-9 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications.

8-2-22 Drawing Figures

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k (a) Operation Example The following procedure assumes that the results produced by the procedure under General Transform Example on page 8-2-19 are still on the Geometry application window.

uClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap J to start up the Main application.

(2) Tap the down arrow button on the Main application toolbar. On the button list that appears, tap 3.

This opens the Geometry application and displays triangles ABC, ABC, and ABC on the Geometry window.

(3) Select points A and A.

(4) While both points are selected, drag point A (or point A) to the cursor position in the Main application work area.

This displays the expression that transformed the coordinates of point A to the coordinates of point A.

8-2-23 Drawing Figures

Observe this area of the expression. This corresponds to the matrix values you input when executing General Transform.

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(5) After clearing the Main application work area, try repeating steps (3) and (4) for points A and A.

This displays the expression that transformed the coordinates of point A to the coordinates of point A.

Important! This operation is valid only when a point in the original figure and the corresponding point in

the transformed figure are selected in the Geometry application. Nothing is displayed when you select points A and A in the above procedure and drag them to the Main application work area.

Observe this area of the expression. This corresponds to the vector values you input when executing General Transform.

k (b) Operation Example

uClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap J to start up the Main application.

(2) Tap the down arrow button on the Main application toolbar. On the button list that appears, tap 3.

This opens the Geometry application.

(3) On the Geometry window, tap [Edit] and then [Clear All].

This clears the Geometry window.

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(4) Draw a triangle on the Geometry window.

After drawing a triangle, you can use the measurement box (page 8-3-4) to adjust the coordinates of points A, B, and C. That will make the following steps easier.

(5) Select the triangle and drag it to the cursor location in the Main application work area.

This inputs a matrix that shows the coordinates of the triangles three vertices into the work area.

8-2-25 Drawing Figures

(6) Here, try multiplying by the matrix [[1, 0], [0, 1]] to transform the matrix obtained above to a form that is symmetrical about the y-axis. Execute the calculation as shown in the screenshot below.

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(7) Select the matrix obtained as the calculation result, and drag it to the Geometry window.

This draws a triangle that is symmetrical to the original triangle about the y-axis.

8-2-26 Drawing Figures

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8-3 Editing Figures This section provides details about moving, copying, and deleting Geometry application figures.

Selecting and Deselecting Figures

Before you can execute certain editing commands, you must first select the figure you want to edit. There are two figure selection modes: Select and Toggle Select, each of which is described below.

kUsing Select Tap G on the toolbar. This causes the button to become highlighted, indicating that Select is enabled. Select allows you to select as many figures as you would like, and then move, copy, paste, or perform other operations on the selection as a single entity.

To select side BC of the triangle, tap it.

8-3-1 Editing Figures

Tapping point D selects it, leaving side BC of the triangle selected, too.

To deselect all of the figures, tap anywhere on the screen where there are no figures.

Tip When Select is enabled, you can drag the currently selected figures to move them around the

display. For more information, see Moving and Copying Figures on page 8-3-3.

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kUsing Toggle Select Tap on the toolbar. This causes the button to become highlighted, indicating that Toggle Select is enabled. Toggle Select allows you to select and deselect figures. For example, if you have multiple figures selected, Toggle Select will allow you to deselect a single part of the selection. Tapping the part again will turn the selection back on.

Tip You cannot move figures around the window while Toggle Select is enabled. Also, the currently

selected figure does not become deselected if you tap an area of the window where there is no figure. To move what you currently have selected, simply change to the regular Select mode.

8-3-2 Editing Figures

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Moving and Copying Figures

It is easy to move figures or copy and paste figures in Geometry.

u To move a figure (1) Draw a figure.

(2) Tap G, and then select the figure.

(3) Drag the figure to move it to the location you want.

(4) Remove the stylus from the screen.

Tip Note that a selection boundary appears around the figure when you drag it.

8-3-3 Editing Figures

u To copy a figure (1) Draw a figure, and then select it.

(2) Tap [Edit], and then [Copy].

(3) Tap anywhere on the screen to deselect the figure.

(4) Tap [Edit], and then [Paste].

(5) Drag the pasted figure to the location you want.

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Using the Measurement Box

Tapping the u button to the right of the toolbar displays the measurement box. Tap t to return to the normal toolbar.

8-3-4 Editing Figures

You can use the measurement box to perform the following operations.

View the measurements of a figure Displaying the measurement box and selecting a figure displays combinations of the following measurements, depending on the type of object you select: coordinates, distance, slope, direction, equation, radius, circumference, area, perimeter, angle, tangency, congruence incidence, or point on curve.

Normal toolbar Measurement box

Specify a measurement of a figure After you display the measurement box, you can select part of a figure and then change numeric values for the applicable measurement. You can specify the coordinates of a point, the length of a line segment (distance between endpoints), the angle formed by two lines, etc.

Fix a measurement of a figure After you display the measurement box, you can select part of a figure and then fix the applicable measurement. You can fix the coordinates of a point, the length of a line segment, the angle formed by two lines, etc.

kViewing the Measurements of a Figure The type of information that appears in the measurement box depends on the figure that is currently selected on the display. If a line segment is selected, for example, the measurement box shows the distance, slope, angle from the x-axis, and the equation for that line. You can specify the type of information you want to view by tapping the down arrow button to the left of the measurement box, and then tapping the appropriate icon on the icon palette that appears.

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8-3-5 Editing Figures

The following table describes the information that appears when you tap each icon, and explains when each icon is available for selection.

Icon Icon Name This icon appears when this is selected:

Tapping this icon displays: Lockable

Coordinates YesT A single point Coordinates of the point

Distance/ length Yest

Two points on one figure or two different figures, or a single line segment or a vector

Distance between two points, length of a line segment or vector

Slope YesSingle line, line segment, or vector

Slope of the line, line segment or vector

Direction YesY Single line, line segment, or vector

Direction angle of the line (angle of inclination)

Equation

YesO

Any single line or line segment, vector, circle, arc, ellipse or any other figure (parabola, etc.) drawn by a function

Function of the figure (using rectangular coordinates)

Equation edit No5

Single parabola or any other figure drawn by a function

Equation of the figure in the function editing dialog box.

Radius Yes] Single circle or arc Radius of circle or arc

Circumference Yes

3

Single circle or arc Length of the circumference

Perimeter No

Single polygon Sum of the lengths of the sides

Area NoE Any three points, a single circle, arc, ellipse, or polygon

Area

Angle YesQ

t

Two line segments Angle and its supplement formed by the line segments

Tangency YesTwo circles or arcs, or a line and circle

Whether two items are tangent

Congruence YesTwo line segments Whether line segments are the same length

Incidence

Yes

Point and a line, arc, circle or a vector

Whether a point is on the line/curve

Point on curve

Point and a function, curve, or ellipse

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Icon Icon Name This icon appears when this is selected:

Tapping this icon displays: Lockable

Rotation angle

YesF Two points created by [Rotation]

Angle of rotation

Scale of dilation Yes2

Two points (like Point A and Point A) on a figure created by [Dilation]

Scale of dilation

Transform matrix No}

Two points (like Point A and Point A) on a figure created by [Rotation], [Dilation], or [General Transform]

Transform matrix

Tip The Direction and Rotation angle items always display information in degrees, regardless of

the currently selected angle unit setting.

8-3-6 Editing Figures

u To display the area of a triangular area You can use the measurement box to display the area of a triangle formed by any three points you select on the display.

Example: To use the parallelogram ABCD, in which sides AD and BC are parallel, to determine the areas of the triangles formed by side AD and point B, and side AD and point C

(1) Draw the parallelogram. If you need to, select [Edit] and then [Clear All] before beginning this example.

(2) Tap u on the toolbar to display the measurement box.

(3) Select points A, D, and B. This causes the area of the triangle ADB to appear

in the measurement box.

You can use the measurement box to determine certain measurements. In the first example below, three points are selected on the screen and the measurement box shows the area of the triangle formed by them. The second example shows how to view the measurements of a line segment.

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(4) Tap anywhere outside of the parallelogram to deselect the current points, and then select points A, D, and C.

This causes the area of the triangle ADC to appear in the measurement box. The above procedure shows that the areas of the two triangles are the same.

u To view the measurements of a line segment (1) Draw a line segment.

(2) Tap u on the toolbar to display the measurement box.

(3) Select the line segment.

This displays the length of the line segment.

(4) Tap the down arrow next to the measurement box to cycle through other measurements.

In the case of the line segment, for example, you can view its length, slope, direction, and equation.

8-3-7 Editing Figures

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kSpecifying a Measurement of a Figure The following example shows how to specify an angle of a triangle.

u To specify the angle of a triangle (1) Draw the triangle.

If you need to, select [Edit] and then [Clear All] before beginning this example.

(2) Tap u on the toolbar to display the measurement box.

(3) Select side AB and then select side BC.

This displays the measure of angle B in the measure- ment box.

8-3-8 Editing Figures

(4) Input the value you want to specify for angle B into the measurement box and press E.

In this example, we input 90, which makes angle B 90 degrees.

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8-3-9 Editing Figures

A highlighted check box indicates the measurement is fixed (constrained).

kFixing a Measurement of a Figure By fixing a measurement we mean that a constraint is placed on the figure. For example, if we fix (constrain) a point to a circle and move the circle, the point will also move. The following example shows how to fix the size of an angle of a triangle.

u To fix the measure of an angle of a triangle (1) Draw the triangle.

(2) Select side AB and then select side BC.

(3) Input 90 into the measurement box, and then select the check box to the right of it.

This fixes the measure of angle B at 90 degrees.

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8-4 Controlling Geometry Window Appearance This section provides information about how to control the appearance of the Geometry application window by scrolling or zooming, and by showing or hiding axes and the grid.

Configuring View Window Settings

You can use the following procedures to configure settings that control the appearance of the Geometry application window.

Tap O, [Settings], and then [View Window] to display the View Window dialog box. The View Window dialog box allows you to configure the x-axis range of values. The ymid value is used to center the Graph window vertically. For example, if we set ymid = 2, then the y- axis will appear 2 units below the center of the Graph window.

8-4-1 Controlling Geometry Window Appearance

Axes off, values off Axes on, values off Axes on, values on

Selecting the Axis Setting

Tap q, or tap [View] and then [Toggle Axes] to cycle through the three settings shown below.

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Toggling Integer Grid Display On and Off

You can toggle integer grid display on and off by tapping [View] and then [Integer Grid]. The [Integer Grid] command on the [View] menu has a check mark next to it while integer grid display is turned on.

Grid off Grid on

8-4-2 Controlling Geometry Window Appearance

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(4) Remove the stylus from the display and the area within the selection boundary expands to fill the entire Graph window.

8-4-3 Controlling Geometry Window Appearance

u To use Zoom In and Out

Example 1: To zoom in on a circle

(1) Draw a circle.

(2) Tap [View] and then [Zoom In], or tap W.

This enlarges the circle.

Example 2: To zoom out on a circle

(1) Draw a circle.

(2) Tap [View] and then [Zoom Out] or tap E.

This reduces the size of the circle.

Zooming

The Geometry application provides you with a selection of zoom commands that you can use to enlarge or reduce an entire display image or a specific area of a figure.

Tip The screenshots in this section all use the Axes on, values on setting described under

Selecting the Axis Setting on page 8-4-1.

u To use Zoom Box

Example: To use zoom box to enlarge part of a circle

(1) Draw a circle.

(2) Tap [View] and then [Zoom Box], or tap Q.

(3) Drag the stylus on the screen to draw a selection boundary around the area you want to enlarge.

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u To use Zoom to Fit (1) Draw the figure or figures you want.

If what you are drawing does not fit on the display, scroll the image as you draw it.

For information about scrolling the screen, see Using Pan to Shift the Display Image on page 8-4-5.

(2) Tap [View] and then [Zoom to Fit], or tap R.

This enlarges or reduces the figure so it fills the display.

8-4-4 Controlling Geometry Window Appearance

Tip You can also perform the Zoom In, Zoom Out, and Zoom to Fit operations by pressing ClassPad

keys as described below.

To do this: Press this key:

Zoom In +

Zoom Out -

Zoom to Fit =

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Using Pan to Shift the Display Image

Panning makes it easy to shift the display image by dragging with the stylus.

Tip The screenshot in this section uses the Axes on, values on setting described under Selecting

the Axis Setting on page 8-4-1.

u To use Pan

Example: To pan the image of a circle

(1) Draw a circle.

(2) Tap [View] and then [Pan], or tap T.

(3) Place the stylus on the screen and drag in the direction you want to shift the image of the circle.

8-4-5 Controlling Geometry Window Appearance

Tip You can also scroll the window using the cursor keys.

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8-5 Working with Animations An animation consists of one or more point/curve pairs, in which the curve can be a line segment, circle, ellipse, or function. You build an animation by selecting a point/curve pair, and then adding it to an animation.

Using Animation Commands

You can build and run an animation either by executing menu commands or by using the animation toolbar that appears when you tap [View] and then [Animation UI].

[Edit] [Animate]

8-5-1 Working with Animations

[View] [Animation UI]

Tip Most of the procedures in this section are performed using the [Animate] submenu.

All of the [Animate] menu commands can be accessed from the animation toolbar, except for [Edit] - [Animate] - [Edit Animations].

To close the animation toolbar and return to the normal toolbar, tap the = button on the right side of the animation toolbar, or tap [View] and then [Animation UI].

[Animate] submenu

Add Animation Trace

Go (repeat) Stop

Replace Animation Go (once)

Go (to and fro)

} Animation toolbar

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u To add an animation and run it (1) Plot a point and draw an arc. Or, you could draw a circle, ellipse, line segment, or

function instead of an arc.

(2) Select the point and arc.

8-5-2 Working with Animations

(3) Tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Add Animation].

(4) Tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Go (once)], [Go (repeat)], or [Go (to and fro)].

Point A moves along arc CD.

(5) Tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Stop] to stop the animation.

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u To animate a point around a circle (1) Plot a point and draw a circle, and then select them.

8-5-3 Working with Animations

Tip You can repeat the above procedure to create multiple points that move simultaneously.

Try this: Draw a line segment and plot another point. Select the line segment and the point. Repeat steps (3) and (4) on page 8-5-2. Notice that both animations go at the same time!

To start a new animation, perform the procedure under To replace the current animation with a new one on page 8-5-4. Or, tap [Edit], [Animate] and then [Edit Animations]. On the dialog box that appears tap [Remove].

(2) Tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Add Animation].

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(3) Tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Go (once)].

This causes the point to travel around the circumference of the circle.

u To replace the current animation with a new one (1) Select the point and curve for the new animation.

(2) Tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Replace Animation].

This discards the currently set animation and sets up an animation for a new point and curve set. Tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Go (once)] to see your new animation.

u To trace a locus of points

Tip Using trace leaves a trail of points when the animation is run.

(1) Draw a line segment AB and plot point C, which is not on line segment AB.

(2) Plot point D, which should also not be on line segment AB, but should be on the same side of the line segment as point C.

(3) Draw a line segment that connects point D with point C.

(4) Draw another line segment that connects point D with line segment AB. This is line segment DE.

8-5-4 Working with Animations

(5) Tap the right arrow button to display the measurement box.

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(6) Select line segments AB and DE, enter 90 in the measurement box, and tap the check box next to the measurement box.

This fixes the angle between AB and DE at 90 degrees.

8-5-5 Working with Animations

(7) Select only line segments DE and DC, and then tap the down arrow next to the measurement box.

(8) Tap the e icon, and then select the check box to the right of the measurement box.

This makes line segments DE and DC congruent in length.

(9) Select point E and line segment AB.

(10) Tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Add Animation].

(11) Tap the screen to deselect the currently selected items.

(12) Select point D.

A highlighted check box indicates the measurement is fixed (constrained).

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u To edit an animation (1) While the animation you want to edit is on the display, tap [Edit], [Animate], and then

[Edit Animations].

This displays the animation editing window in the lower window. The upper window contains the animation that we just completed in To trace a locus of points. See page 8-5-4 for information about specifying the trace point.

(2) Edit the animation following the procedure below.

Steps This setting specifies how many steps point E takes to move along line segment AB. The initial default value is 20.

Animations The E under Animations indicates that point E is

the point moved by the animation. When you are building multiple animations, a list of all applicable points appears here.

Tapping [Remove] deletes the applicable animation. t0 and t1 specify the range of movement of point

E on line segment AB. The initial default values are t0 = 0 and t1 = 1.

During animation, the length of AB is considered to be one unit. The default values specify that movement of point E is from start point A (point where length equals 0) up to end point B (point where length equals 1).

Changing the value of t0 to 0.5, for example, causes point E to move from the middle of line segment AB to point B.

Changing the value of t0 to 1, causes point E to begin at a point outside line segment AB (in this case, at a point a distance equivalent to the length of line segment AB) and ending with point B.

8-5-6 Working with Animations

(13) Tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Trace].

(14) With point D still selected, tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Go (once)].

This should cause a parabola to be traced on the display. Note that line segment AB is the directrix and point C is the focus of the parabola.

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8-5-7 Working with Animations

Measurement box

Traces This item shows the specified trace point. Tapping [Remove] cancels the trace point setting.

(3) While the lower window is active, tap O and then [Close] to close the animation editing window.

u To view an animation table (1) Draw a triangle and a line segment above the triangle.

(2) Tap the right arrow button to display the measurement box.

(3) Select the line segment and the vertex point closest to the line.

(4) Tap the down arrow next to the measurement box.

(5) Tap the 6 icon, and then select the check box to the right of the measurement box.

This connects the segment and vertex point.

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8-5-8 Working with Animations

(6) With the line and vertex point still selected, tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Add Animation].

(7) Now, select only one side of the triangle.

(8) Tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Go (once)].

(9) Tap # next to the measurement box.

While the animation is running, the lower window shows the table for the length of the side you selected.

(10) Try selecting another side and running the animation again to view the table for that side. Or, select another side and tap #.

(11) Select all three sides of the triangle and run the animation again.

The table that appears in the lower window will show how the area of the triangle changes while the animation runs.

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8-6 Using the Geometry Application with Other Applications

You can display the Geometry application from within the eActivity or Main application. This is a great feature that allows you the visualize the relationship between Algebra and Geometry. You can, for example, drag a figure from the Geometry window to the eActivity window to see its corresponding mathematical expression. This section describes how to do this and other useful things.

8-6-1 Using the Geometry Application with Other Applications

Drag and Drop

When you open Geometry within another application, you can drag and drop information between the two application windows.

Example 1: To drag a circle from the Geometry window to the eActivity window

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap m to display the application menu, and then tap A to start the eActivity

application.

(2) From the eActivity menu, tap [Insert] and then [Geometry].

This inserts a Geometry data strip, and displays the Geometry window in the lower half of the screen.

Geometry data strip

Geometry window

For details about Geometry data strips, see Inserting an Application Data Strip on page 10-3-5.

(3) Draw a circle on the Geometry window.

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(4) Select the circle and drag it to the first available line in the eActivity window.

This inserts the equation of the circle in the eActivity window.

(5) You can now experiment with the data in the eActivity window.

Tip Try modifying the radius of the circle in the eActivity window. Highlight your modified equation,

then drag it into the Geometry window.

8-6-2 Using the Geometry Application with Other Applications

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Example 2: To drag two sides of a triangle from the Geometry window to the Main window

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap m to display the application menu, and then tap J to start the Main application.

(2) Tap 3 to display the Geometry window in the lower half of the screen.

Geometry window

(3) Draw a triangle on the Geometry window.

(4) Select two sides of the triangle and drag them to the Main window.

This inserts the equations of the sides in the Main window.

8-6-3 Using the Geometry Application with Other Applications

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(5) Press E.

Notice that the solution is the same as the coordinates of point A.

Tip Try using this drag and drop method to find the point of intersection of two lines. This is a great

way to find the solution to a system of equations.

To view a fractional result as a decimal, tap the input row and then u.

The information that appears when you drop a figure into another application depends on the figure you are dragging. Many of the possible outcomes are listed in the table below.

Support for drag and drop into a Geometry Link row* in an eActivityGeometric Figure

Point

Line Segment

Infinite Line

Vector (Ray)

Circle

Arc

Ellipse

Function (y=f (x))

Two Lines

Polygon

Pairs of points related by a transformation

Drag and drop into another application transforms to:

An Ordered Pair

Linear Equation

Linear Equation

An Ordered Pair (head of vector, assuming the tail is at the origin)

Equation of a Circle

Equation of a Circle

Equation of an Ellipse

Equation of the Function

System of Equations

Matrix Containing each Vertex Point

Expression Showing Point Relationship

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes yes

no

no

no

Open Polygon created by Animation

Matrix Containing each Vertex Point

no

no

* For details about a Geometry Link row, see Inserting a Geometry Link Row on page 10-3-12.

8-6-4 Using the Geometry Application with Other Applications

To show the coordinates of A, just select point A. Its coordinates will be displayed in the status bar.

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Copy and Paste

In addition to drag and drop, you can also copy figures or columns from an animation table, and paste them into another application.

Dynamically Linked Data

Another nice feature of the ClassPad is the ability to create a dynamic link between a geometric figure and its equation in the eActivity window. When a geometric figure is dynamically linked to an equation, you will notice a link symbol ( ) in front of the equation in the eActivity window. Changing the graph in the Geometry window will automatically update the linked data in the eActivity window. Also, changing the data in the eActivity window will update the graph in the Geometry window. Note that this feature is available only within the eActivity application.

Example of dynamically linked data

For information on how to create a dynamic link between a geometric figure and its equation in the eActivity window, see Inserting a Geometry Link Row on page 10-3-12.

8-6-5 Using the Geometry Application with Other Applications

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8-7 Managing Geometry Application Files This section covers file management operations such as save, open, delete, rename, move, etc.

Tip You can also use the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1) to manage Geometry application files.

File Operations

u To save a file (1) Tap [File] and then [Save].

This displays the Files dialog box.

(2) Tap the name of the folder where you want to save the file so it is selected.

8-7-1 Managing Geometry Application Files

File name edit box

(3) In the file name edit box, input up to 8 bytes for the file name.

(4) Tap [Save].

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(3) Enter the file name you want to find and then tap [Search].

File names that match the one you enter become highlighted on the display. Tapping [Open] opens the highlighted file.

To search for the next occurrence of the file name, tap [Search] again and then tap [Next] on the Search dialog box.

u To open an existing file (1) Tap [File] and then [Open].

This displays the Files dialog box.

(2) Open the folder that contains the file you want to open.

(3) Tap the name of the file you want to open so it is selected, and then tap [Open].

u To search for a file (1) Tap [File] and then [Open].

This displays the Files dialog box.

(2) Tap [Search].

This displays the Search dialog box.

8-7-2 Managing Geometry Application Files

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u To save a file under a different name (1) Tap [File] and then [Save].

This displays the Files dialog box.

8-7-3 Managing Geometry Application Files

(3) Tap [Save].

Tip When saving a file, you could select a different folder before inputting a file name in step (2).

u To delete a file (1) Tap [File] and then [Open].

This displays the Files dialog box.

(2) Select the check box next to the file you want to delete.

You can select multiple files for deletion, if you want.

Selecting a check box next to a folder name automatically checks the boxes for all files inside that folder.

(3) Tap [File] and then [Delete].

(4) In response to the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to delete the file(s) or [Cancel] to cancel.

(5) To close the Files dialog box, tap [Cancel].

Tip Selecting a folder in the above procedure deletes the folder and all of its contents. Note, however,

that the main folder cannot be deleted, even if you check it.

(2) Input up to 8 bytes for the new name under which you want to save the file.

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8-7-4 Managing Geometry Application Files

u To rename a file (1) Tap [File] and then [Open].

This displays the Files dialog box.

(2) Tap the name of the file you want to rename so it is selected.

(3) Tap [File] and then [Rename].

This displays the Rename dialog box.

(4) Enter the new file name.

(5) In response to the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to rename the file or [Cancel] to cancel.

(6) To close the Files dialog box, tap [Cancel].

u To move a file to another folder (1) Tap [File] and then [Open].

This displays the Files dialog box.

(2) Select the check box next to the file you want to move.

To move multiple files, select all of their check boxes.

(3) Tap [File] and then [Move].

This causes a dialog box for selecting the destination folder to appear.

(4) On the dialog box, tap the down arrow button and then select the destination folder from the list that appears.

(5) Tap [OK].

(6) To close the Files dialog box, tap [Cancel].

Folder Operations

u To create a new folder (1) Tap [File] and then [Open].

This displays the Files dialog box.

(2) Tap [File] and then [Create Folder], or tap {.

This displays the Create Folder dialog box.

(3) Enter up to 8 bytes for the folder name.

(4) In response to the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to create the folder or [Cancel] to cancel.

(5) To close the Files dialog box, tap [Cancel].

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u To delete a folder

Warning! Deleting a folder also deletes all files inside of it. Please double-check to make sure you no longer need the contents of a folder before deleting it.

(1) Tap [File] and then [Open].

This displays the Files dialog box.

(2) Select the check box next to the folder you want to delete.

You can select multiple folders for deletion, if you want.

Selecting a check box next to a folder name automatically selects the check boxes for all of the files inside that folder.

(3) Tap [File] and then [Delete].

(4) In response to the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to delete the folder or [Cancel] to cancel.

(5) To close the Files dialog box, tap [Cancel].

Tip You cannot delete the main folder.

u To rename a folder Use the procedure under To rename a file on page 8-7-4 to rename a folder. Simply select a folder instead of a file.

8-7-5 Managing Geometry Application Files

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9Using the Numeric Solver Application This chapter provides information about the functions of the Numeric Solver application, referred to as NumSolve, and explains how to perform Numeric Solver procedures. Numeric Solver lets you obtain the value of any variable in an equation without the need to transform or simplify the equation.

9-1 Numeric Solver Application Overview

9-2 Using Numeric Solver

Chapter

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9-1-1 Numeric Solver Application Overview

9-1 Numeric Solver Application Overview This section describes the configuration of the Numeric Solver application windows and provides basic information about Numeric Solver menu and commands.

Numeric Solver Application Window

Starting up Numeric Solver application displays the window shown below.

Input equations here.

kO Menu

Variable list

Starting Up the Numeric Solver Application

Use the following procedure to start up the Numeric Solver application.

u ClassPad Operation On the application menu, tap N.

Numeric Solver Menus and Buttons

This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and buttons of the Numeric Solver window.

For information about the O - [Settings] menu, see Using the Settings Menu on page 1-5-8.

To do this: Make the Num Solver window active Make the Graph Editor window active Make the 3D Graph Editor window active

Make the Main application active

Select this O menu item: NumSolve Graph Editor 3D Graph Editor Main

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kToolbar The toolbar provides you with easy access to the Main application, 3D Graph Editor, Graph Editor, and, of course, Solve.

kDragging an Expression from the Other Application to the Numeric Solver Window

You can drag expression and equations from the Main application window or Graph Editor window and drop them into the Numeric Solver window.

uClassPad Operation (1) On the Graph Editor window, input the equation x3 + 4x2 + x 2.

(2) Tap the equation to the right of y1=. Next, tap [Edit] and then [Select All].

(3) Drag the equation x3 + 4x2 + x 2 to the Equation: cursor position.

9-1-2 Numeric Solver Application Overview

kaMenu

To do this: Clear all 1-character input variables (a through z) Initialize the upper boundary and lower boundary

Select this a menu item: Clear az

Initialize Bound

Important! Performing Clear a-z operation clears all 1-character variables, regardless of variable data

type. Programs and functions with file names from a through z are also cleared.

Numeric Solver window

Graph Editor window

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9-2 Using Numeric Solver Numeric Solver lets you obtain the value of any variable in an equation, without the need to transform or simplify the equation.

Example: t is the time it would take for an object thrown straight up with initial velocity v to reach height h.

Use the formula below to calculate the initial velocity v for a height of h = 14 meters and a time of t = 2 seconds. Gravitational acceleration is g = 9.8 m/s2.

h = vt 1/2 gt2

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap m to display the application menu, and then tap N.

This starts up the Numeric Solver application.

(2) k 9 V

(3) Input the equation as it is written, and then tap w.

h=vt-(b/c)gt{cw

If you do not input an equal sign (=), the ClassPad assumes that the entire expression is on the left side of the equal sign and that the right side is zero. Inputting more than one equal sign causes an error.

(4) On the list of expression variables that appears, enter values for the variables you want.

bewawcwj.iw

You can also specify upper and lower limit values for the solution.

An error occurs if there is no solution within the range of values you specify.

(5) Select the variable for which you want to solve (so the button next to the variable becomes ).

9-2-1 Using Numeric Solver

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9-2-2 Using Numeric Solver

(6) Tap 1, or tap [Solve] and then [Execute] on the Numeric Solver menu.

The [LeftRight] value shows the difference between the left side and right side results.

Tip Numeric Solver solves functions by calculating approximations based on Newtons method.

This means that solutions may include errors that are not actual solutions. The accuracy of solutions can be determined by viewing the [LeftRight] value. The closer the [LeftRight] value is to zero, the more accurate the results.

If ClassPad judges that the displayed results are not converging sufficiently, it displays the message Did not converge. Do you wish to continue a calculation? Tap [Yes] to continue, or [No] to cancel the calculation.

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Using the eActivity Application An eActivity is both a documentation tool, and a student notebook. As a documentation tool, a teacher can create electronic examples and practice problems with accompanying text, mathematical expressions, 2D and 3D graphs, geometric drawings, and tables. eActivities provide the student the means to explore problems, document their learning and problem solving by entering notes, and share their learning by saving their work to a file.

10-1 eActivity Application Overview 10-2 Creating an eActivity

10-3 Inserting Data into an eActivity

10-4 Working with eActivity Files

10-5 Transferring eActivity Files

10

Chapter

eActivity Data Download Center A variety of eActivity files are available for download at the CASIO Website. Visit the URL below for more information.

http://classpad.net/

After you download an eActivity file, you will need to use ClassPad Manager software to transfer it from your computer to your ClassPad. See the instructions provided at the CASIO Website for more information.

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10-1-1 eActivity Application Overview

10-1 eActivity Application Overview The eActivity application lets you input and edit text, mathematical expressions, and ClassPad application data, and save your input in a file called an eActivity. The techniques you will use are similar to those of a standard word processor, and they are easy to get used to.

Starting Up the eActivity Application

Use the following procedure to start up the eActivity application.

uClassPad Operation On the application menu, tap A.

This starts the eActivity application and displays the eActivity window.

eActivity Application Window

The eActivity application can be used to create a file called an eActivity. A basic eActivity can contain text along with application data, which is embedded as a row or a strip. A row can be a Text Row, a Calculation Row, or a Geometry Link. A strip can be an application data strip (Main, Geometry, Graph & Table, Conics, Sequence, and so on). Creating an eActivity is as simple as typing in text and adding application data using the toolbar.

eActivity window

Graph strip

Expand button

Expanded graph window

Example eActivity Windows

eActivity window

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eActivity Application Menus and Buttons

This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and toolbar buttons of the eActivity application. For information about the O menu, see Using the O Menu on page 1-5-4.

kFile Menu

10-1-2 eActivity Application Overview

kEdit Menu

New Open Save

Select this File menu item:To do this:

Start a new eActivity Open an existing eActivity Save the current eActivity to a file

Undo/Redo Cut Copy

Paste the current clipboard contents onto the screen Paste Select all rows and strips on the display Select All

Delete Line Clear the eActivity window Clear All

Select this Edit menu item:

To do this:

Undo the last operation or redo an operation that was just undone Cut the currently selected string and place it onto the clipboard Copy the currently selected string and place it onto the clipboard

Delete the contents of the line where the cursor is located

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k Insert Menu

kAction Menu

10-1-3 eActivity Application Overview

Calculation Row

~

3

$

!

%

@

^

*

y

(

1

&

_

Q

W

Text Row Geometry Link

Insert an application data strip Main

Geometry

Graph

Graph Editor

3D Graph

3D Graph Editor

Conics Graph

Conics Editor

Stat Graph

List Editor

NumSolve

Sequence Editor

Notes

Spreadsheet

Verify

Or select this Insert menu item: To do this:

Insert a calculation row Insert a text row Insert a Geometry-linked data row

Tap this button

Tap [Action]. Do this: To do this:

Insert a command (page 2-7-1)

kOther Buttons The operations described below are available from the toolbar only. There are no corresponding menu commands for these buttons.

{

u

Converts a text row to a calculation row

Converts a calculation row to a text row

u

Tap this button:To do this:

Open the Files dialog box (page 10-2-2)

Toggles a calculation result between standard (fractional result) and decimal (approximate result)

Bold the entire line of text where the cursor is located

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10-1-4 eActivity Application Overview

eActivity Application Status Bar

The information that appears in the eActivity application status bar is same as the Main application status bar information. See Using Main Application Modes on page 2-1-4.

eActivity Key Operations

In the eActivity application, the cursor key, K key, and E key operate differently than they do in other modes.

Cursor Key

The cursor key moves the cursor around the eActivity window. Though you can always move the cursor up and down, you may not always be able to

move it left and right. The left and right cursor key operations move the cursor left and right in the current row, but for the most part they cannot be used to move the cursor between rows of different types.

Up and down cursor operations move the cursor between rows, regardless of type.

K Key

Pressing the K key deletes the character to the left of the current cursor position.

E Key

Pressing the E key while the cursor is in a text row inserts a carriage return and adds a new line.

Pressing the E key while the cursor is in a calculation row re-calculates the expression of the current calculation row as well as all of the calculation rows below the current row.

Pressing the E key while the cursor is in a Geometry Link row re-calculates the data in the link and updates the corresponding graph in the Geometry window.

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10-2 Creating an eActivity This provides a general overview of eActivity operations, from starting up the eActivity application to saving an eActivity file. It also presents precautions you need to keep in mind when managing eActivity files.

Basic Steps for Creating an eActivity

The following are the basic steps you need to perform when creating an eActivity. Detailed information about each step is provided in the other sections of this chapter.

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap m to display the application menu, and then tap A to start the eActivity

application.

This displays the eActivity window as it appeared the last time it was used.

If you are already in the eActivity application and there is data on the display, tap [File] and then [New]. Note that [New] clears data from the display without saving it.

(2) On the eActivity window, insert the text, expressions, application data, and other data you want to include in the eActivity.

There are four types of data you can insert into an eActivity: text rows, calculation rows, Geometry Link rows, and application data strips. For details about inserting each type of data, see 10-3 Inserting Data into an eActivity.

10-2-1 Creating an eActivity

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(3) After the eActivity is the way you want, tap [File] and then [Save].

This displays the Files dialog box.

This is a list of folders and files. Select the name of the folder where you want to save the eActivity file by tapping it.

Tap here to create a new folder.

Enter up to 20 characters for the eActivity file name.

10-2-2 Creating an eActivity

(4) After selecting a folder and entering a file name, tap [Save] to save the eActivity.

Warning! If you do not save the eActivity you are creating before tapping m on the icon panel to

display the application menu or before tapping M to display the Main application, the unsaved eActivity data may be deleted.

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Managing eActivity Files

This section covers file management operations like save, open, delete, rename, move, etc. Performing one of these operations displays a Files dialog box like the ones shown below. The buttons that appear in the dialog box depend on the operation you performed to display the Files dialog box.

10-2-3 Creating an eActivity

The operations you can perform on the Files dialog box are identical to those of the Geometry application Files dialog box, except that eActivity file names can contain up to 20 characters (bytes). For details, see 8-7 Managing Geometry Application Files.

Important! eActivity files are stored in a memory area that is separate from that used for storing other

types of data (variable data, Geometry data, Presentation data, etc.) Because of this, you cannot access eActivity files data using the Variable Manager. You have to use the eActivity application to perform eActivity file management operations.

(Includes [Save] button.)

Tap [File] and then [Save].

(Includes [Open] button.)

Tap [File] and then [Open].

(Includes [Save] and [Open] buttons.)

Tap {.

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10-3 Inserting Data into an eActivity The following describes the four types of data you can insert into an eActivity.

10-3-1 Inserting Data into an eActivity

Inserting a Text Row

Text rows make it possible to display and edit text directly in the eActivity window. Text rows can contain multiple lines, as well as mathematical expressions. A mathematical expression contained in a text row is not evaluated. Pressing E, while in the Text Input mode, will advance you to the next line without displaying results. Individual text rows can scroll horizontally, but not vertically. The entire eActivity page can be scrolled vertically.

Tip You can also use the ) soft keyboard to input mathematical expressions into a text row.

u To select the input mode (1) On the eActivity window toolbar, tap the fourth button from the left (u / ) to toggle

the input mode between Text Input and Calculation Input.

Geometry Link Row Use this row to insert data that is linked with a Geometry window figure.

Text Row A text row can be used to insert text data and mathematical expression text in natural format. You can also bold the text in a text row.

Calculation Row Use the calculation row to insert any of the calculation operations that are available in the Main application.

Application data strip The application data strip lets you display a window from a ClassPad application (Main, Graph & Table, Geometry, etc.) and use the window to create data, which is inserted into the eActivity.

u button indicates the Text Input mode is selected.

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Tip The toolbar button for switching between input modes appears as u while the cursor is located

in a text row, and while the cursor is located in a calculation row.

10-3-2 Inserting Data into an eActivity

u To insert a Text Row (1) Tap to change a row to the Text Input mode.

If the cursor is located in a line that already contains input data, place the cursor at the end of the line, tap [Insert] and then [Text Row]. This inserts a text row on the next line.

(2) Use the soft keyboard or keypad keys to input the text you want.

You can use the alphabet (abc) keyboard to input alphabetic characters.

Use the other keyboards to input mathematical expressions, commands, etc. Note that any mathematical expressions or commands you input into a text row are treated as text. They are not executed.

Note that word wrap is not performed when inputting text into a text row. Because of this, you need to tap w to input carriage returns as required.

u To bold text (1) Move the cursor to the line of text you want to bold.

(2) Tap .

(3) To unbold the text, tap again.

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10-3-3 Inserting Data into an eActivity

Inserting a Calculation Row

Calculation rows let you perform calculations in an eActivity. When you input a mathematical expression, the output expression (result) appears, right justified, in the next line. An eActivity that contains only calculation rows looks very much like the Main application window. Note that you can edit the input expression, but not the output expression (result). You can also copy, paste, drag and drop input and output expressions. Both the input and output rows scroll independently in a horizontal direction.

Tip If the input expression of a calculation row is not a valid expression, the row will contain only the

input expression, without an output expression.

u To select the input mode (1) On the eActivity window toolbar, tap the fourth button from the left (u / ) to toggle

the input mode between Text Input and Calculation Input.

button indicates the Calculation Input mode is selected.

This mark is displayed at the head of the line while the Calculation Input mode is selected.

Tip The toolbar button for switching between input modes appears as u while the cursor is located

in a text row, and while the cursor is located in a calculation row.

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10-3-4 Inserting Data into an eActivity

Line 1: Expression you input

If you want to input an expression without displaying its result, do not press E. Instead, tap [Insert] and then [Text Row] to input a text row. Or you could change the current row from a calculation row to a text row by tapping while the cursor is in the row.

Line 2: Result

u To insert a Calculation Row (1) Tap u to change a row from the Text Input mode to the Calculation Input mode.

If the cursor is located in a line that already contains input data, place the cursor at the end of the line, tap [Insert] and then [Calculation Row]. This inserts a calculation row on the next line.

(2) Use the soft keyboard or keypad keys to input the mathematical expression you want.

Mathematical expression input techniques are identical to those in the Main application. See Chapter 2 for more information.

(3) Press E after inputting an expression to display its result.

Important! If you edit the expression in an existing calculation row and then press E, all of the

expressions following the line you edited are re-calculated and their results are refreshed. Even mathematical expressions you originally input into the eActivity without calculating their results are calculated, and their results appear.

Changing 10 S b to 20 S b in the example below and pressing E causes all of the expressions under 20 S b to be re-calculated.

Tap to the right of 10. Press K twice, and then

input 20.

Press E.

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Inserting an Application Data Strip

An application data strip can be used to embed data from other ClassPad applications into an eActivity. An application data strip contains the elements shown below.

10-3-5 Inserting Data into an eActivity

kTo insert an application data strip into an eActivity Tap the [Insert] menu or the v down arrow button next to the ~ button, and then select the command or button that corresponds to the type of application data you want to insert.

Expand button Tap here to display the application data in the lower window.

Title You can enter a title, if you want.

Main ~

Select this [Insert] menu item:

To insert this type of application data:

Main application work area window data

Geometry 3Geometry application Geometry window data

Graph $Graph & Table application Graph window data

Graph Editor !Graph & Table application Graph Editor window data

3D Graph %3D Graph application 3D Graph window data

3D Graph Editor @3D Graph application 3D Graph Editor window data

Conics Graph ^Conics application Conics Graph window data

Conics Editor *Conics application Conics Editor window data

Stat Graph yStatistics application Statistical Graph window data

List Editor (Statistics application List Editor window data

NumSolve 1NumSolve application Numeric Solver window data

Sequence Editor

Notes

&

_

Q

W

Sequence application Sequence Editor window data

Notes window*1

SpreadsheetSpreadsheet window data

VerifyVerify window*2 data

Or tap this button:

*1 The Notes window is a function you can use within the eActivity application. *2 The Verify window is a function you can use within the eActivity application and the Main

application. See 2-10 Using Verify for details.

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Example 1: To insert a Geometry data strip

uClassPad Operation (1) From the eActivity menu, tap [Insert] and then [Geometry].

This inserts a Geometry data strip, and displays the Geometry window in the lower half of the screen.

10-3-6 Inserting Data into an eActivity

(2) On the Geometry window, draw the figure you want.

For details about Geometry window operations, see Chapter 8.

Geometry data strip

Geometry window

(3) After you finish performing the operation you want on the Geometry window, tap O and then [Close] to close the Geometry window and return to the eActivity window.

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(4) Tap the title box of the Geometry data strip and enter the title you want.

10-3-7 Inserting Data into an eActivity

If you want to input more data into the eActivity, tap the next line or use the [Insert] menu to select the type of strip you want to insert next.

Example 2: To insert a Graph data strip

uClassPad Operation (1) On the eActivity window, tap [Insert] and then [Graph].

This inserts a Graph data strip, and displays the Graph window in the lower half of the screen.

Graph data strip

Graph window

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(3) After you finish performing the operation you want on the Graph window, tap O and then [Close] to close the Graph window. You will also need to tap the Graph Editor window, and then select O then [Close] to return to the eActivity window.

(4) Tap the title box of the Graph data strip and enter the title you want.

10-3-8 Inserting Data into an eActivity

Display the Graph Editor window and input the function.

Graph the function.

If you want to input more data into the eActivity, tap the next line or use the [Insert] menu to select the type of row or strip you want to insert next.

(2) On the Graph window, draw the graph you want.

Tap the ! button to display the Graph applications Graph Editor window, enter a function to graph, and then graph the function. For details about inputting functions on the Graph Editor window and graphing functions, see Chapter 3.

Tap $.

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Example 3: To use Notes in an eActivity

Notes is a simple text editing tool for taking notes or including in-depth explanations within an eActivity. You can use Notes to store information for later use, or as a place to jot down ideas.

uClassPad Operation (1) On the eActivity window, tap [Insert] and then [Notes].

This inserts a Notes strip and displays the Notes window in the lower half of the screen.

10-3-9 Inserting Data into an eActivity

(2) Enter text you want in the Notes window.

You can use the Edit menu and toolbar to perform following operations while the Notes window is on the display.

Undo/Redo

Select this Edit menu item:To do this:

Undo the last operation or redo an operation that was just undone

Cut r Cut the currently selected string and place it onto the clipboard

Copy t Copy the currently selected string and place it onto the clipboard

Paste yPaste the current clipboard contents onto the screen

Select All Select all text on the Notes window

Clear All Clear all text from the Notes window

5Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1)

Or tap this button:

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Moving Information Between eActivity and Applications

An eActivity is like an interactive notebook or textbook that allows you to explore the world of mathematics right on the page. You can take almost any expression from an eActivity page and send it to another application. You can also take information from an application and insert it into an eActivity page.

kCut, Copy, and Paste You can cut, copy, or paste text or mathematical expressions between the eActivity and any other application. You can also cut, copy, and paste text and mathematical expressions inside an eActivity. Depending on the application, you can cut or copy, and paste text and mathematical expression data into an eActivity. For example, you can copy a line in the Geometry measurement box and paste it into an eActivity as an expression.

10-3-10 Inserting Data into an eActivity

Tip You can use the Notes window to enter notes, homework assignments, in-depth details, etc.

All information you enter is treated as text.

When inputting text into a Notes window, the cursor will jump down to the beginning of the next line when the right edge of the current line is reached.

Notes does not support 2D math symbols.

The Notes application is available only in eActivity.

(3) After you finish entering text, you can close the Notes window by tapping O and then [Close].

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10-3-11 Inserting Data into an eActivity

kDrag and Drop You can drag and drop text or mathematical expressions between eActivity and other applications. You can also drag and drop within an eActivity. Depending on the application, you can drag text and mathematical expressions from an eActivity to another application window. For example, you can drag an equation from the eActivity directly onto a graph window.

(1) Graph strip is expanded in the lower window.

(2) Expression is selected in the eActivity.

(3) Expression has been dragged into the graph window.

Tip For details about what you can drag and drop between the eActivity window and Geometry

window, see 8-6 Using the Geometry Application with Other Applications.

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Inserting a Geometry Link Row

A Geometry Link row dynamically links data in the Geometry window with the corresponding data in an eActivity. You can display lines and figures drawn in Geometry as values and mathematical expressions in a Geometry Link row. Dragging a line or figure from the Geometry window to a Geometry Link row in an eActivity converts the line or figure to its mathematical expression. This expression is interlinked with its Geometry window figure, so modifying one causes a corresponding change in the other.

u To input a Geometry Link row

Example: To drag one side of a triangle drawn on the Geometry window and link it to an eActivity

(1) Open the eActivity application. Next, tap [Insert] and then [Geometry] to insert a Geometry strip.

(2) On the Geometry window that appears in the lower half of the screen, draw a triangle.

For details about Geometry window operations, see Chapter 8.

(3) Tap the eActivity window just below the Geometry strip.

This makes eActivity the active window.

Example of inserting a Geometry Link row

Modifying the equation in a Geometry Link updates the figure in the Geometry window. Conversely, changing the shape, position, or some other parameter of the figure on the Geometry window updates the equation in the Geometry Link.

10-3-12 Inserting Data into an eActivity

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(4) Tap [Insert] and then [Geometry Link].

This inserts a Geometry Link row in the next line.

10-3-13 Inserting Data into an eActivity

(5) Tap the Geometry window to make it active.

(6) Tap one side of the triangle to select it, and then drag it to the link symbol in the eActivity window.

This inputs the equation of the line that represents the side of the triangle into the link.

Modifying the equation in the Geometry Link row and pressing E causes a corre- sponding change in the Geometry window (lower right screenshot).

The example below shows how the isosceles triangle ABC (CA = BC) changes when the equation in the Geometry Link row is changed from y = 1.91x + 0.983 to y = x + 2.

Geometry Link row

Symbol

Tip Dragging a line or figure from the Geometry window to a text row or calculation row in an

eActivity also converts the figure to its value or equation. In this case, however, data in the text row or calculation row is not interlinked with the Geometry window figure.

Pressing E after changing data in a Geometry Link updates the corresponding figure in the Geometry window.

Changing the figure in the Geometry window will cause the linked data in an eActivity to update accordingly.

Drag the stylus across 1.91x + 0.983.

Input x + 2. Press E.

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10-4 Working with eActivity Files You can perform basic file operations on eActivity files. You can open previously saved files, edit an existing file, and save a file under a new name.

Opening an Existing eActivity

Perform the following steps to open an existing eActivity file.

uClassPad Operation (1) On the eActivity window, tap [File] and then [Open].

This displays the Files dialog box.

10-4-1 Working with eActivity Files

(2) Select the name of the eActivity file you want to open by tapping it.

(3) Tap [Open].

This opens the eActivity you selected in step (2).

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Editing the Contents of an eActivity

To edit an eActivity, you can use the same procedures that you used when you created it. For more information, see 10-3 Inserting Data into an eActivity.

Expanding an Application Data Strip

Tapping the expand button of an application data strip expands the application data in the lower window. The expand button of a data strip is highlighted to indicate that it is expanded in the lower window.

10-4-2 Working with eActivity Files

Indicates Example 1 is expanded. Indicates Example 2 is expanded.

Browsing the Contents of an eActivity

When you first open an eActivity, its data appears on the window starting from line 1. Use the scroll bar to scroll the window contents if necessary.

To view the contents of an application data strip in the eActivity, tap the expand button (which is the icon in the data strip). For more information, see Expanding an Application Data Strip below.

Expand button

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u To replace the original eActivity file with the newly edited version (1) On the eActivity window, tap [File] and then [Save].

This displays the Files dialog box.

10-4-3 Working with eActivity Files

(2) Tap [Save] without changing the displayed file name.

This causes the original eActivity file to be replaced by the newly edited version.

Current eActivity file name

Modifying the Data in an Application Data Strip

Modifying application data on an application window in the lower eActivity window causes the eActivity data to be modified as well. If you change the equation in the eActivity Graph window, for example, the new graph will become the data of the eActivity. This means that when you save and then reopen an eActivity file, tapping the application data strips expand button again will cause the new graph to be displayed.

Saving an Edited eActivity

As with any other file, there are two ways to save an edited eActivity: resaving the original eActivity with the newly edited eActivity, or saving the edited data under a different file name as a new eActivity, without changing the originally opened eActivity.

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u To save an edited eActivity under a different name (1) On the eActivity window, tap {, or tap [File] and then [Save].

This displays the Files dialog box.

(2) If you want, tap the name of the folder where you want the new eActivity file to be saved.

(3) Tap the file name input box, and input the new file name you want to use.

(4) When everything is the way you want, tap [Save].

This saves the eActivity as a new file under the file name you specified.

10-4-4 Working with eActivity Files

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10-5 Transferring eActivity Files Note the following precautions when using the ClassPads data communication function to transfer eActivity files with another ClassPad unit or a computer.

Transferring eActivity Files between Two ClassPad Units

kTransferring eActivity Files to Another ClassPad Unit To transfer an eActivity file to another ClassPad unit, the receiving unit must support all of the following types of application data strips.*

10-5-1 Transferring eActivity Files

Application Data Strips

Main ............................ ~ Geometry .....................3 Graph .......................... $ Graph Editor .................! 3D Graph ......................% 3D Graph Editor ...........@ Conics Graph ...............^ Conics Editor ............... *

Stat Graph ................... y List Editor .....................( NumSolve .....................1 Sequence Editor ...........& Notes ............................_ Spreadsheet .................Q Verify ............................W

*For details about application data strips, see 10-1 eActivity Application Overview.

Important! If you transfer an eActivity file to a ClassPad unit that does not support all of the application

data strips listed above, the receiving ClassPad unit will not be able to open the file. Do not transfer eActivity files to a ClassPad unit that does not support all of the application

data strips listed above. The functions of this ClassPad unit are different from the functions of a ClassPad unit that

does not support all of the application data strips listed above. Because of this their eActivity files are incompatible with each other. Do not transfer eActivity files between two ClassPad units that are equipped with different application data strips.

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kTransferring eActivity Files from Another ClassPad Unit To transfer an eActivity file from another ClassPad unit, your ClassPad unit must support all of the application data strips that are supported by the sending unit.

Important! If you transfer an eActivity file from a ClassPad unit that supports application data strips

that are not supported by this ClassPad unit, your will not be able to open the file. Do not transfer eActivity files from another ClassPad unit if your ClassPad unit does not

support all of the application data strips of the sending unit. The functions of this ClassPad unit are different from the functions of a ClassPad unit that

supports application data strips not supported by this unit. Because of this their eActivity files are incompatible with each other. Do not transfer eActivity files between two ClassPad units that are equipped with different application data strips.

Transferring eActivity Files between a ClassPad Unit and a Computer

You can use ClassPad Manager to transfer eActivity files between your ClassPad and computer. Before doing so, however, you should check the version numbers of the ClassPad Manager application running on your computer and the operating system running on your ClassPad to make sure they are compatible with each other. For details, see the ClassPad Manager Users Guide.

10-5-2 Transferring eActivity Files

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Using the Presentation Application The Presentation application lets you capture screenshots of other application windows. Screenshots can be used in the classroom or for other presentations simply by connecting the ClassPad to an OHP projector.

11-1 Presentation Application Overview

11-2 Building a Presentation 11-3 Managing Presentation Files

11-4 Playing a Presentation

11-5 Editing Presentation Pages

11-6 Configuring Presentation Preferences 11-7 Presentation File Transfer Precautions

Chapter

11

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11-1-1 Presentation Application Overview

11-1 Presentation Application Overview The Presentation application lets you capture screenshots produced by the ClassPad, and arrange them into a presentation that you can play back. With this application you can build and play a presentation, and edit the contents of a presentation. A presentation, for example, can show how to obtain intermediate and final results of calculation operations.

Sample Presentation

. . .

Specifically, the Presentation application can be used as follows.

A teacher can use Presentation to create materials that explain mathematical concepts, and distribute them to students.

A student can use Presentation as a tool to present reports, assignments, and projects. Students and teachers can use Presentation to store ClassPad screenshots for later

reference.

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Presentation Application Window

Tapping P on the application menu starts the Presentation application and displays its initial screen.

Files are numbered P1 through P20. These numbers are fixed and cannot be changed. When creating a new presentation file, you can input the file name you want.

The soft keyboard is automatically displayed when you open the Presentation application.

11-1-2 Presentation Application Overview

File number

File name

Number of pages

File list

Soft keyboard

Initial Screen

Starting Up the Presentation Application

Use the following procedure to start up the Presentation application.

uClassPad Operation On the application menu, tap P.

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Presentation Application Menus and Buttons

This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and buttons of the Presentation applications initial screen.

k Initial Screen Menu Commands and Buttons

To do this: Tap this Or select this button: menu item:

Delete the selected presentation file (page 11-3-1) Edit - Delete

Delete all presentation files (page 11-3-1) Edit - Delete All

Enter the Editing mode and display the editing tool palette 0 Tools(page 11-5-1)

Start auto play (page 11-4-1) 6 Play - AutoPlay

Start manual play (page 11-4-2) 7 Play - ManualPlay

Insert a white screen at the end of the selected presentation a - White Screenfile (page 11-2-3)

Append PICT data to the end of the selected presentation a - Addfile (page 11-2-3)

11-1-3 Presentation Application Overview

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Screen Capture Precautions

Note the following precautions when capturing screens for a presentation.

The operation that is performed when you tap h depends on the current [Hard Copy] setting as described below.

When the [Hard Copy] setting is this: Tapping h does this:

To outer device Sends the screenshot to an external device.

Presentation Adds the screenshot to a presentation file.

To change the [Hard Copy] setting, tap O, [Settings], [Setup] and then [Presentation] or [Communication]. For more information, see Presentation Dialog Box on page 14-3-7.

Tapping h will capture either the full screen or half the screen, depending on how you have Presentation preferences configured. For more information, see 11-6 Configuring Presentation Preferences.

Screen capture is disabled when any of the following conditions exists. While a calculation, graph draw, or similar operation is in progress While a data communication operation is in progress While the stylus (or your finger or other object) is in contact with the screen

In addition to the conditions detailed above, screen capture may be disabled by other operations that have a higher priority than screen capture.

The status bar is not included in screen captures when [Hard Copy] setting is Presentation.

11-1-4 Presentation Application Overview

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11-2 Building a Presentation Presentations are created by capturing screenshots that are produced by the applications of the ClassPad. Before actually beginning to capture the screenshots, it is important to carefully think about and plan the type of information you want to include in your presentation so that your screenshots display the information that you want. This is not to say, however, that you must create a perfect presentation the first time around. You can always change the sequence of pages or edit a pages at any time.

u To create a new presentation (1) On the application menu, tap P to start the Presentation application.

(2) Tap O, [Settings], [Setup], and then [Presentation].

(3) On the Presentation dialog box that appears, select Presentation for the [Hard Copy] setting. Tap [Set] to accept the change.

For details about Setup, see 14-2 Using the Setup Menu.

(4) On the file list, tap the line (P1 through P20) where you want to store the new presentation file.

This causes a cursor to appear on the line you tap.

(5) Enter up to eight bytes for the presentation file name, and then tap w.

Check to make sure that the file name you just input is selected (button is on).

11-2-1 Building a Presentation

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11-2-2 Building a Presentation

(6) Tap m to display the application menu, and then start the application whose screens you want to capture.

(7) Perform the required operations in the application to display the screen you want to capture.

(8) With the screen you want to capture on the display, tap h.

The currently displayed screen is captured as soon as you tap h. Its image isadded to the pages of the presentation file you selected in step (5).

If the capture is successful, appears in the status bar for about one second.

(9) Repeat steps (7) and (8) to capture other screens as required.

Note that you can change to other applications as required.

(10) After capturing all of the images you want, tap m to display the application menu, and then tap P to return to the Presentation application.

Even after you return to the Presentation application, you can restart screen capture to add more pages. To do so, simply return to step (6) of this procedure.

(11) To check the current contents of the presentation, tap 6.

This starts auto play, which scrolls through the pages of the new presentation automatically. For more information, see Using Auto Play on page 11-4-1.

Adding a Blank Page to a Presentation

Perform the procedure on page 11-2-3 when you want to add a blank page to the end of a presentation. After adding a blank page, you can put text on it or move it to another location inside the presentation. You can use blank pages to indicate the end of a presentation, to separate a presentation into sections, or to insert commentary text.

This value shows how many pages (images) you have captured and added to the presentation.

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u To insert a blank page into a presentation (1) On the Presentation application initial screen, tap the button next to the presentation

file into which you want to insert the blank page, so it is selected.

(2) Tap a and then [White Screen].

This inserts a blank page as the final page of the presentation file you selected in step (1), and increases the number of pages for the presentation by one.

Tip For information about inserting text and moving the blank page, see 11-5 Editing Presentation

Pages.

11-2-3 Building a Presentation

Button This file is selected

u To append PICT data to the end of a presentation (1) On the Presentation application initial screen, tap the button next to the presentation

file where you want to append the PICT data so it is selected.

(2) Tap a and then [Add].

This displays the Select Data dialog box.

(3) On the Select Data dialog box, select the folder where the PICT data you want to insert is stored, and specify the name of the date.

(4) Tap [OK].

This closes the Select Data dialog box and appends the PICT data to the end of the presentation.

Tip If the size of the PICT data is different from the ClassPad display size, the upper left corner of the

PICT data is aligned with the upper left corner of the ClassPad display, and any data that does not fit is cut off.

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11-3 Managing Presentation Files After you create a presentation file, you can rename it or delete it.

u To rename a presentation file (1) On the Presentation application initial screen, tap the name of the file you want to

rename so it is selected.

(2) Press e.

This causes a cursor to appear to the right of the last character of the file name.

(3) Change the file name.

A file name can be up to eight bytes long.

(4) After the file name is the way you want, tap w.

u To delete a single presentation file (1) On the Presentation application initial screen, tap the button next to the name of the file

you want to delete so it is selected.

(2) Tap [Edit] and then [Delete].

(3) In response to the confirmation message that appears, tap [OK].

This deletes the file you selected in step (1).

11-3-1 Managing Presentation Files

Variable Manager Folder ListPresentation File List

A presentation file is actually a user folder, so presentation files appear as folders on the Variable Manager folder list.

For details about using the Variable Manager, see 1-8 Using the Variable Manager.

u To delete all presentation files (1) Display the Presentation application initial screen.

(2) Tap [Edit] and then [Delete All].

(3) In response to the confirmation message that appears, tap [OK].

This deletes all of the presentation files.

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11-3-2 Managing Presentation Files

Important!

PICT format image data files (PICT data type variables) captured with the h icon are stored in folder that is created when you create a Presentation file.

The Presystm folder (whose contents you can view with the Variable Manager) contains files for managing presentations. Normally, you should never edit or delete the Presystm folder or any of its contents. Doing so makes it impossible to play back any presentation files currently in ClassPad memory. If you do delete the Presystm folder and need to restore it, perform the following steps.

1. Create a new presentation file with a new name.

2. Use the add function to add the presentation data you can no longer play back because of the deleted Presystm folder to the new presentation file.

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11-4 Playing a Presentation This section explains the various methods you can use to play a presentation.

Using Auto Play

With auto play, the pages of the presentation are scrolled automatically at a fixed interval.

u ClassPad Operation (1) On the Presentation application initial screen,

tap the button next to the presentation file you want to play, so it is selected.

(2) Tap 6, or tap [Play] and then [AutoPlay].

This starts auto play, which displays the pages of the presentation in sequence.

Current page number Total number of pages

11-4-1 Playing a Presentation

This file is selected

(3) When playback reaches the final page it stops, and then the Presentation application initial screen appears.

To stop an auto play operation part way through, press the c key.

Button

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Using Manual Play

With manual play, you control when page change operations are performed during presenta- tion play. Manual play lets you scroll forward or back through presentation pages, and you can display a pointer on a page.

u ClassPad Operation (1) On the Presentation application initial screen, tap the button next to the presentation

file you want to play, so it is selected.

(2) Tap 7, or tap [Play] and then [ManualPlay].

This starts manual play, which displays the first page of the presentation.

(3) You can perform the following operations while a manual play operation is in progress.

11-4-2 Playing a Presentation

When you want to do this: Do this:

Advance to the next page Tap the page scroll button or press the c cursor key

Return to the previous page Tap the page scroll button or press the f cursor key

Display a round pointer Tap anywhere on the screen

Page scroll buttons

Tip You can configure Presentation preferences to specify the page change speed and to turn page

number display in the status bar on or off. For more information, see 11-6 Configuring Presenta- tion Preferences.

You can also configure auto play so it repeats when the final page of a presentation is reached. For more information, see Using Repeat Play on page 11-4-3.

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(4) Tapping while the final page of the presentation is displayed causes the message End of Files to appear in the status bar.

Tapping while the message End of Files is in the status bar exits the manual play operation and displays the Presentation initial screen. Tapping while End of Files is in the status bar returns you to the final page of the presentation and continues the manual play operation.

Tip You can turn display of the page number in the status bar on and off. For more information, see

11-6 Configuring Presentation Preferences.

Using Repeat Play

Repeat play causes auto play to restarts the presentation from the beginning each time the final page of a presentation is reached. Use the Presentation dialog box (page 11-6-1) to turn repeat play on or off. The initial default setting is repeat play off. The following describes how repeat play works for auto play.

k Repeat Auto Play When the final page of the presentation is reached, the presentation is restarted from the

first page. The presentation continues playing until you press the c key to stop it.

11-4-3 Playing a Presentation

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11-5 Editing Presentation Pages This section explains how to use the Editing mode of the Presentation application to modify the pages of an existing presentation.

About the Editing Tool Palette

An editing tool palette appears on the display whenever you enter the Editing mode. The following describes how to use the editing tool palette.

Entering the Editing Mode

Perform the following steps to enter the Editing mode when you want to edit the pages of an existing presentation.

u ClassPad Operation (1) On the Presentation application initial screen, tap the button next to the presentation

file you want to edit, so it is selected.

(2) Tap 0, or tap [Tools].

This enters the Editing mode and displays the editing tool palette and page scroll buttons. Page 1 of the presentation file you selected in step (1) appears first.

11-5-1 Editing Presentation Pages

To do this: Tap this tool button:

Move the currently displayed page one page back 8

Move the currently displayed page one page forward 9

Delete the currently displayed page e

Copy the currently displayed page t

Paste a copied page into the location before the currently displayed page y

Delete the lower half of the screen -

Insert text into a page u

Draw a straight line on a page i

Draw an arrow on a page o

Use the eraser }

Save a page after editing it {

Exit the Editing mode and return to the Presentation application initial screen =

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(3) Use the editing tool palette buttons to edit the pages.

For details about editing operations, see Editing Operations on page 11-5-3.

You can drag the editing tool palette and page scroll buttons to any location on the display. Simply use the stylus to drag the handle of the palette or buttons.

u To exit the Editing mode On the editing tool palette, tap = or press c to exit the Editing mode and return to the Presentation application initial screen.

Handle

11-5-2 Editing Presentation Pages

Editing tool palette

Page scroll buttons

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Editing Operations

This section provides details about the page editing operations you can perform with the Presentation applications editing tool palette.

u To move a page (1) Enter the Editing mode of the Presentation application (page 11-5-1).

(2) Use the page scroll buttons to display the page you want to move.

(3) Tap 8 to move the currently displayed page back one page, or tap 9 to move it forward one page.

The illustrations below show the effect of tapping 8 or 9 while page C of a five- page presentation file is selected.

u To delete a page (1) Enter the Editing mode of the Presentation application (page 11-5-1).

(2) Use the page scroll buttons to display the page you want to delete.

(3) Tap e.

(4) In response to the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to delete the page or [Cancel] to cancel.

This deletes the currently displayed page and then displays the following page. Deleting the final page of a presentation displays the page preceding the deleted page.

11-5-3 Editing Presentation Pages

A B C D E

A C B D E

C A B D E

A B C D E

A B D C E

A B D E C

8

8

9

9

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u To copy and paste a page (1) Enter the Editing mode of the Presentation application (page 11-5-1).

(2) Use the page scroll buttons to display the page you want to copy, and then tap t.

This copies the currently displayed page to the clipboard.

(3) Use the page scroll buttons to display the page that you want to follow the copied page.

The illustrations below show the effect of copying page E of a five-page presentation file and pasting it between pages B and C.

(4) Tap y.

This pastes the page at the location in front of the currently displayed page.

u To insert text into a page (1) Enter the Editing mode of the Presentation application (page 11-5-1).

(2) Use the page scroll buttons to display the page into which you want to insert text, and then tap u.

This displays a text input dialog box along with a soft keyboard.

(3) Enter the text and then tap [OK].

In this example we input the text full-screen.

(4) Place the stylus on the screen and hold it there.

This causes the text you input in step (3) to appear at the location where you are pointing with the stylus.

(5) Drag the text to the location you want, and then lift the stylus from the screen.

11-5-4 Editing Presentation Pages

A B C D E

A B E C D E

Inserted text

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(6) To save the result of the text insert operation, tap { and then tap [OK] on the confirmation dialog box that appears.

u To clear the bottom half of the screen (1) Enter the Editing mode of the Presentation application (page 11-5-1).

(2) Use the page scroll buttons to display the page whose bottom half you want to clear.

(3) Tap -.

This clears the bottom half of the displayed page.

11-5-5 Editing Presentation Pages

(4) To save the result of the operation, tap { and then tap [OK] on the confirmation dialog box that appears.

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u To draw a straight line or an arrow on a page (1) Enter the Editing mode of the Presentation application (page 11-5-1).

(2) Use the page scroll buttons to display the page on which you want to draw a straight line or arrow.

(3) Tap i if you want to draw a line or o if you want to draw an arrow.

(4) Tap the point where you want one end of the line segment or arrow to be, and then tap the point where you want the other end to be.

A line segment or arrow appears between the points you tapped.

If you are drawing an arrow, the arrow head appears on the end you specify last.

(5) To save the result of the draw operation, tap { and then tap [OK] on the confirmation dialog box that appears.

11-5-6 Editing Presentation Pages

Example of an arrow

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Using the Eraser

The eraser allows you to erase parts of an image, text, arrows, or lines you have added to a page.

u To erase part of a page with the eraser (1) Enter the Editing mode of the Presentation application (page 11-5-1).

(2) Use the page scroll arrows to display the page that contains the figures you want to erase.

(3) Tap }.

Important! Whenever the } tool button is selected, dragging the stylus across the screen erases

a 3 3-pixel area (centered on the stylus).

(4) Drag the eraser across the screen to erase the figures you want.

(5) To save the result of the erase operation, tap {, and then tap [OK] on the confirma- tion dialog box that appears.

11-5-7 Editing Presentation Pages

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11-6 Configuring Presentation Preferences You can use the procedure below to configure various Presentation application preferences.

u ClassPad Operation (1) On the [Settings] menu, tap [Setup] and then [Presentation].

This displays the Presentation dialog box.

(2) Use the Presentation dialog box to configure the preferences you want.

Items marked with an asterisk (*) are initial defaults. The initial default [Play Speed] setting is 4.

(3) To close the dialog box and apply its settings, tap [Set]. To close the dialog box without applying its settings, tap [Cancel] or the button in the upper right corner of the dialog box.

To do this: Do this:

Send hard copy data generated by tapping Select [To outer device].*

h to an external device

Save hard copy data internally as Select [Presentation]. Presentation data

Specify the page change speed for Auto Specify a [Play Speed] value from 1 Play (fastest) to 10 (slowest).

Capture the upper half of the screen when Select the [Half Screen Capturing] check h is tapped box.

Capture the entire screen when h Clear the [Half Screen Capturing] check is tapped box.*

Turn on repeat playback of files during Select the [Repeat] check box. Auto Play

Turn off repeat playback of files during Clear the [Repeat] check box.* Auto Play

Turn on page number display during Select the [Page Number] check box.* playback and editing

Turn off page number display during Clear the [Page Number] check box. playback and editing

11-6-1 Configuring Presentation Preferences

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Tip The following examples show the area of the screen that is captured when you tap h while the

[Half Screen Capturing] check box is selected. The captured areas are indicated by the thick boundaries in each example.

Sample Screenshot

Sample Screenshot

Captured Image Data

Captured Image Data

11-6-2 Configuring Presentation Preferences

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11-7 Presentation File Transfer Precautions Note the following important precautions when transferring a presentation file to another ClassPad unit or to a computer.

A presentation file is actually a kind of user folder (called a presentation folder) that contains the images that make up the presentation. Every time you create a presentation the Presentation application also generates files for managing it, and stores the files in a folder named Presystm.

Whenever you transfer a presentation to another ClassPad unit or a computer, be sure to include both its presentation folder and the Presystm folder. The presentation will not be able to play correctly on the destination device if you do not transfer the proper folders correctly.

Caution Transferring a Presystm folder from one ClassPad unit to another causes the Presystm

folder on the receiving unit to be replaced by the received Presystm folder. This effectively deletes all of the presentation files currently in the memory of the receiving unit. If you do not want to lose your Presentation data, be sure to back the contents of your ClassPad memory before receiving a presentation folder or Presystm folder from another source.

11-7-1 Presentation File Transfer Precautions

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Chapter

12

Using the Program Application The Program application comes in handy when you need to perform the same calculation a number of times. You can create programs that automate graphing and other operations.

12-1 Program Application Overview

12-2 Creating a New Program

12-3 Debugging a Program

12-4 Managing Files 12-5 User-defined Functions

12-6 Program Command Reference

12-7 Including ClassPad Functions in Programs

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12-1 Program Application Overview The Program application consists of a Program Editor for inputting and editing programs, and a Program Loader for loading and executing existing programs.

Starting Up the Program Application

Use the following procedure to start up the Program application.

u ClassPad Operation On the application menu, tap p.

This starts the Program application and displays the Program Loader window.

Program Loader Window

Use the Program Loader window to recall and run existing programs.

u To display the Program Loader window On the application menu, tap p to start up the Program application. The Program Loader window appears when you start up the Program application.

12-1-1 Program Application Overview

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12-1-2 Program Application Overview

To do this: Tap this button:

Or select this menu item:

Display the [Settings] menu O - Settings

Display the soft keyboard O - Keyboard

Display the Program Loader window O - Program Loader

PDisplay the Program Editor window O - Program Editor

_Display the Program Output window O - Program Output

Display the Text File Contents window O - Text File Contents

~Display the Main application work area window O - Main

Close the currently active window O - Close

PDisplay the Program Editor window Edit - Open Editor

OCreate a new file Edit - New File

~Open an existing file Edit - Open File

Clear the screen Edit - Clear All

pRun a program Run - Run Program

5Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1) O - Settings - Variable Manager

kProgram Loader Window Menus and Buttons

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File type N: Program file T: Text file F: User-defined

function file

File name Parameter variables This box can be used to specify variable names used in user-defined functions or programs. For details, see Configuring Parameter Variables and Inputting Their Values on page 12-2-7.

Program Editor Window

You can use the Program Editor window to input a new program or to edit an existing program. You can also use the Program Editor window to input and edit user-defined functions.

u To display the Program Editor window (1) On the application menu, tap p to start up the Program application.

(2) On the window that appears, tap P, or tap O and then [Program Editor].

12-1-3 Program Application Overview

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kProgram Editor Window Menus and Buttons The following describes the menu and button operations you can perform on the Program Editor window.

12-1-4 Program Application Overview

To do this: Tap this button: Or select this menu item: Display the [Settings] menu Display the soft keyboard

Display the Program Loader window

Display the Program Editor window

Display the Main application work area window

Close the currently active window

Create a new file

Open an existing file

Save a file

Save a file under a new name

Close a file

Paste the clipboard contents

Convert a file to a program file

Convert a file to a text file

Convert a file to a edit prohibited program file

Put a selection onto the clipboard and delete the original

Put a selection onto the clipboard without affecting the original

Display the Program Output window

)

_

O

r

t

y

~

{

Select everything on the screen

Search for a newly specified text string

Search again for a previously specified text string

Jump to the beginning of a program Jump to the end of a program

Clear the contents of the Program Editor window

e

r

Edit - Select All

Edit - Paste

Edit - Copy

Edit - Cut

Edit - Compress

Edit - Mode Change - 'Text

Edit - Mode Change - 'Normal Edit - Close File Edit - Save As

Edit - Save File

Edit - Open File

Edit - New File

- Close

- Main

- Program Output

Display the Text File Contents window - Text File Contents

- Program Editor

- Program Loader

- Keyboard - Settings

Edit - Search - Search Next

Edit - Search - Jump to Top

Edit - Search - Jump to Bottom

Edit - Clear All

Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1) 5

Edit - Search - New Search

- Settings - Variable Manager

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To do this: Select this menu item:

Input a command from the [Ctrl] menu For details about each

command, see 12-6 Program Command Reference.

Input a command from the [I/O] menu For details about each

command, see 12-6 Program Command Reference.

Lbl, Goto

For, To, Step, Next Do, LpWhile

While, WhileEnd

, , Define

Switch, Case, Default, SwitchEnd

Skip, Return, Break, Stop, Wait, Pause

=, , <, >, s, t, and, or, xor, not

If, Then, ElseIf, Else, IfEnd

Input, InputStr, InputFunc, GetKey, GetPen

Print, Locate, Message, PrintNatural

DispText, DispFTable, DispSmryTbl, DispSeqTbl, DispDfrTbl, DispQutTbl, DispDQTbl, DispFibTbl, DispListEditor, DispStat

DrawGraph, DrawFTGCon, DrawFTGPlot, DrawSeqCon, DrawSeqPlt, DrawSeqEtrCon, DrawSeqEtrPlt, DrawConics, Draw3D, DrawStat

Plot, PlotChg, PlotOff, PlotOn, plotTest, PxlChg, PxlOff, PxlOn, pxlTest, Distance, Line, Circle, Horizontal, Vertical, TangentLine, NormalLine, Inverse, Text

OpenComPort38k, CloseComPort38k, Send38k, Receive38k, SendVar38k, GetVar38k

Cls, ClrText, ClrGraph

Select this sub-menu item: Ctrl - :

Ctrl - Jump

Ctrl - For Ctrl - Do

Ctrl - While

Ctrl - Switch

Ctrl - Control

Ctrl - Logic

Ctrl - Misc

Ctrl - If

Ctrl -

I/O - Input

I/O - Output

I/O - Display

I/O - Draw

I/O - Sketch

I/O - Clear

I/O - Communication

12-1-5 Program Application Overview

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To do this: Select this menu item:

Input a command from the [Misc] menu For details about each

command, see 12-6 Program Command Reference.

StatGraph, StatGraphSel, Scatter, xyLine, NPPlot, Histogram, MedBox, ModBox, NDist, Broken, LinearR, MedMed, QuadR, CubicR, QuartR, LogR, ExpR, abExpR, PowerR, SinR, LogisticR

Square, Cross, Ldot, Dot, DefaultListEditor

GraphType, GTSelOn, GTSelOff, SmryTSelOn, ViewWindow, LogP, CallUndef, ZFactor, ZAuto, PTCross, PTDot, PTNormal, PTSquare, PTBrokenThck, PTThick, SheetActive, SheetName, ClearSheet

StoGMem, StoPict, StoVWin, RclGMem, RclPict, RclVWin

SeqSelOn, SeqSelOff, SeqType

SelOn3D, SheetName3D, SheetActive3D, ViewWindow3D, ClearSheet3D

NewFolder, DelFolder, LockFolder, UnlockFolder, GetFolder, SetFolder, MoveVar, CopyVar, Rename, DelVar, Clear_a_z, Lock, Unlock, GetType, Local

ChrToNum, ExpToStr, NumToChr, NumToStr, StrJoin, StrCmp, StrInv, StrLeft, StrLen, StrLwr, StrMid, StrRight, StrRotate, StrShift, StrSrc, strToExp, StrUpr, #

Select this sub-menu item:

Misc - Statistics(1)

Misc - Statistics(2)

Misc - Graph&Table(1)

Misc - Graph&Table(2)

Misc - Sequence

Misc - 3D Graph

Misc - Variable

Misc - String

12-1-6 Program Application Overview

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To do this: Select this menu item:

Input a command from the [Misc] menu For details about each

command, see 12-6 Program Command Reference.

On, Off, DefaultSetup, SetStandard, SetDecimal, SetReal, SetComplex, SetDegree, SetRadian, SetNormal, SetFix, SetSci

SetStatWinAuto, SetCellWidth, SetSequence, StepDisp, Setdisp, SetAxes3D, Box, SetCoordOff3D, SetCoordPol3D, SetCoordRect3D, SetLabel3D

SetDrawCon, SetDrawPlt, SetSimulGraph, SetDispGCon, SetAxes, SetBG, SetCoord, SetDeriv, SetFunc, SetGrid, SetLabel, SetLeadCursor, SetTVariable, TableInput, SetSmryTable, VWin, SetSmryTableQD

Select this sub-menu item:

Misc - Setup(1)

Misc - Setup(2)

Misc - Setup(3)

12-1-7 Program Application Overview

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12-2 Creating a New Program This section explains the steps you need to perform in order to create a new program.

General Programming Steps

The following are the general steps for creating and running a program.

1. Open a new file. Tap O, or select the [Edit] menu and then [New File].

2. Input a name and tap [OK]. 3. Input the expressions and commands that make up the program. 4. Input display commands as required into the program.

If you do not include display commands in your program, calculation results will not appear on the display.

5. Save the program. 6. Display the Program Loader window by tapping ). 7. Run the program by tapping p, or by selecting the [Run] menu and then [Run Program].

Creating and Saving a Program

Example: To create a program named OCTA that calculates the surface areas (cm2) and volumes (cm3) of three regular octahedrons, the lengths of whose sides are 7, 10, and 15 cm

The following formulas calculate the surface area S and volume V of a regular octahedron for which the length of side A is known.

12-2-1 Creating a New Program

A 2

S = 2 3 A2, V = A3

3

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uClassPad Operation (1) Tap m to display the application menu, and then p.

(2) Tap O, or tap [Edit] and then [New File].

(3) Configure the settings for the new file as described below.

Leave the [Type] setting as Program(Normal).

Tap the [Folder] down arrow button and then select the name of the folder where you want to save the program file.

In the [Name] box, use the soft keyboard to input up to eight bytes for the program file name.

(4) Tap [OK].

(5) Input the necessary expressions and commands.

Each mathematical expression and command must be followed either by a carriage return or colon (:).

uTo input the SetDecimal command On the menu bar, tap [Misc], [Setup(1)] and then [SetDecimal].

uTo input the Input and Print commands On the menu bar, tap [I/O] and then select the command you want to input. [I/O] [Input] [Input] [I/O] [Output] [Print]

uTo input the variable name A On the soft keyboard 0 tab, tap E and then A.

uTo input a carriage return Tap w or press E. Inputting a carriage return causes the cursor to move to the beginning of the next line. No carriage return symbol appears on the display.

uTo input values and symbols On the soft keyboard 9 tab, tap the value or symbol you want.

12-2-2 Creating a New Program

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12-2-3 Creating a New Program

(6) After the program is the way you want, tap {, or tap [Edit] and then [Save File] to save it.

To run this program see Running a Program on page 12-2-5.

If a message appears when you try to save the program, make the necessary corrections and try again. For details about making corrections to a program, see 12-3 Debugging a Program.

Tip The file name you input in step (3) of the above procedure is subject to the same rules as folder

names. For more information, see Folder Name Rules on page 1-7-5.

Tapping [Cancel] in step (3) of the above procedure returns you to the Program Editor window.

To input a program and save it without running it, perform the above procedure up to step (6), and then tap [Edit] and then [Close File].

When you close a program containing changes since you last saved the file, a dialog box appears asking if you would like to save your changes.

If the WARNING! Save changes? dialog box appears, perform one of the operations described below.

Tapping [Yes] or [No] causes the message No File to appear on the display.

You can use a calculation result obtained within a program in another calculation by using the S command to assign the result to a variable. Then simply include the variable name in subsequent calculations. Note that calculation results produced within programs are not stored in ans memory.

Save and close the program Yes

Close the program without saving No

Return to the Program Editor window without saving the program Cancel

Tap this button:To do this:

3 2

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kSpecifying the File Type

Tapping O or tapping [Edit] and then [New File] on the Program Editor window displays the dialog box shown above. Tap the [Type] down arrow button and then select one of the options described below from the list of options that appears.

Tip For information about text files, see Using Text Files below.

For information about user-defined functions, see page 12-5-1.

Program files can be converted to text files, and vice versa. For more information, see 12-4 Managing Files.

kUsing Text Files Running a text file from the Program Loader window displays the contents of the file. Inserting a text file name inside a program causes the contents of the text file to be

displayed when execution reaches the name.

Example:

Program file Program(Normal) Text file Program(Text) User-defined function file Function

Select this option:To specify this type of file:

12-2-4 Creating a New Program

File Name: CAUTION Program that displays contents of CAUTION file

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12-2-5 Creating a New Program

Running a Program

The following procedure shows how to run the sample program we input under Creating and Saving a Program on page 12-2-1.

uClassPad Operation (1) Display the Program Loader window.

From the Program Editor window, tap ), or tap O and then [Program Loader].

From another application, tap m and then p.

This causes the Program Loader window to appear.

(2) Tap the [Folder] down arrow button, and then select the name of the folder you want.

(3) Tap the [Name] down arrow button, and then tap the name of the file you input in step (3) of the example on page 12-2-2.

(4) Tap p, or tap [Run] and then [Run Program] to run the program.

(5) Input a side length of 7 and tap [OK] twice.

7 [OK] [OK]

(6) Tap the Program Loader window and repeat steps (4) and (5) for sides of length 10 and 15.

p10 [OK] [OK]

p15 [OK] [OK]

Tip In step (4) of the above procedure, you can specify parameters before running the program.

For more information, see Configuring Parameter Variables and Inputting Their Values on page 12-2-7.

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12-2-6 Creating a New Program

Pausing Program Execution

You can specify where execution of a program should pause by including either a Pause command or a Wait command inside the program.

kUsing the Pause Command A Pause command causes program execution to pause when it reaches that point. To resume program execution, tap the button on the right side of the status bar (which will also cause the button to disappear).

Example

kUsing the Wait Command The syntax of the Wait command is: Wait . When program execution reaches the Wait command, it pauses for the specified number of seconds and then resumes automatically. If you do not specify a value for the number of seconds, execution remains paused until you tap the screen or press a key.

Tip To input the Pause or Wait command, tap [Ctrl] on the menu bar, tap [Control], and then select

the command you want.

Terminating Program Execution

Pressing c while a program is running terminates the program.

Tip Pressing c does not terminate the program if program execution is already paused by the

Pause command (indicated by on the status bar). In this case, tap to resume program execution, and then press c.

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12-2-7 Creating a New Program

Configuring Parameter Variables and Inputting Their Values

If you input the names of variables used in a program into the parameter variable box when inputting or editing a program on the Program Editor window, you will be able to input values for the variables on the Program Loader window when you run the program.

Example

Tip When running a program that includes parameter variables, be sure to correctly specify the

values of the parameters. An error will occur if the number of values you input is not consistent with the number of parameter variables.

Program Loader window

Program Input

Indicates variables named A and B are used within the program.

When running the program, inputting values for A and B calculates the total of the two values.

Parameter value input box Inputting 1, 2 before running the program assigns A = 1 and B = 2.

Executing the program produces the result A + B = 1 + 2 = 3.

Parameter variable box

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Using Subroutines

Including the name of another program file inside of a program causes execution to jump to the specified program file. The program that execution jumps from is called the main program, while the program to which execution jumps is called a subroutine. When program execution returns to the main program, it resumes from the point immediately after the command that jumped to the subroutine.

Tip Note that any program can be a subroutine. The thing that makes any program a subroutine is

being jumped to from another program.

Main Program Subroutines

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4

Subroutines can be used in a variety of ways to help make calculations easier. Lets say you have a formula that needs to be calculated more than once in a program, or that needs to be calculated by a number of different programs. Simply store the formula as a separate program file (subroutine), and then you can jump to the program file that contains the formula whenever you need it.

12-2-8 Creating a New Program

D

C E I J

E ( ) I ( ) J ( )

A

D ( )

C ( )

kLocal Variables A local variable is a variable that can be created temporarily and used in a program. Use the Local command to create a local variable.

Syntax: Local ( indicates a space.)

Example: Local abc The above creates a local variable named abc.

Tip Local variables are deleted automatically after execution of a program is complete.

Note that local variables are stored in their own special folder, so local variable names do not affect the names of other variables in ClassPad memory. Because of this, you do not need to worry if you assign a local variable a name that is already being used by another type of variable.

Variables that are specified as parameter variables within a program are automatically treated as local variables. Variables created with the Define command are also automatically treated as local variables.

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Example 1: Jumping to a subroutine without assigning values to the subroutines parameter variables

Main Program Input A Input B Sub1( ) Jumps to subroutine program Sub1 Print C

Subroutine (Program Name: Sub1) A+B S C Return

Example 2: Jumping to a subroutine while assigning values to the subroutines parameter variables

In this example, the main program assigns values to parameter variable E in a subroutine named Sub1, and to parameter variables F and G in a subroutine named Sub2.

Main Program Input A Input B Sub1(A) Assigns the value of main program variable A to the parameter variable (E) in

subroutine Sub1, and then jumps to subroutine Sub1. Print C Sub2(A,B) Assigns the values of main program variables A and B to the parameter

variables (F and G) in subroutine Sub2, and then jumps to subroutine Sub2. Print D

Subroutine Program 1 (Program Name Sub1) E 2 S C Requires input of variable name E into the parameter variable box. Return

Subroutine Program 2 (Program Name Sub2) F + G S D Requires input of variable names F and G into the parameter variable box. Return

Tip The subroutine does not need to be located in the current folder. To specify a subroutine named

Sub1 that is located in a folder named f1, for example, you would specify f1\Sub1( ).

12-2-9 Creating a New Program

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12-3 Debugging a Program A programming error that causes a program to behave in a manner not intended by the writer of the program is called a bug. Finding and eliminating such errors is called debugging the program. Any of the following conditions can indicate that your program has a bug and requires debugging.

If an error message appears when you try to save the program If an error message appears when you try to run the program When a program produces some abnormal or unexpected result

Debugging After an Error Message Appears

When an error occurs, a dialog box appears to explain the cause of the error. Carefully read the text of the error message and then tap its [OK] button. This closes the dialog box and positions the cursor on at the location where the error occurred. Make the necessary corrections in accordance with the explanation provided by the error message.

Tip If the cause of the error cannot be specified for some reason, tapping [OK] on the error message

dialog box displays the Program Loader window, without positioning the cursor at the location of the error.

In the case of a program for which editing is prohibited (a program for which EXE is indicated as the variable data type), tapping [OK] on the error message dialog box displays the Program Loader window, without positioning the cursor at the location of the error.

Debugging a Program Following Unexpected Results

If execution of a program produces unexpected or abnormal results, carefully read through the program and correct errors as required. The following commands can come in handy when debugging a program to locate unexpected results.

12-3-1 Debugging a Program

Move the cursor to the beginning of the program Edit - Search - Jump to Top Move the cursor to the end of the program Edit - Search - Jump to Bottom

Execute this command:To do this:

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Modifying an Existing Program to Create a New One

You can use the procedure described below to recall an existing program, modify it, and then run the result as a new program. This helps reduce key input requirements. The following shows how to modify the OCTA program we created on page 12-2-1 to handle tetrahedrons.

Example: To create a program named TETRA that calculates the surface areas (cm2) and volumes (cm3) of three regular tetrahedrons, the lengths of whose sides are 7, 10, and 15 cm

The following formulas calculate the surface area S and volume V of a regular tetrahedron for which the length of one side A is known.

The following is the program required for this example. Length of One Side A ........ Input A

Surface Area S .................. Print approx( (3) A^2)

Volume V ........................... Print approx( (2) 12 A^3)

The following is the OCTA program (page 12-2-1). Length of One Side A ........ Input A

Surface Area S .................. Print approx(2 (3) A^2)

Volume V ........................... Print approx( (2) 3 A^3)

A comparison of the two programs indicates that the following modifications of the OCTA program will produce a program that performs the calculations required by this example.

Delete 2 (underlined with a wavy line above).

Change 3 to 12 (underlined with double lines above).

uClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap p.

(2) Tap ~, or tap [Edit] and then [Open File].

12-3-2 Debugging a Program

2 S = 3 A2, V = A3

12

A

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(3) Select the program you want to open and edit, as described below.

12-3-3 Debugging a Program

(4) Tap [OK].

Folder

Type Tap the down arrow button, and then select Program(Normal).

Tap the down arrow button, and then select the folder that contains the program you want to edit.

Name Tap the down arrow button, and then select the name of the program you want to open (OCTA).

Do this:For this setting:

(5) Edit expressions and commands as required.

a. Change 2 (3) A^2 to (3) A^2

b. Change (2)/3 A^3 to (2)/12 A^3

c. Delete Pause

uTo delete data Use the cursor key to move the cursor to the data you want to delete, and then press K. Or, highlight the data you want to delete and press K.

uTo input data Use the cursor key or stylus to move the cursor to the location where you want to insert data, and then use the soft keyboard or the keypad to make the changes you want.

(6) Save the new program.

uTo retain the original program and save the new program under a different name Tap [Edit] and then [Save As].

Use the soft keyboard to type the name you want to assign to the new program into the [Name] box.

Tap [OK].

uTo replace the original program with the new program Tap {, or tap [Edit] and then [Save File].

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(7) After saving the program, tap ), or tap O and then [Program Loader] to display the Program Loader window.

(8) On the dialog box that appears, tap the [Name] down arrow button, and then tap the name of the file you input in step (6) (TETRA).

(9) Tap p, or tap [Run] and then [Run Program].

This runs the program.

(10) Input 7 for the length of side A and tap [OK] twice.

7 [OK] [OK]

(11) Repeat steps (9) and (10) for sides of length 10 and 15.

p10 [OK] [OK]

p15 [OK] [OK]

12-3-4 Debugging a Program

Tip To edit a program and save it without running it, perform the above procedure up to step (7), and

then tap [Edit] and then [Close File]. If the WARNING! Save changes? dialog box appears, perform one of the operations described below.

Save and close the program Yes

Close the program without saving No

Return to the Program Editor window without saving the program Cancel

Tap this button:To do this:

Tapping [Yes] or [No] causes the message No File to appear on the display.

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Searching for Data Inside a Program

You can search for data inside a program by specifying a keyword.

Example: To search for the letter A within the OCTA program

uClassPad Operation (1) From the Program Editor window, select the program you want to search (OCTA in

this example).

(2) Tap [Edit], [Search], and then [New Search]. Or, tap to scroll the toolbar and tap e.

This displays a dialog box for inputting the search keyword.

(3) Enter the data you want to find and then tap [OK].

This causes the cursor to appear in front of the data you specified (A in this example).

(4) Tap [Edit], [Search], and then [Search Next]. Or, tap to scroll the toolbar and tap r.

This causes the cursor to appear in front of the next instance of the data you specified (A in this example).

(5) Repeat step (4) as many times as you want.

Tip The message Not Found appears if the keyword you specify does not exist in the program.

The keyword you specify for [New Search] remains in effect until you close the Program Editor window. Executing the [Search Next] command when there is no keyword specified by [New Search] causes the error message No word is specified to appear.

12-3-5 Debugging a Program

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12-4 Managing Files

Renaming a File

Use the following procedure when you want to change the name of a file.

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap 5 to display the Variable Manager.

This displays a list of folders.

You may need to tap the icon and scroll the toolbar to see the 5 icon.

(2) Tap the name of the folder that contains the file you want to rename.

This displays all of the files/variables in the folder.

(3) Tap the name of the file you want to rename.

(4) Tap [Edit] and then [Rename].

This displays a dialog box for inputting a file name.

(5) Enter the new file name and then tap [OK].

(6) Tap [Close] twice to close the Variable Manager.

Tip See 1-8 Using the Variable Manager.

Deleting a Program

The following procedure deletes a program file name, which also deletes the program.

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap 5 to display the Variable Manager.

This displays a list of folders.

(2) Tap the name of the folder that contains the file you want to delete.

This displays all of the files/variables in the folder.

(3) Select the check box next to the file you want to delete.

You can select one file or multiple files for deletion.

(4) Tap [Edit] and then [Delete].

(5) On the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to delete the selected file, or [Cancel] to cancel the operation without deleting anything.

(6) Tap [Close] twice to close the Variable Manager.

Tip Be sure to close a file before you try to rename or delete it. Trying to rename or delete an open

file will cause an error.

See 1-8 Using the Variable Manager.

12-4-1 Managing Files

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Changing the File Type

You can use the following procedures to change the file type.

u To change a program file to a text file While a program file is open, tap [Edit], [Mode Change], and then ['Text].

u To change a text file to a program file While a text file is open, tap [Edit], [Mode Change], and then ['Normal].

Tip Note that the above operations are not possible while a user-defined function is open.

u To change an editable file to an edit prohibited program file (1) Open the program file you want to make edit prohibited.

(2) Tap [Edit] and then [Compress].

This displays a dialog box for inputting the backup file name. The backup file is a copy of the original (editable) file, which you can keep on hand if you have trouble changing an edit prohibited program file back to an editable file.

(3) Enter the backup file name and then tap [OK].

This saves two copies of the file. One is an edit prohibited program file under the name of the original (editable) file. The other is an editable backup file, which is created under the name you specify in step (3), above.

Original File (editable): sample Specified File Name: sample2 Resulting Files: sample (non-editable)

sample2 (editable)

An edit prohibited program file cannot be opened from the Program Editor window.

Edit prohibited program files are displayed in the Variable Manager as EXE type files.

Tapping [Cancel] instead of [OK] in step (3) quits the procedure without changing the file type.

12-4-2 Managing Files

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12-5 User-defined Functions ClassPad lets you configure calculation operations as user-defined functions, which can then be used inside of numeric expressions just like its built-in functions. User-defined functions can also be called up in other applications.

The Program Editor window is used for creating user-defined functions. User-defined functions are stored in ClassPad memory as Function type variables.

Naming, storage, and folder rules are identical to those for user variables.

Creating a New User-defined Function

This procedure is identical to that for storing a program. Anything you enter on the Program Editor window is stored as a user variable.

Example

Function Name: f4 Expression: x (x + 1) (x 2)

uClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap p.

(2) Tap O, or tap [Edit] and then [New File].

(3) On the screen that appears, configure the settings described below.

12-5-1 User-defined Functions

(4) After everything is the way you want, tap [OK].

(5) Input the expression you want.

Do this:For this setting: Type

Folder

Name

Tap the down arrow button and then select Function.

Tap the [Folder] down arrow button and then select the name of the folder where you want to save the user-defined function.

Enter up to eight bytes for the user-defined function name.

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(6) After the function is the way you want, tap {, or tap [Edit] and then [Save File] to save it.

Tip A user-defined function can contain only a single mathematical expression.

An error Invalid in a Function or Current Expressionoccurs if a user-defined function contains multiple expressions.

A user-defined function cannot contain any command.

kCreating a User-defined Function Using the Define Command The procedure below describes how to create a user-defined function by executing the Define command from the Main application.

Syntax: Define [ \ ] ([ [, ...]]) = Items inside of brackets ([ ]) can be skipped.

indicates a space.

uClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap J.

(2) Press k, and then tap the ( (catalog) tab.

(3) On the catalog (cat) keyboard that appears, tap the [Form] down arrow button, and then select [Cmd].

(4) Scroll the list of commands until the Define command is visible, and then tap Define to select it.

(5) Tap [INPUT] to input the Define command.

(6) Input the function you want to define.

Example 1: Define folder1 \ f1(x) = 2x + 1 (where folder1 is an existing folder)

Example 2: Define f2(x, y) = 2x + 3y + 1

Example 3: Define sen(x) = sin (x)

(7) Tap w to store the function.

12-5-2 User-defined Functions

Input user-defined function arguments as parameter variables. For more information about parameter variables, see page Configuring Parameter Variables and Inputting Their Values on page 12-2-7.

Parameter variable

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Tip You can include up to 99 arguments in a function.

If you do not specify a folder, the function is stored in the current folder.

A function defined using the Define command can contain only a single expression. You cannot link multiple expressions or commands using colons (:) or carriage returns.

Executing a User-defined Function

The following is the syntax for executing a user-defined function.

([ [, ...]])

The following shows an example of how to perform a manual calculation in the Main application.

Example: The following is a function created under Creating a New User-defined Function on page 12-5-1.

f4 (x) = x (x + 1) (x 2)

12-5-3 User-defined Functions

Tip You can use the following steps to recall user-defined functions stored in the library folder using

the catalog (cat) keyboard. For more information about the library folder, see 1-7 Variables and Folders.

1.Press k.

2.Tap the ( (catalog) tab.

3.On the catalog (cat) keyboard, tap the [Form] down arrow button, and then select [USER].

4.Scroll the list of functions until the function you want is visible, and then tap the function name you want.

5.Tap [INPUT].

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Editing a User-defined Function

To edit an existing user-defined function, use the same procedures as those described under Modifying an Existing Program to Create a New One on page 12-3-2. Editing procedures are the same, regardless of whether you originally created the function using the Define command or Program Editor.

Deleting a User-defined Function

To delete an existing user-defined function, use the same procedure as the one described under Deleting a Program on page 12-4-1. The delete procedure is the same, regardless of whether you originally created the function using the Define command or Program Editor.

12-5-4 User-defined Functions

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12-6 Program Command Reference

Using This Reference

The following table shows the conventions that are used in the descriptions of this section.

12-6-1 Program Command Reference

A boldface word, like Input It means this:If you see something like this: The boldface word is a command.

10 This is a constant. 10 + 20 This is an arithmetic expression. A This is a variable. "AB" This is a character string.

You should input what is described inside the angle brackets (< >). When inputting the command, do not include the angle brackets.

{ } You need to select one of the multiple options enclosed inside the braces ({ }). When inputting the command, do not include the braces.

This indicates a space. Always make sure you input one space between a command and its parameters. Example: GetKey

[ ] Anything inside brackets ([ ]) is optional. You can input the item inside the brackets or omit it. When inputting the command, do not include the brackets.

The term to the left of ellipsis () can be input more than once or repeated.

Tip In addition to program commands, this section also includes descriptions of the following

functions.

pxlTest( plotTest( strToExp(

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Program Application Commands

kProgram Notation

(Carriage Return)

Function: Performs a carriage return operation.

Description In Program Editor, tap the w button to input a carriage return. The carriage return can be used in a user program. It cannot, however, be used in a

manual calculation performed in the Main application.

(Comment)

Function: Any text following this symbol is not executed. You can use this command to include comment text in your program.

Description Any line that starts with the comment symbol () is treated as comment text, which is skipped during program execution.

: (Multi-statement Command)

Function: Use this command to link a series of statements into a multi-statement (on a single line).

Description The multi-statement command can be used in a user program. It cannot, however, be used in a manual calculation performed in the Main application.

12-6-2 Program Command Reference

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k Input

GetKey

Syntax: GetKey

Function: This command assigns the code number of the last key pressed to the specified variable.

Description This command assigns the code number of the last key pressed to the specified variable.

The following shows a list of available code numbers.

12-6-3 Program Command Reference

Key Code

0 48

1 49

2 50

3 51

4 52

5 53

6 54

7 55

8 56

9 57

. 46

e 147

+ 43

- 45

* 60944

/ 47

= 61

Key Code

( 40

) 41

, 44

z 45

x 60856

y 60857

Z 60858

{ 94

E 13

f 28

c 29

d 30

e 31

k 144

K (Back Space) 8

o 145

c 12

0 is assigned to the variable if no key was pressed.

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12-6-4 Program Command Reference

GetPen

Syntax: GetPen ,

Function: This command assigns the coordinates of the point tapped on the screen to a specified variable.

Description This command assigns the x-coordinate (horizontal axis) to and the y-coordinate (vertical axis) to . The coordinates at the point in the upper left corner of the screen are (1, 1), and coordinate values are specified in the range of 1 to 160 for the x-coordinate and 1 to 240 for the y-coordinate.

Input

Syntax: Input [," "[," "]]

Function: When program execution reaches the Input command, the user is prompted for input of a value, which is assigned to the specified variable.

Description If you do not specify anything for " ", the prompt ? appears by

default. The text specified for " " is used as the input dialog box title. The Input command pauses program execution and displays a dialog box that contains the

text string indicated by " " and an input box. A text string enclosed within quotation marks (" ") or a variable name can be specified for " ".

Specifying a long text string can cause part of it to be cut off when it is displayed in the dialog box.

When the dialog box appears, input a value into the input box and then tap [OK]. This closes the dialog box, assigns the input value to the applicable variable and resumes program execution.

Tapping [ ] on the dialog box terminates program execution. During execution of the Input command, program execution is paused for input of data.

While a program is paused, you can input individual mathematical expressions only. You cannot input commands or multiple expressions joined by colons (:).

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InputFunc

Syntax: InputFunc ( [, ]) [," "[," "]]

Function: When program execution reaches the InputFunc command, the user is prompted to input the contents of the user-defined function.

Example: InputFunc v(v0, t), "To define function v0(m/s), t(sec)", "define function"

Description If you do not specify anything for " ", the prompt ? appears by

default. The text specified for " " is used as the input dialog box title. The InputFunc command pauses program execution and displays a dialog box that

contains the text string indicated by " " and an input box. The dialog box that appears is identical to the Input command dialog box. A text string enclosed within quotation marks (" ") or a variable name can be specified for " ".

Specifying a very long display text string can cause part of it to be cut off when it is displayed in the dialog box.

When the dialog box appears, input an expression into the input box and then tap [OK]. This closes the dialog box, assigns the input expression to the applicable variable and resumes program execution.

Tapping [ ] on the dialog box terminates program execution.

InputStr

Syntax: InputStr [," "[," "]]

Function: When program execution reaches the InputStr command, the user is prompted for input of a string, which is assigned to a variable.

Description The InputStr command pauses program execution and displays a dialog box that contains

the text string indicated by " " and an input box. The dialog box that appears is identical to the Input command dialog box. A text string enclosed within quotation marks (" ") or a variable name can be specified for " ".

Specifying a long display text string can cause part of it to be cut off when it is displayed in the dialog box.

When the dialog box appears, input a string into the input box and then tap [OK]. This closes the dialog box, assigns the input string to the applicable variable and resumes program execution.

Tapping [ ] on the dialog box terminates program execution. The text specified for " " is used as the input dialog box title. If you do not specify anything for " ", the prompt ? appears by

default.

12-6-5 Program Command Reference

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12-6-6 Program Command Reference

kOutput About the Program Output window

The Program Output window shows text displayed by program execution. The term Program Output window does not include dialog boxes displayed by Message and other commands.

Only one Program Output window can be stored at a time. Executing the ClrText command or using Program Loader to execute a text file clears the currently stored Program Output window.

The Program Output window can be displayed by tapping O and then [Program Output], or by tapping _ on the Program Loader window. The Program Output window also appears whenever the DispText command is executed in a program.

ClrText

Syntax: ClrText

Function: This command clears text from the Program Output window.

DispText

Syntax: DispText

Function: This command displays the Program Output window.

Description: You can use this command to re-display the Program Output window following display of the Graph window, Table window, or other window.

Example: To re-display the Program Output window after it has been cleared by a graphing operation or some other operation

GraphType y= Define y1(x) = (x) GTSelOn 1 ViewWindow 7.7, 7.7, 1, 3.8, 3.8, 1 0 S FStart 10 S FEnd 1 S FStep ClrText Initializes the Program Output window. Print y1(x) = (x) Displays the graph expression on the Program Output window. Print Tap Continue button. Tells user what to do to continue program execution after reading the

message. Pause Pauses program execution to allow user to read Program Output window message. DrawGraph Draws the graph. DispFTable Displays the table. Pause Pauses program execution to allow for graph and table editing. Program Output window is

not displayed at this time. DispText Re-displays the Program Output window. Pause Pauses program execution to allow user to read Program Output window message.

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Locate

Syntax 1: Locate <x-coordinate>, <y-coordinate>,

Syntax 2: Locate <x-coordinate>, <y-coordinate>, " "

Function: This command displays the result of the specified expression or the specified text string at the specified coordinates on the display screen.

Description The coordinates of the point at the upper left corner of the effective area of the Locate

command are (1, 1), and coordinate values can be specified in the range of 1 to 290 for the x-coordinate and 1 to 290 for the y-coordinate. Note, however, that the actual dot count of the ClassPad screen is 160 240.

An expression result is displayed as a single line.

Message

Syntax: Message " " [," "]

Function: This command pauses program execution and displays a dialog box containing the text specified by " ". The text is positioned flush top left. The text specified for " " is used as the dialog box title.

12-6-7 Program Command Reference

Description Text strings enclosed within quotation marks (" ") or variable names can be specified for

" " and " ". Tapping [OK] closes the dialog box and resumes program execution. Tapping [ ] terminates program execution.

Print

Syntax 1: Print

Syntax 2: Print " "

Function: This command displays the result of the specified expression or the specified text string.

Description An expression result is displayed as a single line. When the result is a long expression, fraction, or string, it may not fit on the display. In such a case, use the PrintNatural command instead.

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PrintNatural

Syntax: PrintNatural [," "]

Function: This command pauses program execution and displays the result of the specified expression in natural format.

12-6-8 Program Command Reference

Description A text string enclosed within quotation marks (" ") or a variable name can be specified for

" ". Tapping [OK] closes the dialog box and resumes program execution. Tapping [ ]

terminates program execution.

kProgram Execution

#

Syntax: #

Function: This command specifies a string variable whose string is a variable name.

Example 1: When the content of variable exp1 is and the content of variable str1 is exp1, sin(#str1) calculates sin().

Example 2: To cause a folder to be created during program execution: InputStr name, "Foldername" NewFolder #name

S

Syntax 1: S

" "

Syntax 2: S

" "

Syntax 3: S

Function: With this command, the content of the expression on the left is evaluated, and the result is assigned to the item on the right.

{ } { }

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12-6-9 Program Command Reference

Break

Syntax: Break

Function: This command terminates a loop and causes execution to advance to the next command following the loop process.

Description Break terminates a loop and causes execution to advance to the next command following

the loop process. Break can be used inside of a For, Do, While, or Switch process.

Define

Syntax: Define [ \ ] ([ [, ...]]) =

Items inside of brackets ([ ]) can be skipped.

Function: Creates a user-defined function.

Description: See page 12-5-2.

Do~LpWhile

Syntax: Do [ ] LpWhile

is a condition that evaluates to true or false.

Function: The specified statements are repeated as long as the condition is true.

Description The statements between Do~LpWhile are repeated as long as the condition is true. When

the condition becomes false, execution jumps to the next command after the LpWhile command.

Since the condition comes after LpWhile, the condition is not evaluated until the end of the loop is reached.

You can use a multi-statement command (:) in place of the carriage return to separate statements.

It is always a bad idea to use the Goto command to exit a Do~LpWhile loop. Not only is it poor programming, it can cause problems due to improper termination of internal processes used by the loop operation.

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For~To~(Step~)Next

Syntax:

For S To [Step ]

[ ]

Next

is the initial value, is the end value, and is the step.

Function Anything between the For command and the Next command is repeated for a count starting with the initial value of the control variable and ending when the control variable reaches the end value. Each pass causes the value of the control variable to be changed by the value specified by the step value. The loop is terminated whenever the control variable value exceeds the end value.

Description 1 is used for the step if a step value is not specified. The initial value can be less than the end value, as long as a positive value is specified for

the step. In this case, the value of the control value is increased by the step with each pass.

The initial value can be greater than the end value, as long as a negative value is specified for the step. In this case, the value of the control value is decreased by the step with each pass.

You can use a multi-statement command (:) in place of the carriage return to separate statements.

It is always a bad idea to use the Goto command to exit a For~Next loop. Not only is it poor programming, it can cause problems due to improper termination of internal processes used by the loop operation.

Goto~Lbl

Syntax: Goto

Function: This command causes program execution to jump to a specific location.

Description

same label name. A single Lbl can be used as the jump destination of multiple Goto commands.

This command can be used to loop back to the beginning of a program or to jump to any location within the program.

An error occurs if ClassPad is unable to find a Lbl with the same label as Goto. Note that the # command cannot be used in a label name.

12-6-10 Program Command Reference

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If~Then~ElseIf~Else~IfEnd

Syntax 1: If

Then

[ ]

IfEnd

Function 1 If the expression is true, the statement in the Then block is executed. After that, execution

advances to the next statement after IfEnd. If the expression is false, execution advances to the next statement after IfEnd, without

executing the statement in the Then block.

Syntax 2: If Then

[ ]

Else

[ ]

IfEnd

Function 2 If the expression is true, the statement in the Then block is executed. After that, execution

advances to the next statement after IfEnd. If the expression is false, the statement in the Else block is executed instead of the Then

block. After that, execution advances to the next statement after IfEnd.

Syntax 3: If

Then

[ ]

ElseIf

Then

[ ]

IfEnd

Function 3 If the expression is true, the statement in the If Then block is executed. After that, execution

advances to the next statement after IfEnd. If the If command expression is false, the ElseIf command expression is tested. If it is true,

the statement in the ElseIf Then block is executed. After that, execution advances to the next statement after IfEnd. If it is false, execution advances to the next statement after IfEnd.

12-6-11 Program Command Reference

} Then

} Then

} Else

} If Then

} ElseIf Then

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Syntax 4: If

Then

[ ]

ElseIf

Then

[ ]

Else

[ ]

IfEnd

Function 4 If the expression is true, the statement in the If Then block is executed. After that,

execution advances to the next statement after IfEnd. If the If command expression is false, the ElseIf command expression is tested. If it is true,

the statement in the ElseIf Then block is executed. After that, execution advances to the next statement after IfEnd. If it is false, the Else block statement is executed. After that, execution advances to the next statement after IfEnd.

Description With all four of the syntaxes described above, you can use a multi-statement command (:)

in place of the carriage return to separate Then block statements. The If~IfEnd command can be nested.

Example: Input a Input b If a < 0 Then 0 S a If b < 0 Then 0 S b IfEnd IfEnd

The If~IfEnd loop can be exited using the Break command or Return command. It is always a bad idea to use the Goto command to exit an If~IfEnd loop. Not only is it

poor programming, it can cause problems due to improper termination of internal processes used by If.

12-6-12 Program Command Reference

} If Then

} ElseIf Then

} Else

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Description You can perform manual operations on the ClassPad display screen while program

execution is paused by the Pause command. Program execution remains paused until you tap the button on the status bar, or until

six minutes pass (after which program execution resumes automatically).

Return

Syntax: Return

Function 1 (Main Program) This command terminates program execution.

Function 2 (Subroutine Program) This command returns from a subroutine.

Tip The Return command can be executed during an If, For, Do, While, or Switch process.

Skip

Syntax: Skip

Function: This command causes execution to jump to the statement at the beginning of a loop.

Description Skip causes execution to jump to the statement at the beginning of a loop. Skip can be used inside of a For, Do, or While process.

Pause

Syntax: Pause

Function: This command pauses program execution and displays a pause indicator on the right side of the status bar.

12-6-13 Program Command Reference

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Stop

Syntax: Stop

Function: This command terminates program execution.

Description: This command terminates all program execution, including that of the main program when a subroutine program is running.

Switch~Case~Default~SwitchEnd

Syntax: Switch Case [ ] Case [ ] Case n> [ ] [Default] [ ] SwitchEnd

through n> should be expressions that produce real numbers.

Function: This command executes one of a series of processes based on the value of .

Description This command executes the statement following the Case expression that matches the

Switch expression. If there is no matching Case expression, the statement following Default is executed. If

there is no Default specified, a non-match jumps to the statement following SwitchEnd. You can use a multi-statement command (:) in place of the carriage return to separate

statements. Switch~SwitchEnd can be exited using the Break command, Return command, or Goto

command.

Wait

Syntax: Wait [ ]

Function: This command pauses program execution, and then restarts it after the number of seconds specified by the expression passes.

Description If you do not specify any expression, program execution is paused until you tap the screen,

or press a key. The maximum valid specification for is 360 seconds (six minutes). Specifying

a value greater than 360 causes program execution to resume after 360 seconds, regardless of the specified value.

The ClassPads Auto Power Off function is disabled during a pause caused by the Wait command.

If the Auto Power Off trigger time is reached during the pause, program execution resumes.

12-6-14 Program Command Reference

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While~WhileEnd

Syntax: While [ ] WhileEnd

is a condition that evaluates to true or false.

Function: The specified statements are repeated as long as the condition is true.

Description The statements between While~WhileEnd are repeated as long as the condition is true.

When the condition becomes false, execution jumps to the next command after the WhileEnd command.

Since the condition comes after While, the condition is evaluated before the loop is started. You can use a multi-statement command (:) in place of the carriage return to separate

statements. It is always a bad idea to use the Goto command to exit a While~WhileEnd loop. Not only

is it poor programming, it can cause problems due to improper termination of internal processes used by the loop operation.

Application Command List

The commands listed in this section can also be used in other ClassPad applications. You can select these commands by selecting All for the [Form] setting on the catalog (cat) soft keyboard. Or, you can simply type the command. Also, many of these commands appear as menu items within the [Ctrl], [I/O] or [Misc] menus.

kGraph & Table

Circle

Syntax: Circle

x-coordinate>,
y-coordinate>, radius

Function: Draws a circle.

Example: Circle 1, 1, 2

ClearSheet

Syntax: ClearSheet { }" "

Function: Deletes the sheet name and expressions on the sheet, and returns its settings to their default values. Omitting the argument causes all sheets to be cleared.

12-6-15 Program Command Reference

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ClrGraph

Syntax: ClrGraph

Function: Clears the Graph window and returns View Window parameters to their initial default settings.

Cls

Syntax: Cls

Function: Clears sketch elements (lines and other figures sketched on the Graph window), and graphs drawn using drag and drop.

DispFTable

Syntax: DispFTable

Function: Creates and displays a function table.

DispSmryTbl

Syntax: DispSmryTbl

Function: Creates and displays a summary table.

Distance

Syntax: Distance <x-coordinate 1>, <y-coordinate 1>, <x-coordinate 2>, <y-coordinate 2>

Function: Determines the distance between two points.

Description: Executing this command makes the Graph window active, displays pointers at the locations of coordinates 1 and 2, and displays the distance between the pointers.

Tip An error occur if <x-coordinate> or <y-coordinate> is outside of the current Graph window.

DrawFTGCon, DrawFTGPlot

Syntax: DrawFTGCon DrawFTGPlot

Function: Graphs a function using a generated number table, in accordance with the conditions of each command.

Description: FTG stands for Function Table Graph. DrawFTGCon draws a connect type graph, while DrawFTGPlot draws a plot type graph.

12-6-16 Program Command Reference

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DrawGraph

Syntax: DrawGraph [ ]

Function: Graphs the selected expression or an expression specified as a parameter.

Description: has a y= type expression on the right side. Graphing of any other type of expression is not supported by this command.

Example: DrawGraph: Graphs the currently selected expressions. DrawGraph sin(x): Graphs y = sin(x).

GraphType

Syntax: GraphType "y=" "r=" "xt=" "x=" "y>" "y<" "y>" "y<" "x>" "x<" "x>" "x<"

Function: Specifies the graph expression input type.

Example: GraphType "r ="

GTSelOff

Syntax: GTSelOff

Function: Deselects a graph expression.

Description: Graph number range: 1 to 100

GTSelOn

Syntax: GTSelOn

Function: Selects a graph expression.

Description: Graph number range: 1 to 100

Horizontal

Syntax: Horizontal -coordinate>

Function: Draws a horizontal line.

12-6-17 Program Command Reference

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Inverse

Syntax: Inverse <y or x graph number>

Function: Graphs the inverse of a function.

Description: Graph number range: 1 to 100

Line

Syntax: Line x-coordinate>, y-coordinate>, x-coordinate>, y-coordinate>

Function: Draws a line between two specified coordinates.

Example: Line 1, 2, 2, 3

Tip The line is not drawn if a start point coordinate or end point coordinate is outside of the current

Graph window.

NormalLine

Syntax: NormalLine , < x-coordinate>

Function: Draws a normal line.

Example: NormalLine 1, 2

Description: Draws a line normal to the graph at the specified x-value.

Plot

Syntax: Plot <x-coordinate>, <y-coordinate>

Function: Displays a pointer at the location specified by the coordinates and plots a point there.

PlotChg

Syntax: PlotChg <x-coordinate>, <y-coordinate>

Function: Toggles display of the plot at the specified coordinates on and off.

PlotOff

Syntax: PlotOff <x-coordinate>, <y-coordinate>

Function: Turns off display of the plot at the specified coordinates.

PlotOn

Syntax: PlotOn <x-coordinate>, <y-coordinate>

Function: Turns on display of the plot at the specified coordinates.

12-6-18 Program Command Reference

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plotTest(

Syntax: plotTest(<x-coordinate>, <y-coordinate>)

Function: Returns 1 when the dot at the specified coordinates is on, and 0 when it is off.

Example: plotTest(2,3)S a. Result is placed in a.

Description: Only dots within the screen are valid.

PTBrokenThck

Syntax: PTBrokenThck

Function: Specifies Broken Thick ( ) as the graph line type.

Description: Graph number range: 1 to 100

PTCross

Syntax: PTCross

Function: Specifies Cross Plot ( ) as the graph line type.

Description: Graph number range: 1 to 100

PTDot

Syntax: PTDot

Function: Specifies Dot Plot ( ) as the graph line type.

Description: Graph number range: 1 to 100

PTNormal

Syntax: PTNormal

Function: Specifies Normal () as the graph line type.

Description: Graph number range: 1 to 100

PTSquare

Syntax: PTSquare

Function: Specifies Square Plot ( ) as the graph line type.

Description: Graph number range: 1 to 100

12-6-19 Program Command Reference

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PTThick

Syntax: PTThick

Function: Specifies Thick ( ) as the graph line type.

Description: Graph number range: 1 to 100

PxlChg

Syntax: PxlChg <x-dot>, <y-dot>

Function: Toggles display of the specified pixel on and off.

Example: PxlChg 5,1

PxlOff

Syntax: PxlOff <x-dot>, <y-dot>

Function: Turns off display of the specified pixel.

Example: PxlOff 3, 3

PxlOn

Syntax: PxlOn <x-dot>, <y-dot>

Function: Turns on display of the specified pixel.

Example: PxlOn 63, 31

pxlTest(

Syntax: pxlTest (<x-dot>, <y-dot>)

Function: Returns 1 when the specified pixel is on, and 0 when it is off.

RclGMem

Syntax: RclGMem

Function: Recalls GMem data (graph expression and related information), which was previously saved under the specified name.

Example: RclGMem AZ

RclPict

Syntax: RclPict

Function: Recalls a Pict image, which was previously saved under the specified name.

Example: RclPict PIC1

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RclVWin

Syntax: RclVWin

Function: Recalls View Window values, which were previously saved under the specified name.

Example: RclVWin WIN1

SheetActive

Syntax: SheetActive { }" "

Function: Selects the sheet that contains the expression to be graphed.

Description: Even after a sheet is renamed, it can still be specified using its previous sheet number.

SheetName

Syntax: SheetName " ",

Function: Assigns a name to a sheet

Description A sheet name can be up to eight characters long. Sheet number range: 1 to 5

Example: SheetName "Deriv", 1

SmryTSelOn

Syntax: SmryTSelOn

Function: Deselects all currently selected expressions and then selects only the specified summary table expression.

StoGMem

Syntax: StoGMem

Function: Assigns a name to GMem data (graph expression and related information) and stores it.

Example: StoGMem GMem1

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StoPict

Syntax: StoPict

Function: Assigns a name to a Pict image and stores it.

Example: StoPict Pict1

StoVWin

Syntax: StoVWin

Function: Assigns a name to View Window values and stores them.

Example: StoVWin VWIN1

TangentLine

Syntax: TangentLine , < x-coordinate>

Function: Draws a line tangent to the graph at the specified x-value.

Example: TangentLine 1, 1

Text

Syntax: Text , , { }" "

Function: Displays the specified text on the Graph window.

Example: Text 8, 2, "Graph"

Vertical

Syntax: Vertical <x-coordinate>

Function: Draws a vertical line passing through the x-coordinate value.

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20050501

ViewWindow

Syntax1: ViewWindow LogP { x }, [xmin value], [xmax value], [xscale value], y xy

[ymin value], [ymax value], [yscale value], [t min value], [t max value], [t step value]

Syntax 2: ViewWindow CallUndef

Syntax 3: ViewWindow

Function: Syntax 1: Specifies View Window values. Syntax 2: Makes all View Window values Undefined. Syntax 3: Initializes View Window settings.

Description: LogP specifies logarithmic settings for the x-coordinate and y-coordinate. LogP and CallUndef are reserved words. Skipping values after xmin causes values previously set for each item to be used.

Example: ViewWindow , , 0.065, 0.2, 1.016, 0.01, 0.16

ZAuto

Syntax: ZAuto

Function: Performs Auto Zoom.

ZFactor

Syntax: ZFactor <xfactor value>, <yfactor value>

Function: Specifies the Factor Zoom Factor value.

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k 3D

ClearSheet3D

Syntax: ClearSheet3D { }" "

Function: Deletes the sheet name and expressions on the sheet, and returns its settings to their default values. Omitting the argument causes all sheets to be cleared.

Draw3D

Syntax: Draw3D

Function: Draws a 3D graph using current settings.

SelOn3D

Syntax: SelOn3D

Function: Selects a 3D graph function. Also makes the graph sheet that contains the graph function active, and turns off graphing of all the other functions on the sheet.

SheetActive3D

Syntax: SheetActive3D { }" "

Function: Activates the specified 3D graph sheet.

SheetName3D

Syntax: SheetName3D " ",

Function: Assigns a name to a 3D graph sheet.

ViewWindow3D

Syntax 1: ViewWindow3D xmin value, xmax value, xgrid value, ymin value, ymax value, ygrid value, zmin value, zmax value, angle, angle

Syntax 2: ViewWindow3D

Function Syntax 1: Configures 3D graph View Window settings. Syntax 2: Initializes 3D graph View Window settings.

Description: Skipping any value and inputting a comma only causes the previous setting for that value to be used. Inputting values part way and then skipping input of remaining values causes the previous settings for the remaining values to be used.

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kConics

DrawConics

Syntax: DrawConics

Function: Draws a conics graph based on the data registered on the Conics Editor window.

kSequence

DispDfrTbl

Syntax: DispDfrTbl

Function: Creates and displays an arithmetic sequence table.

DispDQTbl

Syntax: DispDQTbl

Function: Creates and displays a progression of difference table.

DispFibTbl

Syntax: DispFibTbl

Function: Creates and displays a Fibonacci sequence table.

DispQutTbl

Syntax: DispQutTbl

Function: Creates and displays a geometric sequence table.

DispSeqTbl

Syntax: DispSeqTbl

Function: Creates and displays a recursion table.

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DrawSeqCon, DrawSeqPlt

Syntax: DrawSeqCon DrawSeqPlt

Function: Graphs a recursion expression whose vertical axis is an (bn or cn) and whose horizontal axis is n using a generated number table, in accordance with the conditions of each command.

Description: DrawSeqCon draws a connect type graph, while DrawSeqPlt draws a plot type graph.

DrawSeqEtrCon, DrawSeqEtrPlt

Syntax: DrawSeqEtrCon DrawSeqEtrPlt

Function: Graphs a recursion expression whose vertical axis is an (bn or cn) and whose horizontal axis is n using a generated number table, in accordance with the conditions of each command.

Description: DrawSeqEtrCon draws a connect type graph, while DrawSeqEtrPlt draws a plot type graph.

SeqSelOff

Syntax: SeqSelOff an+1

an+2

bn+1

bn+2

cn+1

cn+2

anE bnE cnE

Function: Deselects the specified sequence expression. Specifying anE, bnE, or cnE as the argument activates [Explicit]. Specifying any other argument activates [Recursive].

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SeqSelOn

Syntax: SeqSelOn an+1

an+2

bn+1

bn+2

cn+1

cn+2

anE bnE cnE

Function: Selects the specified sequence expression. Specifying anE, bnE, or cnE as the argument activates [Explicit]. Specifying any other argument activates [Recursive].

SeqType

Syntax: SeqType "n" "an+1a0" "an+1a1" "an+2a0" "an+2a1"

Function: Specifies the recursion type.

Description: Specifying n as the argument activates [Explicit]. Specifying any other argument activates [Recursive].

kStatistics

12-6-27 Program Command Reference

abExpReg

Syntax: abExpReg xList, yList[,[FreqList (or 1)][, [<yn>][, {On}]]] Off

Function: Performs y = abx regression.

Description xList: Name of list for storing x-axis data yList: Name of list for storing y-axis data FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of xList and yList data

FreqList can be omitted. Doing so sets 1 for FreqList. yn is the Graph Editor name (y1, y2, ...) that is the copy destination of the regression

expression. Copy is not performed when yn is skipped. On/Off turns Residual calc on or off. Residual calc is turned off when this setting is

skipped.

20050501

DefaultListEditor

Syntax: DefaultListEditor

Function: Initializes the sort sequence and display contents of the list on the List Editor window (list1 to list6).

DispListEditor

Syntax: DispListEditor

Function: Displays the List Editor window.

DispStat

Syntax: DispStat

Function: Displays previous statistical calculation results.

DrawStat

Syntax: DrawStat

Function: Draws a statistical graph.

12-6-28 Program Command Reference

CubicReg

Syntax: CubicReg xList, yList[,[FreqList (or 1)][, [<yn>][, {On}]]] Off

Function: Performs y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d regression.

Description xList: Name of list for storing x-axis data yList: Name of list for storing y-axis data FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of xList and yList data

FreqList can be omitted. Doing so sets 1 for FreqList. yn is the Graph Editor name (y1, y2, ...) that is the copy destination of the regression

expression. Copy is not performed when yn is skipped. On/Off turns Residual calc on or off. Residual calc is turned off when this setting is

skipped.

ExpReg

Syntax: ExpReg xList, yList[,[FreqList (or 1)][, [<yn>][,{On}]]] Off

Function: Performs y = aeb x regression.

Description xList: Name of list for storing x-axis data yList: Name of list for storing y-axis data FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of xList and yList data

FreqList can be omitted. Doing so sets 1 for FreqList. yn is the Graph Editor name (y1, y2, ...) that is the copy destination of the regression

expression. Copy is not performed when yn is skipped. On/Off turns Residual calc on or off. Residual calc is turned off when this setting is

skipped.

20050501

LinearReg

Syntax: LinearReg xList, yList[,[FreqList (or 1)][, [<yn>][,{On}]]] Off

Function: Performs y = ax + b regression. Description xList: Name of list for storing x-axis data yList: Name of list for storing y-axis data FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of xList and yList data FreqList can be omitted. Doing so sets 1 for FreqList. yn is the Graph Editor name (y1, y2, ...) that is the copy destination of the regression

expression. Copy is not performed when yn is skipped. On/Off turns Residual calc on or off. Residual calc is turned off when this setting is

skipped.

LogisticReg

Syntax: LogisticReg xList, yList[,[<yn>][,{On}]] Off

Function: Performs y = c/(1 + ae(b x)) regression. Description xList: Name of list for storing x-axis data yList: Name of list for storing y-axis data yn is the Graph Editor name (y1, y2, ...) that is the copy destination of the regression

expression. Copy is not performed when yn is skipped. On/Off turns Residual calc on or off. Residual calc is turned off when this setting is

skipped.

LogReg

Syntax: LogReg xList, yList[,[FreqList (or 1)][,[<yn>][,{On}]]] Off

Function: Performs y = a + bln(x) regression. Description xList: Name of list for storing x-axis data yList: Name of list for storing y-axis data FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of xList and yList data FreqList can be omitted. Doing so sets 1 for FreqList. yn is the Graph Editor name (y1, y2, ...) that is the copy destination of the regression

expression. Copy is not performed when yn is skipped. On/Off turns Residual calc on or off. Residual calc is turned off when this setting is

skipped.

MedMedLine

Syntax: MedMedLine xList, yList[,[FreqList (or 1)][,[<yn>][,{On}]]] Off

Function: Performs y = ax + b Med-Med calculation. Description xList: Name of list for storing x-axis data yList: Name of list for storing y-axis data FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of xList and yList data FreqList can be omitted. Doing so sets 1 for FreqList. yn is the Graph Editor name (y1, y2, ...) that is the copy destination of the regression

expression. Copy is not performed when yn is skipped. On/Off turns Residual calc on or off. Residual calc is turned off when this setting is

skipped.

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MultiSortA

Syntax 1: MultiSortA

Syntax 2: MultiSortA , , , ...

Function: Sorts a statistical list in ascending order.

Description Syntax 1 performs a simple list sort. Syntax 2 sorts multiple lists on the base list. Up to five subordinate lists can be specified.

MultiSortD

Syntax 1: MultiSortD

Syntax 2: MultiSortD , , , ...

Function: Sorts a statistical list in descending order.

Description Syntax 1 performs a simple list sort. Syntax 2 sorts multiple lists on the base list. Up to five subordinate lists can be specified.

12-6-30 Program Command Reference

OneVariable

Syntax: OneVariable xList [,FreqList (or 1)]

Function: Single variable statistics calculation

Description xList: Name of list for storing x-axis data FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of xList data

FreqList can be omitted. Doing so sets 1 for FreqList.

PowerReg

Syntax: PowerReg xList, yList[,[FreqList (or 1)][, [<yn>][,{On}]]] Off

Function: Performs y = axb regression.

Description xList: Name of list for storing x-axis data yList: Name of list for storing y-axis data FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of xList and yList data

FreqList can be omitted. Doing so sets 1 for FreqList. yn is the Graph Editor name (y1, y2, ...) that is the copy destination of the regression

expression. Copy is not performed when yn is skipped. On/Off turns Residual calc on or off. Residual calc is turned off when this setting is

skipped.

20050501

QuadReg

Syntax: QuadReg xList, yList[,[FreqList (or 1)][,[<yn>][,{On}]]] Off

Function: Performs y = ax2 + bx + c regression.

Description xList: Name of list for storing x-axis data yList: Name of list for storing y-axis data FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of xList and yList data

FreqList can be omitted. Doing so sets 1 for FreqList. yn is the Graph Editor name (y1, y2, ...) that is the copy destination of the regression

expression. Copy is not performed when yn is skipped. On/Off turns Residual calc on or off. Residual calc is turned off when this setting is

skipped.

QuartReg

Syntax: QuartReg xList, yList[,[FreqList (or 1)][,[<yn>][,{On}]]] Off

Function: Performs y = ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e regression.

Description xList: Name of list for storing x-axis data yList: Name of list for storing y-axis data FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of xList and yList data

FreqList can be omitted. Doing so sets 1 for FreqList. yn is the Graph Editor name (y1, y2, ...) that is the copy destination of the regression

expression. Copy is not performed when yn is skipped. On/Off turns Residual calc on or off. Residual calc is turned off when this setting is

skipped.

SinReg

Syntax: SinReg xList, yList[,[<yn>][,{On}]] Off

Function: Performs y = asin(bx + c) + d regression.

Description xList: Name of list for storing x-axis data yList: Name of list for storing y-axis data

yn is the Graph Editor name (y1, y2, ...) that is the copy destination of the regression expression. Copy is not performed when yn is skipped.

On/Off turns Residual calc on or off. Residual calc is turned off when this setting is skipped.

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StatGraph

Syntax 1: StatGraph , {On}, Graph Type 1, xList, yList, Off

FreqList (or 1), Plot Type

Syntax 2: StatGraph , {On}, Graph Type 2, xList, yList, Off

FreqList (or 1)

Syntax 3: StatGraph , {On}, Graph Type 3, xList, yList Off

Syntax 4: StatGraph , {On}, Graph Type 4, xList, Off

FreqList (or 1)

Syntax 5: StatGraph , {On}, Graph Type 5, xList, Off

Plot Type

Function: Configures statistical graph settings.

Description xList: Name of list for storing x-axis data yList: Name of list for storing y-axis data FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of xList and yList data Graph Type 1: Scatter/xyLine Graph Type 2: LinearR/MedMed/QuadR/CubicR/QuartR/LogR/ExpR/abExpR/PowerR Graph Type 3: SinR/LogisticR Graph Type 4: Histogram/MedBox/ModBox/NDist/Broken Graph Type 5: NPPlot Plot Type: Square/Cross/Dot/Ldot

StatGraphSel

Syntax: StatGraphSel {On } {, "Reg," }Off , "Graph"

Function: Turns statistical graphing on or off.

Description Reg selects Previous Reg. Graph selects Graph Function. Skipping Reg and Graph turns StatGraph, Previous Reg, and Graph Function on or off.

12-6-32 Program Command Reference

TwoVariable

Syntax: TwoVariable xList, yList[, FreqList (or 1)]

Function: Paired variable statistics calculation

Description xList: Name of list for storing x-axis data yList: Name of list for storing y-axis data FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of xList and yList data

FreqList can be omitted. Doing so sets 1 for FreqList.

20050501

12-6-33 Program Command Reference

kSetup

DefaultSetup

Syntax: DefaultSetup

Function: Initializes all setup data settings.

SetAxes

Syntax: SetAxes {On}Off

Function: Turns display of Graph window axes on or off.

SetAxes3D

Syntax: SetAxes3D { On }Off Box

Function: Turns display of axes on (normal), off, or Box (box type coordinate) for 3D graphing. Specifying Box displays the draw area in box form.

SetBG

Syntax: SetBG { }Off

Function: Specifies a PICT image for the background. Background image display is turned off when Off is specified.

SetCellWidth

Syntax: SetCellWidth {2}3 4

Function: Specifies the number of rows displayed on the List Editor and data table windows.

SetComplex

Syntax: SetComplex

Function: Specifies the Complex mode (to perform complex number calculations).

20050501

SetCoord

Syntax: SetCoord {On}Off

Function: Turns display of Graph window pointer coordinates on or off.

SetCoordOff3D

Syntax: SetCoordOff3D

Function: Turns off display of pointer coordinates for 3D graphing.

SetCoordPol3D

Syntax: SetCoordPol3D

Function: Specifies use of polar coordinates for coordinate display during 3D graphing.

SetCoordRect3D

Syntax: SetCoordRect3D

Function: Specifies use of rectangular coordinates for coordinate display during 3D graphing.

SetDecimal

Syntax: SetDecimal

Function: Specifies the Decimal mode (displays results in decimal format).

SetDegree

Syntax: SetDegree

Function: Specifies Degree for the angle unit.

SetDeriv

Syntax: SetDeriv {On}Off

Function: Turns display of Graph window pointer coordinates and ordered pair table derivative on or off.

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SetDispGCon

Syntax: SetDispGCon {On}Off

Function: Turns display of graph controller arrows during graphing on or off.

SetDrawCon

Syntax: SetDrawCon

Function: Specifies graphing by connecting plotting points with lines.

SetDrawPlt

Syntax: SetDrawPlt

Function: Specifies graphing by plotting points only.

SetFix

Syntax: SetFix

Function: Specifies the fixed number of decimal places.

SetFunc

Syntax: SetFunc {On}Off

Function: Turns display of graph function name and function on or off.

SetGrid

Syntax: SetGrid {On}Off

Function: Turns display of the Graph window grid on or off.

SetLabel

Syntax: SetLabel {On}Off

Function: Turns display of Graph window axis labels on or off.

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SetLabel3D

Syntax: SetLabel3D {On}Off

Function: Turns display of Graph window axis labels for 3D graphing on or off.

SetLeadCursor

Syntax: SetLeadCursor {On}Off

Function: Turns display of the leading cursor during graphing on or off.

SetNormal

Syntax: SetNormal {1}2

Function: Specifies Normal 1 or Normal 2 as the auto exponential display setting for values.

SetRadian

Syntax: SetRadian

Function: Specifies Radian for the angle unit.

SetReal

Syntax: SetReal

Function: Specifies the Real mode (to perform real number calculations).

SetSci

Syntax: SetSci

Function: Specifies the fixed number of significant digits.

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SetSequence

Syntax: SetSequence { On }Off StepDisp

Function: Turns display of expressions created after graphing on or off or specifies step display (StepDisp).

Description: When StepDisp is selected, the expression does not appear until you press E.

SetSimulGraph

Syntax: SetSimulGraph {On}Off

Function: Turn simultaneous drawing of multiple graphs on or off.

SetSmryTable

Syntax: SetSmryTable { }VWin

Function: Specifies whether summary table generation is View Window dependent or List dependent. Using VWin specifies View Window dependent.

SetSmryTableQD

Syntax: SetSmryTableQD {On}Off

Function: Specifies whether the second derivative will appear in summary tables.

SetStandard

Syntax: SetStandard

Function: Specifies the Standard mode (to leave calculation results as expressions).

SetStatWinAuto

Syntax: SetStatWinAuto {On }Off

Function: Turns automatic setup of Statistics application View Window on or off.

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SetTVariable

Syntax: SetTVariable { }TableInput

Function: Specifies the variable reference location for table generation.

Description: Use TableInput to specify a range and generate a table.

Setdisp

Syntax: Setdisp {On}Off

Function: Turns display of subtotals for tables on or off.

kFolder/Variable

Clear_a_z

Syntax: Clear_a_z [ ]

Function: Deletes all single letter lower-case named variables from a through z from the specified folder.

Description If you dont specify a folder name, the variables of the current folder are cleared. Deletes all variables, regardless of type (program, etc.), that have the specified variable

name. See GetType for information about variable types (page 12-6-39). Keep in mind that this command clears all data types, including programs, functions, etc.

CopyVar

Syntax: CopyVar ,

Function Copies the contents of a variable to another variable. If the copy destination variable has the same name as the source variable name, the

destination variable is replaced with the source variable.

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20050501

DelFolder

Syntax: DelFolder

Function: Deletes a folder.

DelVar

Syntax: DelVar , ...

Function: Deletes a variable.

Description: Deletes all variables, regardless of type (program, etc.), that have the specified variable name. See GetType for information about variable types.

GetFolder

Syntax: GetFolder

Function: Gets the current folder name and assigns it to a variable as a text string.

GetType

Syntax: GetType ,

Function: Gets the type of the specified variable and assigns it to a storage variable as a text string.

Description: The following is a list of variable types. NUM (real number type) EXPR (expression type) STR (string type) LIST (list type) MAT (matrix type) PRGM (program type) EXE (execute only program type) TEXT (text type) FUNC (function type) PICT (picture type) GMEM (graph expression memory type) GEO (geometric type) MEM (universal data type) OTHR (unrecognizable items) NONE (no applicable variable)

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20050501

Local

Syntax: Local , ...

Function: Defines a local variable.

Description The following are the merits of local variables. Since local variables are deleted automatically, use of local variables for temporary storage

avoids unnecessary use of available memory. Since local variables do not affect general variables, you can name local variables without

worrying about whether the name you are using is already used by another variable.

Lock

Syntax: Lock , ...

Function: Locks variables.

LockFolder

Syntax: LockFolder

Function: Locks the specified folder and all the files currently inside of it.

MoveVar

Syntax: MoveVar , ,

Function: Moves a variable to the specified folder.

NewFolder

Syntax: NewFolder

Function: Creates a new folder.

Rename

Syntax: Rename ,

Function: Renames a variable.

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20050501

SetFolder

Syntax: SetFolder [, ]

Function Makes the specified folder the current folder. Including a variable name at the end of this

command assigns the name of the previous current folder to the variable as a text string. If the specified folder does not exist, this command creates a new folder with the specified

name, and makes it the current folder.

Unlock

Syntax: Unlock , ...

Function: Unlocks variables.

UnlockFolder

Syntax: UnlockFolder

Function: Unlocks the specified folder and all the files currently inside of it.

kStrings A string is a series of characters inside of quotation marks. In a program, strings are used to specify display text. A string made up of numbers (like 123) or an expression (like x1) cannot be processed as a calculation.

To include quotation marks (") or a backslash (\) in a string, put a backslash (\) in front of the quotation marks (") or backslash (\).

Example 1: To include Japan: Tokyo in a string Print "Japan:\"Tokyo\""

Example 2: To include main\abc in a string Print "main\\abc"

ChrToNum

Syntax: ChrToNum " ", [, n]

Function: Converts the characters up to the nth character of a string to their character code values and assigns the string to the specified variable.

Description: Omitting n starts conversion from the first character of the string. For information about character codes, see Appendix page -6-1.

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ExpToStr

Syntax: ExpToStr ,

Function: Converts the result of an input expression to a string and assigns the string to the specified variable.

NumToChr

Syntax: NumToChr n,

Function: Converts numeric value n to the corresponding text character(s) in accordance with the character code table, and assigns the character(s) as a string to the specified variable. For information about character codes, see Appendix page -6-1.

NumToStr

Syntax: NumToStr ,{"Fix "}, "Sci "

Function: Converts a numeric value to a string of the specified format, and assigns the resulting string to the specified variable.

Example: NumToStr 1.234, "Fix2", x

StrCmp

Syntax: StrCmp " ", " ",

Function: Compares " " and " " (character code comparison) and assigns the resulting value to the specified variable.

Description Returns 0 when " " = " ". Returns 1 when " " > " ". Returns 1 when " " < " ".

StrInv

Syntax: StrInv " ",

Function: Inverts the sequence of a string and assigns the resulting string to a variable.

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20050501

StrJoin

Syntax: StrJoin " ", " ",

Function: Joins " " and " " and then assigns the resulting string to the specified variable.

StrLeft

Syntax: StrLeft " ", n,

Function: Copies a string up to the nth character from the left, and assigns the resulting string to the specified variable.

StrLen

Syntax: StrLen " ",

Function: Determines the length of a string (the number of its characters) and assigns the resulting value to the specified variable.

StrLwr

Syntax: StrLwr " ",

Function: Converts all the characters of a string to lower case and assigns the resulting string to the specified variable.

StrMid

Syntax: StrMid " ", n, [, ]

Function: Copies a specific number of characters of a string, starting from the nth character, and assigns the resulting string to the specified variable.

Description: Omitting the number of characters causes the string to be copied up to the end.

StrRight

Syntax: StrRight " ", n,

Function: Copies a string up to the nth character from the right, and assigns the resulting string to the specified variable.

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StrRotate

Syntax: StrRotate " ", [, n]

Function: Rotates the left side part and right side part of a string at the nth character, and assigns the resulting string to the specified variable.

Description: Rotation is to the left when n is positive, and to the right when n is negative. Omitting n uses a default value of +1.

Example: StrRotate "abcde", DDD, 2 Assigns the string deabc to variable DDD.

StrShift

Syntax: StrShift " ", [, n]

Function: Shifts a string left or right n characters, and assigns the resulting string to the specified variable.

Description: Shift is to the left when n is positive, and to the right when n is negative. Omitting n uses a default value of +1.

Example: StrShift "abcde", DDD, 2 Assigns the string abc to variable DDD.

StrSrc

Syntax: StrSrc " ", " ", [, ]

Function: Searches " " starting from the specified point ( nth character from beginning of string) to determine if it contains the data specified by " ". If the data is found, this command returns the location of the first character of " ", starting from the beginning of " ".

Description: Omitting the start point causes the search to start from the beginning of " ".

strToExp(

Syntax: strToExp(" ")

Function: Converts a string to an expression, and executes the expression.

StrUpr

Syntax: StrUpr " ",

Function: Converts all the characters of a string to upper case and assigns the resulting string to the specified variable.

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kOther

CloseComPort38k

Syntax: CloseComPort38k

Function: Closes the 3-pin COM port.

Example: See the GetVar38k command.

GetVar38k

Syntax: GetVar38k

Function: Receives variable names and variable contents.

Description The OpenComPort38k command must be executed before this command is executed. The CloseComPort38k command must be executed after this command is executed.

Example: To connect two ClassPad units with an SB-62 cable, and transfer the contents of the sending units variable s to the receiving units variable g

Sending Unit Program 123 S s OpenComPort38k SendVar38k s CloseComPort38k

Receiving Unit Program OpenComPort38k GetVar38k g CloseComPort38k

Notes Run the receiving units program first, and then run the sending units

program. You can use any commands beside the four data communication commands

(Send38k, Receive38k, SendVar38k, or GetVar38k) between the OpenComPort38k and CloseComPort38k commands.

12-6-45 Program Command Reference

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OpenComPort38k

Syntax: OpenComPort38k

Function: Opens the 3-pin COM port.

Example: See the GetVar38k command on page 12-6-45.

Receive38k

Syntax: Receive38k

Function: Receives EA-200 data.

Description The OpenComPort38k command must be executed before this command is executed. The CloseComPort38k command must be executed after this command is executed. For details about using this command, see the user documentation that comes with the

EA-200. Note that you need to replace all instances of the Receive command in the examples

provided in the EA-200 user documentation with the command Receive38k. You should also adjust the other commands in the EA-200 examples so they conform to the ClassPad command syntax and usage as described in this manual.

Send38k

Syntax: Send38k

Function: Sends EA-200 data.

Description The OpenComPort38k command must be executed before this command is executed. The CloseComPort38k command must be executed after this command is executed. For details about using this command, see the user documentation that comes with the

EA-200. Note that you need to replace all instances of the Send command in the examples

provided in the EA-200 user documentation with the command Send38k. You should also adjust the other commands in the EA-200 examples so they conform to the ClassPad command syntax and usage as described in this manual.

must be a variable that contains a real number or a list. Anything else results in an error.

SendVar38k

Syntax: SendVar38k

Function: Sends variable names and variable contents.

Description The OpenComPort38k command must be executed before this command is executed. The CloseComPort38k command must be executed after this command is executed. Example: See the GetVar38k command on page 12-6-45.

12-6-46 Program Command Reference

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12-7 Including ClassPad Functions in Programs

Including Graphing Functions in a Program

Graphing functions let your program graph multiple equations, or overlay multiple graphs on the same screen.

Example: DefaultSetup ClrGraph ViewWindow 0, 7.7, 1, 14, 110, 10 GraphType "y=" Define y1(x) = x^4 x^3 24x^2 + 4x + 80 GTSelOn 1 PTDot 1 SheetActive 1 DrawGraph

12-7-1 Including ClassPad Functions in Programs

Using Conics Functions in a Program

Conics functions make it possible for your program to draw conics graphs.

Example: ClrGraph ViewWindow 15.4, 15.4, 2, 7.6, 7.6, 2 "(x 1)^2/3^2 + (y 2)^2/4^2 = 1" S ConicsEq DrawConics

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Including 3D Graphing Functions in a Program

The methods for using 3D graphing functions in a program are identical to those for normal (non-3D) graphing functions, except that you can only graph one 3D graph at a time. For information about commands that are unique to 3D graphing, see Application Command List on page 12-6-15.

Including Table & Graph Functions in a Program

Table & Graph functions can be included in a program to generate number tables and draw graphs.

Example: DefaultSetup ClrGraph ViewWindow 0, 7.7, 1, 14, 110, 10 GraphType "y=" Define y1(x) = 3 x^2 2 GTSelOn 1 0 S FStart 6 S FEnd 1 S FStep SheetActive 1 DispFTable Pause DrawFTGCon

12-7-2 Including ClassPad Functions in Programs

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12-7-3 Including ClassPad Functions in Programs

Including Recursion Table and Recursion Graph Functions in a Program

Recursion table and recursion graph functions can be included in a program to generate number tables and draw graphs.

Example: DefaultSetup ViewWindow 0, 6, 1, 0.01, 0.3, 1 SeqType "an+1a0" "3an^2 + 2an" S an+1

0 S SqStart 6 S SqEnd 0.01 S a0

DispSeqTbl Pause DrawSeqCon

Including List Sort Functions in a Program

List sort functions let you sort list data into either ascending or descending order. Make sure the list contains data before executing a sort function.

u To sort data of a single list in ascending order MultiSortA

u To sort multiple lists in ascending order, based on the data in one list MultiSortA , , Up to six list names can be specified, including the base list name.

u To sort data of a single list in descending order MultiSortD

u To sort multiple lists in descending order, based on the data in one list MultiSortD , , Up to six list names can be specified, including the base list name.

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12-7-4 Including ClassPad Functions in Programs

Including Statistical Graphing and Calculation Functions in a Program

Including statistical graphs and calculation functions in a program allows the program to draw statistical graphs and display statistical calculation results.

u To perform statistical graphing

Example 1: Scatter Diagram {0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4, 5.2} S list1 {2.1, 0.3, 1.5, 2, 2.4} S list2 StatGraph 1, On, Scatter, list1, list2, 1, Square DrawStat

Note that xyLine can also be specified in instead of Scatter for the graph type.

Example 2: Normal Probability Plot {0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4, 5.2} S list1 StatGraph 1, On, NPPlot, list1, Square DrawStat

Example 3: Single-variable statistical graphing {0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4, 5.2} S list1 StatGraph 1, On, Histogram, list1, list1 DrawStat

Note that MedBox, ModBox, NDist, or Broken can also be specified in instead of Histogram for the graph type.

Example 4: Paired-variable statistical graphing {0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4, 5.2} S list1 {2.1, 0.3, 1.5, 2, 2.4} S list2 StatGraph 1,On, LinearR, list1, list2,1 DrawStat

Note that MedMed, QuadR, CubicR, QuartR, LogR, ExpR, abExpR, or PowerR can also be specified in instead of LinearR for the graph type.

Example 5: Paired-variable statistical graphing (Sinusoidal Regression/Logistic Regression) {0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4, 5.2} S list1 {2.9, 3.8, 3.3, 0.4, 0.2} S list2 StatGraph 1, On, SinR, list1, list2 DrawStat

Note that LogisticR can also be specified in instead of SinR for the graph type.

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u To use statistical calculation functions You can perform the following types of statistical calculations using program commands.

Single-variable statistics Paired-variable statistics Regression Tests Confidence interval Probability

See Chapter 7 Using the Statistics Application for more information.

u To explore statistical data

Example: Exploring data with regression StatGraphSel Off {0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4, 5.2} S list1 {2.1, 0.3, 1.5, 2, 2.4} S list2 StatGraph 1, On, Scatter, list1, list2, 1, Square DrawStat LogReg list1, list2, 1 DispStat DrawStat

12-7-5 Including ClassPad Functions in Programs

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Chapter

13

Using the Spreadsheet Application The Spreadsheet application provides you with powerful, take- along-anywhere spreadsheet capabilities on your ClassPad.

13-1 Spreadsheet Application Overview

13-2 Spreadsheet Application Menus and Buttons

13-3 Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations

13-4 Editing Cell Contents 13-5 Using the Spreadsheet Application with the

eActivity Application

13-6 Using the Action Menu

13-7 Formatting Cells and Data

13-8 Graphing

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13-1-1 Spreadsheet Application Overview

13-1 Spreadsheet Application Overview This section describes the configuration of the Spreadsheet application window, and provides basic information about its menus and commands.

Starting Up the Spreadsheet Application

Use the following procedure to start up the Spreadsheet application.

uClassPad Operation On the application menu, tap R.

This starts the Spreadsheet application and displays its window.

Spreadsheet Window

The Spreadsheet window shows a screen of cells and their contents.

Row numbers (1 to 999)

Column letters (A to BL)

Edit buttonsEdit box

Cell cursor

Status area

Each cell can contain a value, expression, text, or a formula. Formulas can contain a reference to a specific cell or a range of cells.

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13-2-1 Spreadsheet Application Menus and Buttons

13-2 Spreadsheet Application Menus and Buttons

This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and buttons of the Spreadsheet application window.

For information about the O menu, see Using the O Menu on page 1-5-4.

kFile Menu

To do this: Select this [File] menu item:

Create a new, empty spreadsheet New

Open an existing spreadsheet Open

Save the currently displayed spreadsheet Save

kEdit Menu

To do this: Select this [Edit] menu item:

Undo the last action, or redo the action you have just undone Undo/Redo

Display a dialog box that lets you show or hide scrollbars, and specify the direction the cursor advances when inputting data Options

Automatically resize columns to fit the data into the selected cells AutoFit Selection

Display a dialog box for specifying column width Column Width

Display a dialog box for specifying the number format of the selected cell(s) Number Format

Display or hide the Cell Viewer window Cell Viewer

Display a dialog box for specifying a cell to jump to Goto Cell

Display a dialog box for specifying a range of cells to select Select Range

Display a dialog box for specifying cell contents and a range of cells to fill Fill Range

Display a dialog box for specifying a sequence to fill a range of cells Fill Sequence

Insert row(s) Insert - Rows

Insert column(s) Insert - Columns

Delete the currently selected row(s) Delete - Rows

Delete the currently selected column(s) Delete - Columns

Delete the contents of the currently selected cells Delete - Cells

Cut the current selection and place it onto the clipboard Cut

Copy the current selection and place it onto the clipboard Copy

Paste the clipboard contents at the current cell cursor location Paste

Select everything in the spreadsheet Select All

Clear all data from the spreadsheet Clear All

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13-2-2 Spreadsheet Application Menus and Buttons

kGraph Menu You can use the [Graph] menu to graph the data contained in selected cells. See 13-8 Graphing for more information.

kAction Menu The [Action] menu contains a selection of functions that you can use when configuring a spreadsheet. See 13-6 Using the Action Menu for more information.

kSpreadsheet Toolbar Buttons Not all of the Spreadsheet buttons can fit on a single toolbar, tap the u/t button on the far right to toggle between the two toolbars.

To do this: Tap this button:

Toggle the selected cell(s) between decimal (floating point) and exact . / ,

display*1

Toggle the selected cell(s) between bold and normal M / B

Toggle the data type of the selected cell(s) between text and calculation u / <

Specify left-justified text and right-justified values for selected cell(s) [

(default)

Specify left-justified for selected cell(s) p

Specify centered for selected cell(s) x

Specify right-justified for selected cell(s) ]

Display or hide the Cell Viewer window A

Display the Spreadsheet Graph window (page 13-8-1) o

Delete the currently selected row(s) H

Delete the currently selected column(s) J

Insert row(s) K

Insert column(s) a

*1 When cell(s) are calculation data types.

Tip During cell data input and editing, the toolbar changes to a data input toolbar. See Edit Mode

Screen on page 13-4-1 for more information.

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13-3-1 Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations

13-3 Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations This section contains information about how to control the appearance of the Spreadsheet window, and how to perform other basic operations.

About the Cell Cursor

The cell cursor causes the current selected cell or group of cells to become highlighted. The location of the current selection is indicated in the status bar, and the value or formula located in the selected cell is shown in the edit box. You can select multiple cells for group formatting, deletion, or insertion. See Selecting Cells on page 13-3-5 for more information about selecting cells.

Controlling Cell Cursor Movement

Use the following procedure to specify whether the cell cursor should stay at the current cell, move down to the next line, or move right to the next column when you register data in a Spreadsheet cell.

uClassPad Operation (1) On the [Edit] menu, tap [Options].

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13-3-2 Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations

(2) On the dialog box that appears, tap the [Cursor Movement] down arrow button, and then select the setting you want.

To have the cell cursor behave this way when you register Select this input: setting:

Remain at the current cell Off

Move to the next row below the current cell Down

Move to the next column to the right of the current cell Right

(3) After the setting is the way you want, tap [OK].

Navigating Around the Spreadsheet Window

The simplest way to select a cell is to tap it with the stylus. You can also drag the stylus across a range of cells to select all of them. If you drag to the edge of the screen, it will scroll automatically, until you remove the stylus from the screen. The following are other ways you can navigate around the Spreadsheet window.

kCursor Keys When a single cell is selected, you can use the cursor key to move the cell cursor up, down, left, or right.

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13-3-3 Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations

k Jumping to a Cell You can use the following procedure to jump to a specific cell on the Spreadsheet screen by specifying the cells column and row.

uClassPad Operation (1) On the [Edit] menu, select [Goto Cell].

(2) On the dialog box that appears, type in a letter to specify the column of the cell to which you want to jump, and a value for its row number.

(3) After the column and row are the way you want, tap [OK] to jump to the cell.

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13-3-4 Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations

Hiding or Displaying the Scrollbars

Use the following procedure to turn display of Spreadsheet scrollbars on and off. By turning off the scrollbars, you make it possible to view more information in the spreadsheet.

uClassPad Operation (1) On the [Edit] menu, tap [Options].

(2) On the dialog box that appears, tap the [Scrollbars] down arrow button, and then select the setting you want.

To do this: Select this setting:

Display the scrollbars On

Hide the scrollbars Off

(3) After the setting is the way you want, tap [OK].

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13-3-5 Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations

Tap a row heading to select the row.

Tap a column heading to select the column.

Tap a cell to select it.

Tap here to select the entire spreadsheet.

Selecting Cells

Before performing any operation on a cell, you must first select it. You can select a single cell, a range of cells, all the cells in a row or column, or all of the cells in the spreadsheet.

To select a range of cells, drag the stylus across them.

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13-3-6 Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations

Using the Cell Viewer Window

The Cell Viewer window lets you view both the formula contained in a cell, as well as the current value produced by the formula.

While the Cell Viewer window is displayed, you can select or clear its check boxes to toggle display of the value and/or formula on or off. You can also select a value or formula and then drag it to another cell.

u To view or hide the Cell Viewer window On the Spreadsheet toolbar, tap A. Or, on the Spreadsheet [Edit] menu, select [Cell Viewer].

The above operation toggles display of the Cell Viewer window on and off.

You can control the size and location of the Cell Viewer window using the r and S icons on the icon panel below the touch screen. For details about these icons, see 1-3 Using the Icon Panel.

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13-4-1 Editing Cell Contents

13-4 Editing Cell Contents This section explains how to enter the edit mode for data input and editing, and how to input various types of data and expressions into cells.

Edit Mode Screen

The Spreadsheet application automatically enters the edit mode whenever you tap a cell to select it and input something from the keypad. Entering the edit mode (see page 13-4-2) displays the editing cursor in the edit box and the data input toolbar.

Tap to apply your input or edits.

Tap to cancel input or editing without making any changes.

Data input toolbar

Tap to scroll the character buttons.

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You can tap the data input toolbar buttons to input letters and symbols into the edit box.

Entering the Edit Mode

There are two ways you can enter the edit mode: Tapping a cell and then tapping inside the edit box Tapping a cell and inputting something on the keypad

The following explains the difference between these two techniques.

k Tapping a cell and then tapping the edit box This enters the standard edit mode. Tapping the edit box selects (highlights) all of the text in the edit box. Tapping the edit box

again deselects (unhighlights) the text and displays the editing cursor (a solid blinking cursor).

Be sure to use this standard editing mode when you want to correct or change the existing contents of a cell.

The following explains the operation of the cursor key after entering the standard editing mode.

To move the editing cursor here in the edit box text: Press this cursor key:

One character left d

One character right e

To the beginning (far left) f

To the end (far right) c

13-4-2 Editing Cell Contents

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kTapping a cell and then inputting something from the keypad This enters the quick edit mode, indicated by a dashed blinking cursor. Anything you input

with the keypad will be displayed in the edit box. If the cell you selected already contains something, anything you input with the quick edit

mode replaces the existing content with the new input. In the quick editing mode, pressing the cursor key registers your input and moves the cell

cursor in the direction of the cursor key you press. Note that you can change to the standard edit mode at any time during the quick edit mode

by tapping inside of the edit box.

Basic Data Input Steps

The following are the basic steps you need to perform whenever inputting or editing cell data.

uClassPad Operation (1) Enter the edit mode.

Either tap a cell (quick edit), or tap a cell and then tap the edit box (standard edit).

See Selecting Cells on page 13-3-5 for more information about selecting cells.

(2) Input the data you want.

You can input data using the keypad, the [Action] menu, and the input toolbar. See the following sections for more information.

(3) After you are finished, finalize the input using one of the procedures below.

If you are using this edit mode: Do this to finalize your input:

Standard Edit Tap the s button next to the edit box.

Press the E key.

Quick Edit Press a cursor key.

Or tap the s button next to the edit box.

Or press the E key.

This causes the entire spreadsheet to be re-calculated.

If you want to cancel data input without saving your changes, tap the S button next to the edit box or tap on the icon panel.

Important! You can also finalize input into a cell by tapping a different cell, as long as the first

character in the edit box is not an equal sign (=). Tapping another cell while the first character in the edit box is an equal sign (=) inserts a reference to the tapped cell into the edit box. See Inputting a Cell Reference on page 13-4-6 for more information.

13-4-3 Editing Cell Contents

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Inputting a Formula

A formula is an expression that the Spreadsheet application calculates and evaluates when you input it, when data related to the formula is changed, etc.

A formula always starts with an equal sign (=), and can contain any one of the following. Values Mathematical expressions Cell references ClassPad soft keyboard functions (cat page of keyboard) [Action] menu functions (page 13-6-4)

Formulas are calculated dynamically whenever related values are changed, and the latest result is always displayed in the spreadsheet.

The following shows a simple example where a formula in cell B5 calculates the average of the values in cells B1 through B3.

13-4-4 Editing Cell Contents

Important! Tapping another cell while the first character in the edit box is an equal sign (=) inserts a

reference to the tapped cell into the edit box. Dragging across a range of cells will input a reference to the selected range. See Inputting a Cell Reference on page 13-4-6 for more information.

When a cell is set to text data type, formulas are displayed as text when they are not preceded by an equal sign (=).

When a cell is set to calculation data type, an error occurs when a formula is not preceded by an equal sign (=).

u To use the soft keyboards to input a function Example: To input the following

Cell A1: x^row(A1) Cell B1: diff(A1, x, 1)

(1) Tap cell A1 to select it.

(2) Press =, x, and then {.

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(3) Press k to display the soft keyboard.

(4) Tap the 0 tab and then tap r, o, w, or on the [Action] menu, tap [row].

(5) Press (, tap cell A1, and then press ).

(6) Press E.

(7) Tap cell B1 and then press =.

(8) On the soft keyboard, tap the 9 tab, tap -, and then tap -.

(9) Tap cell A1, press ,, x, ,, 1, and then press ).

(10) Press E.

(11) Press k to hide the soft keyboard.

(12) Select (highlight) cells A1 and B1.

(13) On the [Edit] menu, tap [Copy].

(14) Select cells A2 and B2.

(15) On the [Edit] menu, tap [Paste].

Learn more about cell referencing on the next page.

13-4-5 Editing Cell Contents

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Inputting a Cell Reference

A cell reference is a symbol that references the value of one cell for use by another cell. If you input =A1 + B1 into cell C2, for example, the Spreadsheet will add the current value of cell A1 to the current value of cell B1, and display the result in cell C2. There are two types of cell references: relative and absolute. It is very important that you understand the difference between relative and absolute cell references. Otherwise, your spreadsheet may not produce the results you expect.

kRelative Cell Reference A relative cell reference is one that changes according to its location on the spreadsheet. The cell reference =A1 in cell C2, for example, is a reference to the cell located two columns to the left and one cell up from the current cell (C2, in this case). Because of this, if we copy or cut the contents of cell C2 and paste them into cell D12, for example, the cell reference will change automatically to =B11, because B11 is two columns to the left and one cell up from cell D12. Be sure to remember that relative cell references always change dynamically in this way whenever you move them using cut and paste, or drag and drop.

Important! When you cut or copy a relative cell reference from the edit box, it is copied to the

clipboard as text and pasted as-is without changing. If =A1 is in cell C2 and you copy =A1 from the edit box and paste it into cell D12, for example, D12 will also be =A1.

kAbsolute Cell References An absolute cell reference is the one that does not change, regardless of where it is located or where it is copied to or moved to. You can make both the row and column of a cell reference absolute, or you can make only the row or only the column of a cell reference absolute, as described below.

This cell reference: Does this:

$A$1 Always refers to column A, row 1

$A1 Always refers to column A, but the row changes dynamically when moved, as with a relative cell reference

A$1 Always refers to row 1, but the column changes dynamically when moved, as with a relative cell reference

Lets say, for example, that a reference to cell A1 is in cell C1. The following shows what each of the above cell references would become if the contents of cell C1 were copied to cell D12. $A$1 $A$1 $A1 $A12 A$1 B$1

13-4-6 Editing Cell Contents

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(4) Tap the cell you want to reference (which will input its name into the edit box automatically) or use the editing toolbar and keypad to input its name.

Important! The above step always inputs a relative cell reference. If you want to input an

absolute cell reference, use the stylus or cursor keys to move the editing cursor to the appropriate location, and then use the editing toolbar to input a dollar ($) symbol. See Inputting a Cell Reference on page 13-4-6 for more information about relative and absolute cell references.

(5) Repeat step (4) as many times as necessary to input all of the cell references you want. For example, you could input =A1 + A2. You can also input a range of cells into the edit box by dragging across a group of cells.

(6) After your input is the way you want, tap the s button next to the edit box or press the E key to save it.

u To input a cell reference (1) Select the cell where you want to insert the cell reference.

(2) Tap inside the edit box.

(3) If you are inputting new data, input an equal sign (=) first. If you are editing existing data, make sure that its first character is an equal sign (=).

Inputting a cell name like A3 without an equal sign (=) at the beginning will cause A and 3 to be input as text, without referencing the data in cell A3.

13-4-7 Editing Cell Contents

Incorrect cell reference (no = sign) Correct cell reference

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Inputting a Constant

A constant is data whose value is defined when it is input. When you input something into a cell for which text is specified as the data type without an equal sign (=) at the beginning, a numeric value is treated as a constant and non-numeric values are treated as text.

Note the following examples for cells of u type:

This input: Is interpreted as: And is treated as:

sin(1) A numeric expression A constant value

1+1/2 A numeric expression A constant value

1.02389 A numeric expression A constant value

sin(x) A symbolic expression Text

x+y A symbolic expression Text

Result A string expression Text

sin( Invalid expression context Text

When text is too long to fit in a cell, it spills over into the next cell to the right if the neighboring cell is empty. If the cell to the right is not empty, the text is cut off and ... is displayed to indicate that non-displayed text is contained in the cell.

Using the Fill Sequence Command

The Fill Sequence command lets you set up an expression with a variable, and input a range of values based on the calculated results of the expression.

u To input a range of values using Fill Sequence Example: To configure a Fill Sequence operation according to the following parameters

Expression: 1/x Change of x Value: From 1 to 25 Step: 1 Input Location: Starting from A1

(1) On the [Edit] menu, tap [Fill Sequence].

13-4-8 Editing Cell Contents

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13-4-9 Editing Cell Contents

(2) Use the dialog box that appears to configure the Fill Sequence operation as described below.

Parameter Description

Expr. Input the expression whose results you want to input.

Var. Specify the name of the variable whose value will change with each step.

Low Specify the smallest value to be assigned to the variable.

High Specify the greatest value to be assigned to the variable.

Step Specify the value that should be added to the variable value with each step.

Start Specify the starting cell from which the results of the expression should be inserted.

The following shows how the Fill Sequence dialog box should appear after configuring the parameters for our example.

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Cut and Copy

You can use the [Cut] and [Copy] commands on the Spreadsheet application [Edit] menu to cut and copy the contents of the cells currently selected (highlighted) with the cell cursor. You can also cut and copy text from the edit box. The following types of cut/copy operations are supported.

Single cell cut/copy Multiple-cell cut/copy Selected edit box text cut/copy Cell Viewer values and formulas copy only

Cutting or copying data places it onto the clipboard. You can use the [Paste] command to paste the clipboard contents at the current cell cursor or editing cursor location.

13-4-10 Editing Cell Contents

(3) After everything is the way you want, tap [OK].

This performs all the required calculations according to your settings, and inserts the results into the spreadsheet.

The following shows the results for our example.

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Paste

The [Edit] menus [Paste] command lets you paste the data that is currently on the clipboard at the current cell cursor or editing cursor location.

Important! Pasting cell data will cause all relative cell references contained in the pasted data to be

changed in accordance with the paste location. See Inputting a Cell Reference on page 13-4-6 for more information.

Relative cell references in data copied or cut from the edit box do not change when pasted into another cell.

The following summarizes how different types of data can be pasted.

kWhen the clipboard contains data from a single cell or the edit box

If you do this: Executing the [Paste] command will do this:

Select a single cell with the cell cursor Paste the clipboard data into the selected cell

Select multiple cells with the cell cursor Paste the clipboard data into each of the selected cells

Locate the editing cursor inside the edit Paste the clipboard data at the editing cursor box location

kWhen the clipboard contains data from multiple cells

If you do this: Executing the [Paste] command will do this:

Select a single cell with the cell cursor Paste the clipboard data starting from the selected cell

Select multiple cells with the cell cursor Paste the clipboard data starting from the first (top left) cell

Locate the editing cursor inside the edit Paste the clipboard data at the editing cursor box location in matrix format

13-4-11 Editing Cell Contents

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The following shows how cell data is converted to a matrix format when pasted into the edit box.

13-4-12 Editing Cell Contents

Select the cell where you want to insert the text (A6 in this example), and then tap inside the edit box.

Tap [Edit], and then [Paste].

To view the matrix as text, tap the cell (A6) and then A.

To view the matrix as 2D, tap u to change data types.

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13-4-13 Editing Cell Contents

Specifying Text or Calculation as the Data Type for a Particular Cell

A simple toolbar button operation lets you specify that the data contained in the currently selected cell or cells should be treated as either text or calculation data. The following shows how the specified data type affects how a calculation expression is handled when it is input into a cell.

When this data type is Inputting this into the cell:

Causes this to be specified: displayed:

Text u =2+2 4

(toolbar button for text) 2+2 2+2

Calculation < =2+2 4

(toolbar button for math) 2+2 4

Important! Unless noted otherwise, all of the input examples in this chapter assume that input is being

performed into a cell for which text is specified as the data type. Because of this, calcula- tions that evaluate will be preceded with an equal sign (=).

uClassPad Operation (1) Select the cell(s) whose data type you want to specify.

See Selecting Cells on page 13-3-5 for information about selecting cells.

(2) On the toolbar, tap the third button from the left (u / <) to toggle the data type between text and calculation.

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Using Drag and Drop to Copy Cell Data within a Spreadsheet

You can also copy data from one cell to another within a spreadsheet using drag and drop. If the destination cell already contains data, it is replaced with the newly dropped data. When performing this operation, you can drag and drop between cells, or from one location

to another within the edit box only. You cannot drag and drop between cells and the edit box.

Important! Remember that moving cell data within a spreadsheet using drag and drop will cause all

relative cell references in the data to be changed accordingly. See Inputting a Cell Reference on page 13-4-6 for more information.

u To drag and drop between cells within a spreadsheet (1) Use the stylus to select the cell or range of cells you want to copy so it is highlighted.

Lift the stylus from the screen after you select the cell(s).

See Selecting Cells on page 13-3-5 for information about selecting cells.

(2) Hold the stylus against the selected cell(s).

Selection boundary

Check to make sure that a white selection boundary appears where you hold the stylus against the screen.

If you have multiple cells selected (highlighted), the selection boundary will appear only around the single cell where the stylus is located. See Dragging and Dropping Multiple Cells on page 13-4-15 for more information.

(3) Drag the stylus to the desired location and then lift the stylus to drop the cell(s) in place.

13-4-14 Editing Cell Contents

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13-4-15 Editing Cell Contents

Selection boundary (cursor held against C2)

kDragging and Dropping Multiple Cells When dragging multiple cells, only the cell where the stylus is located has a selection

boundary around it.

Selection boundary dropped here (A8)

When you release the stylus from the screen, the top left cell of the group (originally A1 in the above example) will be located where you drop the selection boundary.

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13-4-16 Editing Cell Contents

u To drag and drop within the edit box (1) Select the cell whose contents you want to edit.

(2) Tap the edit box to enter the edit mode.

(3) Tap the edit box again to display the editing cursor (a solid blinking cursor).

(4) Drag the stylus across the characters you want to move, so they are highlighted.

(5) Holding the stylus against the selected characters, drag to the desired location.

(6) Lift the stylus to drop the characters in place.

Using Drag and Drop to Obtain Spreadsheet Graph Data

The following examples show how you can drag graph data from a Spreadsheet application Graph window to obtain the graphs function or the values of the graphs data.

u To use drag and drop to obtain the function of a graph Example: To obtain the function of the regression graph shown below

(1) Input data and draw a regression curve.

See Other Graph Window Operations on page 13-8-13 for more information on graphing.

(2) Tap the graph window to make it active.

(3) Tap the graph curve and then drag to the cell you want in the Spreadsheet window.

You can now edit the regression equation in the Spreadsheet edit box and then drag it back to the Graph window.

This will cause the graphs function to appear inside the cell.

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u To use drag and drop to obtain the data points of a graph Example: To obtain the data points of the bar graph shown below

13-4-17 Editing Cell Contents

(1) Input data and draw a bar graph.

See Other Graph Window Operations on page 13-8-13 for more information on graphing.

(2) Tap the Graph window to make it active.

(3) Tap the top of any bar within the Graph window, and then drag to the cell you want in the Spreadsheet window.

This will cause the bar graphs data to appear beginning at the cell you tapped.

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13-5-1 Using the Spreadsheet Application with the eActivity Application

13-5 Using the Spreadsheet Application with the eActivity Application

You can display the Spreadsheet application from within the eActivity application. This makes it possible to drag data between the Spreadsheet and eActivity windows as desired.

Drag and Drop

After you open Spreadsheet within eActivity, you can drag and drop information between the two application windows.

Example 1: To drag the contents of a single cell from the Spreadsheet window to the eActivity window

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap m to display the application menu, and then tap A to start the eActivity

application.

(2) From the eActivity application menu, tap [Insert] and then [Spreadsheet].

This inserts a Spreadsheet data strip, and displays the Spreadsheet window in the lower half of the screen.

Note that a Spreadsheet data strip works the same way as the Spreadsheet.

(3) Input the text or value you want into the Spreadsheet window.

Spreadsheet data strip

Spreadsheet window

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13-5-2 Using the Spreadsheet Application with the eActivity Application

(4) Select the cell you want and drag it to the first available line in the eActivity window.

This inserts the contents of the cell in the eActivity window.

(5) You can now experiment with the data in the eActivity window.

Example 2: To drag a calculation expression from the Spreadsheet edit box to the eActivity window

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap m to display the application menu, and then tap A to start the eActivity

application.

(2) From the eActivity application menu, tap [Insert] and then [Spreadsheet].

This inserts a Spreadsheet data strip, and displays the Spreadsheet window in the lower half of the screen.

(3) Select a Spreadsheet cell and input the expression you want.

(4) Tap the edit box to select (highlight) all of the contents of the edit box.

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13-5-3 Using the Spreadsheet Application with the eActivity Application

(5) Drag the contents of the edit box to the first available line in the eActivity window.

This inserts the contents of the edit box in the eActivity window as a text string.

(6) You can now experiment with the data in the eActivity window.

The basic operations for the following example are the same for the other examples described above.

Example 3: Dragging multiple Spreadsheet cells to the eActivity window

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Example 4: Dragging data from eActivity to the Spreadsheet window

13-5-4 Using the Spreadsheet Application with the eActivity Application

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13-6-1 Using the Action Menu

13-6 Using the Action Menu Most of the functions that are available from the [Action] menu are similar to those on the [List-Calculation] sub-menu of the standard [Action] menu.

Spreadsheet [Action] Menu Basics

The following example demonstrates the basic procedure for using functions within the [Action] menu.

Example: To calculate the sum of the following data, and then to add 100 to it

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uClassPad Operation (1) With the stylus, tap the cell where you want the result to appear.

In this example, we would tap cell A1.

(2) On the [Action] menu, tap [sum].

This inputs an equal sign and the [sum] function into the edit box.

13-6-2 Using the Action Menu

(3) Use the stylus to drag across the range of data cells from A7 to C12 to select them.

A7:C12 appears to the right of the open parenthesis of the [sum] function.

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(4) Tap the s button to the right of the edit box.

This automatically closes the parentheses, calculates the sum of the values in the selected range, and displays the result in cell A1.

You could skip this step and input the closing parentheses by pressing the ) key on the keypad, if you want.

13-6-3 Using the Action Menu

(5) Tap the edit box to activate it again, and then tap to the right of the last parenthesis.

(6) Press the + key and then input 100.

(7) Tap the s button to the right of the edit box.

This calculates the result and displays it in cell A1.

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Action Menu Functions

This section describes how to use each function in the [Action] menu. Please note that start cell:end cell is equivalent to entering a list.

u min Function: Returns the lowest value contained in the range of specified cells.

Syntax: min(start cell[:end cell][,start cell[:end cell]] / [,value])

Example: To determine the lowest value in the block whose upper left corner is located at A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the result in cell A1:

u max Function: Returns the greatest value contained in the range of specified cells.

Syntax: max(start cell[:end cell][,start cell[:end cell]] / [,value])

Example: To determine the greatest value in the block whose upper left corner is located at A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the result in cell A1:

13-6-4 Using the Action Menu

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u mean Function: Returns the mean of the values contained in the range of specified cells.

Syntax: mean(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell])

Example: To determine the mean of the values in the block whose upper left corner is located at A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the result in cell A1:

13-6-5 Using the Action Menu

u median Function: Returns the median of the values contained in the range of specified cells.

Syntax: median(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell])

Example: To determine the median of the values in the block whose upper left corner is located at A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the result in cell A1:

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u mode Function: Returns the mode of the values contained in the range of specified cells.

Syntax: mode(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell])

Example: To determine the mode of the values in the block whose upper left corner is located at A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the result in cell A1:

13-6-6 Using the Action Menu

u sum Function: Returns the sum of the values contained in the range of specified cells.

Syntax: sum(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell])

Example: To determine the sum of the values in the block whose upper left corner is located at A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the result in cell A1:

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u prod Function: Returns the product of the values contained in the range of specified cells.

Syntax: prod(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell])

Example: To determine the product of the values in cells A7 and A8, and input the result in cell A1:

13-6-7 Using the Action Menu

u cuml Function: Returns the cumulative sums of the values contained in the range of specified

cells.

Syntax: cuml(start cell:end cell)

Example: To determine the cumulative sums of the values in cells B1 through B3, and input the result in cell A1:

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uAlist Function: Returns the differences between values in each of the adjacent cells in the

range of specified cells.

Syntax: Alist(start cell:end cell)

Example: To determine the differences of the values in cells B1 through B3, and input the result in cell A1:

13-6-8 Using the Action Menu

u stdDev Function: Returns the sample standard deviation of the values contained in the range of

specified cells.

Syntax: stdDev(start cell:end cell)

Example: To determine the sample standard deviation of the values in the block whose upper left corner is located at A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the result in cell A1:

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u variance Function: Returns the sample variance of the values contained in the range of specified

cells.

Syntax: variance(start cell:end cell)

Example: To determine the sample variance of the values in the block whose upper left corner is located at A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the result in cell A1:

13-6-9 Using the Action Menu

u Q1

Function: Returns the first quartile of the values contained in the range of specified cells.

Syntax: Q1(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell])

Example: To determine the first quartile of the values in the block whose upper left corner is located at A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the result in cell A1:

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u Q3

Function: Returns the third quartile of the values contained in the range of specified cells.

Syntax: Q3(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell])

Example: To determine the third quartile of the values in the block whose upper left corner is located at A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the result in cell A1:

13-6-10 Using the Action Menu

u percent Function: Returns the percentage of each value in the range of specified cells, the sum of

which is 100%.

Syntax: percent(start cell:end cell)

Example: To determine the percentage of the values in cells B1 through B4, and input the result in cell A1:

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u polyEval Function: Returns a polynomial arranged in descending order. The coefficients correspond

sequentially to each value in the range of specified cells.

Syntax: polyEval(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell] / [,variable])

Example: To create a second degree polynomial with coefficients that correspond to the values in cells B1 through B3, and input the result in cell A1:

13-6-11 Using the Action Menu

x is the default variable when you do not specify one above.

To specify y as the variable, for example, enter =polyEval(B1:B3,y).

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u sequence Function: Returns the lowest-degree polynomial that generates the sequence expressed

by the values in a list or range of specified cells. If we evaluate the polynomial at 2, for example, the result will be the second value in our list.

Syntax: sequence(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell][,variable])

Example: To determine a polynomial for the sequence values in cells B1 through B4 and a variable of y, and input the result in cell A1:

13-6-12 Using the Action Menu

x is the default variable when you do not specify one above.

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u sumSeq Function: Determines the lowest-degree polynomial that generates the sum of the first n

terms of your sequence. If we evaluate the resulting polynomial at 1, for example, the result will be the first value in your list. If we evaluate the resulting polynomial at 2, the result will be the sum of the first two values in your list.

When two columns of values or two lists are specified, the resulting polynomial returns a sum based on a sequence.

Syntax: sumSeq(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell][,variable])

Example: To determine a polynomial that generates the sum of the first n terms for the sequence expressed by the values in cells B1 through B4 with a variable of y, and input the result in cell A1:

x is the default variable when you do not specify one above.

13-6-13 Using the Action Menu

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u row Function: Returns the row number of a specified cell.

Syntax: row(cell)

Example: To determine the row number of cell A7 and input the result in cell A1:

u col Function: Returns the column number of a specified cell.

Syntax: col(cell)

Example: To determine the column number of cell C9 and input the result in cell A1:

13-6-14 Using the Action Menu

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13-6-15 Using the Action Menu

u count Function: Returns a count of the number of cells in the specified range.

Syntax: count(start cell[:end cell])

Example: To count the number of cells in the block whose upper left corner is located at A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the result in cell A1:

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13-7-1 Formatting Cells and Data

13-7 Formatting Cells and Data This section explains how to control the format of the spreadsheet and the data contained in the cells.

Standard (Fractional) and Decimal (Approximate) Modes

You can use the following procedure to control whether a specific cell, row, or column, or the entire spreadsheet should use the standard mode (fractional format) or decimal mode (approximate value).

uClassPad Operation (1) Select the cell(s) whose format you want to specify.

See Selecting Cells on page 13-3-5 for information about selecting cells.

(2) On the toolbar, tap the left button (, / .) to toggle between the standard mode and the decimal mode.

Plain Text and Bold Text

Use the following procedure to toggle the text of a specific cell, row, or column, or the entire spreadsheet between plain and bold.

uClassPad Operation (1) Select the cell(s) whose text setting you want to specify.

See Selecting Cells on page 13-3-5 for information about selecting cells.

(2) On the toolbar, tap the M / B button to toggle between bold and plain text.

Text and Calculation Data Types

Make use of the following procedure to toggle a specific cell, row, or column, or the entire spreadsheet for either text or calculation data types.

uClassPad Operation (1) Select the cell(s) whose format you want to specify.

See Selecting Cells on page 13-3-5 for information about selecting cells.

(2) On the toolbar, tap the u / < button to toggle between Text Input mode and Calculation Input mode.

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Text Alignment

With the following procedure, you can specify justified, align left, center, or align right for a specific cell, row, or column, or the entire spreadsheet.

uClassPad Operation (1) Select the cell(s) whose alignment setting you want to specify.

See Selecting Cells on page 13-3-5 for information about selecting cells.

(2) On the toolbar, tap the down arrow button next to the [ button.

(3) On the button menu that appears, tap the text alignment option you want to use.

For this type of alignment: Tap this option:

Left and right justified [

Left p

Center x

Right ]

Number Format

Use the following procedure to specify the number format (Normal 1, Normal 2, Fix 0 9, Sci 0 9) of a specific cell, row, or column, or the entire spreadsheet.

uClassPad Operation (1) Select the cell(s) whose number format setting you want to specify.

See Selecting Cells on page 13-3-5 for information about selecting cells.

(2) On the [Edit] menu, tap [Number Format].

(3) On the dialog box that appears, select the number format you want to use.

(4) Tap [OK].

13-7-2 Formatting Cells and Data

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Changing the Width of a Column

There are three different methods you can use to control the width of a column: dragging with the stylus, using the [Column Width] command, or using the [AutoFit Selection] command.

u To change the width of a column using the stylus Use the stylus to drag the edge of a column header left or right until it is the desired width.

u To change the width of a column using the Column Width command (1) Tap any cell in the column whose width you want to change.

You could also drag the stylus to select multiple columns, if you want.

(2) On the [Edit] menu, tap [Column Width].

13-7-3 Formatting Cells and Data

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(3) On the dialog box that appears, enter a value in the [Width] box to specify the desired width of the column in pixels.

You can also use the [Range] box to specify a different column from the one you selected in step (1) above, or a range of columns. Entering B1:D1 in the [Range] box, for example, will change columns B, C, and D to the width you specify.

(4) After everything is the way you want, tap [OK] to change the column width.

u To change the width of a column using the AutoFit Selection command

Example: To use [AutoFit Selection] to adjust the column width to display the value 1234567890

(1) Tap a cell and input the value.

Since the value is too long to fit in the cell, it is converted automatically to exponential format. Notice, however, that the entire value appears in the edit box.

(2) Select the cell you want to auto fit.

You can also select a range of cells in the same column or an entire column. In this case, the column width is adjusted to fit the largest data value in the column.

You can also select a range of cells or an entire row. In this case, each column width is adjusted to fit the largest data in its column.

13-7-4 Formatting Cells and Data

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(3) On the [Edit] menu, tap [AutoFit Selection].

This causes the column width to be adjusted automatically so the entire value can be displayed.

Note that [AutoFit Selection] also will reduce the width of a column, if applicable. The following shows what happens when [AutoFit Selection] is executed while a cell that contains a single digit is selected.

13-7-5 Formatting Cells and Data

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13-8-1 Graphing

13-8 Graphing The Spreadsheet application lets you draw a variety of different graphs for analyzing data. You can combine line and column graphs, and the interactive editing feature lets you change a graph by dragging its points on the display.

Graph Menu

After selecting data on the spreadsheet, use the [Graph] menu to select the type of graph you want to draw. You can also use the [Graph] menu to specify whether to graph data by column or row. The following explains each of the [Graph] menu commands, and shows examples of what happens to the Graph window when you execute a command.

Note The following examples show the appearance of graph screens after tapping r on the

icon panel so the Graph window fills the entire screen. Each command is followed by a button in parentheses to show the graph toolbar button

that performs the same action as the command.

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u [Graph] - [Line] - [Clustered] ( D )

u [Graph] - [Line] - [Stacked] ( F )

13-8-2 Graphing

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u [Graph] - [Line] - [100% Stacked] ( G )

u [Graph] - [Column] - [Clustered] ( H )

13-8-3 Graphing

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u [Graph] - [Column] - [Stacked] ( J )

u [Graph] - [Column] - [100% Stacked] ( K )

13-8-4 Graphing

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u [Graph] - [Bar] - [Clustered] ( L )

u [Graph] - [Bar] - [Stacked] ( : )

13-8-5 Graphing

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u [Graph] - [Bar] - [100% Stacked] ( " )

u [Graph] - [Pie] ( Z )

When you select a pie chart, only the first series (row or column) of the selected data is used.

Tapping any of the sections of a pie graph causes three values to appear at the bottom of the screen: the cell location, a data value for the section, and a percent value that indicates the portion of the total data that the data value represents.

13-8-6 Graphing

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u [Graph] - [Scatter] ( X )

13-8-7 Graphing

In the case of a scatter graph, the first series (column or row) of selected values is used as the x-values for all plots. The other selected values are used as the y-value for each of the plots. This means if you select four columns of data (like Columns A, B, C, and D), for example, there will be three different plot point types: (A, B), (A, C), and (A, D).

Scatter graphs initially have plotted points only. You can add lines by selecting [Lines] on the [View] menu.

u [Graph] - [Row Series] Selecting this option treats each row as a set of data. The value in each column is plotted as a vertical axis value. The following shows a graph of the same data as the above example, except this time [Row Series] is selected.

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u [Graph] - [Column Series] Selecting this option treats each column as a separate set of data. The value in each row is plotted as a vertical axis value. The following shows a typical clustered column graph while [Column Series] is selected, and the data that produced it.

Graph Window Menus and Toolbar

The following describes the special menus and toolbar that appears whenever the Spreadsheet application Graph window is on the display.

kO Menu See Using the O Menu on page 1-5-4.

k Edit Menu See Edit Menu on page 13-2-1.

13-8-8 Graphing

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k View Menu Many of the [View] menu commands can also be executed by tapping Spreadsheet application Graph window toolbar buttons.

To do this: Tap this Or select this toolbar button: [View] menu item:

Change the function of the stylus so it can be used to select and move points on the displayed G Select graph

Start a box zoom operation Q Zoom Box

Activate the pan function for dragging the Graph T Panwindow with the stylus

Enlarge the display image W Zoom In

Reduce the size of the display image E Zoom Out

Adjust the size of the display image so it fits the R Zoom to Fitdisplay

Toggle display of axes and coordinate values on q Toggle Axesand off

Toggle line graph and scatter graph plot markers Markerson and off

Toggle line graph and scatter connecting lines Lineson and off

kType Menu The [Type] menu is identical to the [Graph] menu described on page 13-8-1.

kSeries Menu All of the [Series] menu commands can also be executed by tapping a Graph window toolbar button. All of the [Series] menu operations are available only when there is a clustered line graph

or a clustered column graph on the Graph window. In all of the following cases, you first need to tap a plot point or a column to specify which

data you want to use for the operation you are about to perform.

13-8-9 Graphing

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To do this: Tap this Or select this toolbar button: [Series] menu item:

Display a linear regression curve d Trend - Linear

Display a quadratic regression curve f Trend - Polynomial - Quadratic

Display a cubic regression curve g Trend - Polynomial - Cubic

Display a quartic regression curve h Trend - Polynomial - Quartic

Display a quintic regression curve j Trend - Polynomial - Quintic

Display an exponential AeBx regression curve k Trend - Exponential

Display a logarithmic Aln(x) + B regression curve l Trend - Logarithmic

Display a power AxB regression curve ; Trend - Power

Convert the data of the selected column to a z Lineline graph

Convert the data of the selected line to a column ' Columngraph

Important! Exponential and logarithmic regression curves ignore negative values when calculating the

curve. A message appears in the status bar to let you know when negative values are ignored.

13-8-10 Graphing

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Basic Graphing Steps

The following are the basic steps for graphing spreadsheet data.

uClassPad Operation (1) Input the data you want to graph into the spreadsheet.

(2) Use the [Graph] menu to specify whether you want to graph the data by row or by column.

To do this: Select this [Graph] menu option:

Graph the data by row Row Series

Graph the data by column Column Series

See Graph Menu on page 13-8-1 for more information.

(3) Select the cells that contain the data you want to graph.

See Selecting Cells on page 13-3-5 for information about selecting data.

13-8-11 Graphing

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(4) On the [Graph] menu, select the type of graph you want to draw. Or you can tap the applicable icon on the toolbar.

This draws the selected graph. See Graph Menu on page 13-8-1 for examples of the different types of graphs that are available.

You can change to another type of graph at any time by selecting the graph type you want on the [Type] menu. Or you can tap the applicable icon on the toolbar.

13-8-12 Graphing

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Other Graph Window Operations

This section provides more details about the types of operations you can perform while the Graph window is on the display.

u To show or hide lines and markers (1) While a line graph or a scatter graph is on the Graph window, tap the [View] menu.

(2) Tap the [Markers] or [Lines] item to toggle it between show (checkbox selected) and hide (checkbox cleared).

Lines and markers both turned on

Lines turned on, markers hidden

13-8-13 Graphing

Markers turned on, lines hidden

Line and scatter graphs can have markers only, lines only, or both markers and lines. You cannot turn off both markers and lines at the same time.

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u To change a line in a clustered line graph to a column graph (1) Draw the clustered line graph.

(2) With the stylus, tap any data point on the line you wish to change to a column graph.

(3) On the [Series] menu, tap [Column].

13-8-14 Graphing

You could also tap the down arrow button next to the third tool button from the left, and then tap '.

You can change more than one line to a column graph, if you want.

You can change a column graph back to a line graph by selecting one of its columns and tapping [Line] on the [Series] menu.

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u To change a column in a clustered column graph to a line (1) Draw the clustered column graph.

(2) With the stylus, tap any one of the columns you wish to change to a line graph.

(3) On the [Series] menu, tap [Line].

You could also tap the down arrow button next to the third tool button from the left, and then tap z.

You can change more than one column to a line graph, if you want.

You can change a line graph back to a column graph by selecting one of its data points and tapping [Column] on the [Series] menu.

13-8-15 Graphing

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u To display a regression curve (1) Draw a clustered line graph or clustered column graph.

A regression curve can be drawn for a line, column, or scatter graph only.

The above shows a stacked line graph.

(2) With the stylus, tap any point of the data for which you want to draw the regression curve.

(3) Use the [Series] menu to select the type of regression curve you want.

You could also tap the down arrow button next to the third tool button from the left, and tap an icon to select the regression curve type.

See Series Menu on page 13-8-9 for information about regression curve types.

Here, we will select quartic regression.

13-8-16 Graphing

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Tapping the regression curve selects it and displays its equation in the status bar.

You can drag and drop the regression curve to a cell or the edit box in the Spreadsheet window.

13-8-17 Graphing

To delete all displayed regression curves, select [Clear All] on the [Edit] menu.

Note that regression curves are also deleted automatically if you change to another graph style.

This causes the applicable regression curve to appear in the Graph window.

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13-8-18 Graphing

u To find out the percentage of data for each pie graph section (1) While the display is split between the pie graph and the Spreadsheet windows, tap the

pie graph to select it.

(2) On the [Edit] menu, tap [Copy].

(3) Tap the Spreadsheet window to make it active.

(4) Tap the cell where you want to paste the data.

The cell you tap will be the upper left cell of the group of cells that will be pasted.

(5) On the [Edit] menu, tap [Paste].

This pastes two columns of values. The numbers in the left column are pie graph section numbers. The values in the right column are the percentages that the data in each section of the pie graph represents.

u To change View Window settings (1) While a graph is on the Graph window, tap O, [Settings], and then [View Window].

This displays the current View Window settings.

(2) Change the View Window settings, if you want.

See Configuring View Window Parameters for the Graph Window on page 3-2-1 for information about using the View Window.

(3) After the settings are the way you want, tap [OK] to apply them.

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u To change the appearance of the axes While a graph is on the Graph window, select [Toggle Axes] on the [View] menu or tap the q toolbar button to cycle through axes settings in the following sequence: axes on axes and values on axes and values off .

u To change the appearance of a graph by dragging a point While a graph is on the Graph window, use the stylus to drag any one of its data points to change the configuration of the graph. You can change curves, make bars or columns longer or shorter, or change the size of pie

graph sections. Changing a graph automatically changes the graphs data on the Spreadsheet window.

13-8-19 Graphing

ChangesDrag

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13-8-20 Graphing

If a regression curve is displayed for the data whose graph is being changed by dragging, the regression curve also changes automatically in accordance with the drag changes.

When you edit data in the spreadsheet and press E, your graph will update automatically.

Important! You can drag a point only if it corresponds to a fixed value on the spreadsheet. You cannot

drag a point if it corresponds to a formula. You may encounter the message Insufficient System Memory to Run... if you are using a

large amount of data and formulas. We are sorry for the inconvenience. To work with larger amounts of data and formulas we recommend that you use Spreadsheet within the ClassPad Manager software on your PC.

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Chapter

14

Using the Setup Menu The [Setup] menu gives you the means to specify the display format of numeric values and the initial default values for each application, and to configure a variety of other basic settings.

14-1 Setup Menu Overview

14-2 Using the Setup Menu

14-3 Setup Menu Settings

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14-1-1 Setup Menu Overview

14-1 Setup Menu Overview The following describes each of the commands that are available on the [Setup] menu.

To do this: Select this [Setup] menu command:

Configure general calculation, cell, and other basic settings for all built-in applications Basic Format

Configure Graph window and graph drawing settings for Graph & Table, Conics, and other graphing applications Graph Format

Configure 3D Graph window and graph drawing settings for 3D Graph application 3D Format

Configure Presentation application settings Presentation

Configure Communication application settings Communication

Returns all [Setup] menu settings to their initial default values (except for the current folder setting specified on the Basic Format Default Setup dialog box)

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Some setup dialog boxes contain multiple tabbed sheets like the Graph Format dialog box. Tap the tab for the sheet that contains the settings you want to configure.

(4) Use the dialog box to configure the settings you want.

For details about the settings you can configure on each of the dialog boxes, see 14-3 Setup Menu Settings.

Some settings require specification of a variable. For more information, see Specifying a Variable on the next page.

(5) To close a dialog box and apply its settings, tap [Set]. To close a dialog box without applying its settings, tap [Cancel] or the button in the upper right corner of the dialog box.

14-2-1 Using the Setup Menu

14-2 Using the Setup Menu The following are the basic steps you should follow when using the [Setup] menu.

uClassPad Operation (1) Open any application.

(2) Tap O and [Settings], or tap s on the icon panel. Then tap [Setup].

This displays the [Setup] menu.

(3) Tap the [Setup] menu command you want: Basic Format, Graph Format, 3D Format, Presentation, or Communication.

To configure Graph Format settings, for example, tap O and [Settings], or tap s. Next, tap [Setup] and then [Graph Format]. This displays the Graph Format dialog box.

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Specifying a Variable

Certain settings require that you specify variables. If you specify a user-stored variable when configuring the setting of such an item, you must specify the folder where the variable is stored and the variable name.

Example: To use [Table Variable] on the [Cell] tab of the Basic Format dialog box for configuring a user variable

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap Oand [Settings], or tap s on the icon panel, and then tap [Setup] and

[Basic Format].

This displays the Basic Format dialog box.

(2) Tap the [Cell] tab.

(3) Tap the [Table Variable] down arrow button.

This displays a list of variables.

(4) On the list, tap Select List Name.

This displays the Select Data dialog box for selecting a variable.

14-2-2 Using the Setup Menu

Variable type Select the folder where the variable is stored.

Specify the variable name.

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(7) Tap [Set] to save your settings.

Initializing All Setup Menu Settings

Perform the following procedure when you want to return all [Setup] menu settings to their initial defaults.

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap O and [Settings], or tap s on the icon panel, and then tap [Setup] and [Default

Setup].

(2) In response to the Reset Setup Data? message that appears, tap [OK] to initialize all settings or [Cancel] to cancel the reset operation.

If you tap [OK], the settings are initialized and then a dialog box appears on the display.

For details about the initial default setting for each item, see Setup Menu Settings below.

This line shows the \ specified in step (5) (main\ab in this case). This box indicates that main\ab is selected for Table Variable.

14-2-3 Using the Setup Menu

(5) Use the Select Data dialog box to specify the folder where the variable is saved, and then specify the variable name.

The sample dialog box in step (4) shows selection of the list variable named ab, which is located in the folder named main.

(6) Tap [OK].

This closes the Select Data dialog box.

Initializing the [Setup] menu settings does not affect the current folder setting on the Basic Format dialog box. For details about the current folder, see Specifying the Current Folder on page 1-8-3.

Tip

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14-3-1 Setup Menu Settings

14-3 Setup Menu Settings This section provides details about all of the settings you can configure using the [Setup] menu settings.

The following two points apply to all of the dialog boxes.

Some settings involve turning options on or off. Selecting a check box next to an option (so it has a check mark) turns it on, while clearing the check box turns it off.

Other settings consist of a text box with a down arrow button on the right. Tap the down arrow button to display a list of available settings, and then tap the setting you want.

Important! Settings that are marked with an asterisk (*) in the following tables are the initial defaults.

Basic Format Dialog Box

Use the Basic Format dialog box to configure basic settings for calculations, cells, and other parameters.

uCurrent Folder To specify this folder as the current folder: Select this setting:

main main*

A user-defined folder Any other setting

[Current Folder] settings can also be configured using the Variable Manager. For more information, see Specifying the Current Folder on page 1-8-3.

Common Tab

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14-3-2 Setup Menu Settings

uDisplay To specify this type of numeric value display format: Select this setting:

Auto exponential display for values less than 102 and from 1010

or greater (when you are in the Decimal mode) Normal 1*

Auto exponential display for values less than 109 and from 1010

or greater (when you are in the Decimal mode) Normal 2

Fixed number of decimal places Fix 0 9

Fixed number of significant digits Sci 0 9

u Angle To specify this angle unit: Select this setting:

Radians Radian*

Degrees Degree

u Advanced To do this: Do this:

Perform complex number calculations Select the [Complex Format] check (Complex mode) box.

Perform real number calculations (Real mode) Clear the [Complex Format] check box.*

Display results as a decimal Select the [Decimal Calculation] (Decimal mode)*1 check box.

Leave calculation results as expressions Clear the [Decimal Calculation] (Standard mode)*1 check box.*

Turn off auto simplification of expressions (Assistant mode)*2 Select the [Assistant] check box.

Turn on auto simplification of expressions (Algebra mode)*2 Clear the [Assistant] check box.*

*1 Executing 1 2 in the Decimal mode produces a result of 0.5, while the Standard mode

produces a result of 12 .

*2 Executing x2 + 2x + 3x + 6 E in the Assistant mode produces a result of x2 + 2 x + 3 x + 6, while the Algebra mode produces a result of x2 + 5 x + 6.

Important! The Assistant mode is available in the Main application and eActivity application only.

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14-3-3 Setup Menu Settings

uCell Width Pattern To specify this row width for list editor and data Select this

table displays: setting:

2 cells 2 Cells

3 cells 3 Cells*

4 cells 4 Cells

udisplay

To do this: Select this setting:

Turn on display of subtotals for sequence tables On

Turn off display of subtotals for sequence tables Off*

u Table Variable To specify this Select this source for table data: setting:

Table input Table Input*

List data

uSummary Table To specify this source Select this for summary table data: setting:

View Window View Window*

List data

Cell Tab

uSummary Table f (x)

To do this: Select this setting:

Turn on display of the second derivative for summary tables On*

Turn off display of the second derivative for summary tables Off

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Graph Format Dialog Box

Use the Graph Format dialog box to configure settings for the Graph window and for drawing graphs.

14-3-4 Setup Menu Settings

Basic Tab

To do this: Do this:

Turn on display of function name and function Select the [Graph Function] check box.*

Turn off display of function name and function Clear the [Graph Function] check box.

Turn on display of Graph window pointer Select the [Coordinates] check coordinates box.*

Turn off display of Graph window pointer Clear the [Coordinates] check box.

coordinates

Turn on display of Graph window grid Select the [Grid Points] check box.

Turn off display of Graph window grid Clear the [Grid Points] check box.*

Turn on display of Graph window axes Select the [Axes] check box.*

Turn off display of Graph window axes Clear the [Axes] check box.

Turn on display of Graph window axis labels Select the [Labels] check box.

Turn off display of Graph window axis labels Clear the [Labels] check box.*

Turn on display of leading cursor during graphing Select the [Leading Cursor] check box.

Turn off display of leading cursor during graphing Clear the [Leading Cursor] check box.*

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To do this: Do this:

Draw multiple graphs simultaneously Select the [Simul Graph] check box.

Draw multiple graphs one-by-one Clear the [Simul Graph] check box.*

Turn on display of coordinates of your graph and Select the [Derivative/Slope] check its derivative in the Ordered Pair table box.

Turn off display of coordinates of Graph window Clear the [Derivative/Slope] check pointer and derivative on number table display box.*

Turn on display of graph controller arrows during Select the [G-Controller] check graphing box.*

Turn off display of graph controller arrows during graphing Clear the [G-Controller] check box.

Set Statistics application View Window settings Select the [Stat Window Auto] automatically check box.*

Set Statistics application View Window settings Clear the [Stat Window Auto] check manually box.

14-3-5 Setup Menu Settings

u Background

To do this: Select this setting:

Turn off Graph window background display Off*

Select an image to be used as the Graph window background

uDraw Type

To do this: Select this setting:

Draw graphs with plotted points only Plot

Draw graphs with plotted points connected by lines Connect*

Special Tab

The above is the same as the [display] setting on the Basic Format dialog box.

uSet Sequence

udisplay To do this: Select this setting:

Turn on display of subtotals for sequence tables On

Turn off display of subtotals for sequence tables Off*

To do this: Select this setting:

Turn on display of expressions created after graph drawing On*

Turn off display of expressions created after graph drawing Off

Require pressing of E for expression display StepDisp

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14-3-6 Setup Menu Settings

uCoordinates

To do this: Select this setting:

Display coordinate values using rectangular Rectangular* coordinates

Display coordinate values using polar coordinates Polar

Turn off display of coordinates Off

uAxes

To do this: Select this setting:

Display axes normally On

Display box type coordinate axes Box

Turn off display of axes Off*

3D Format Dialog Box

Use the 3D Format dialog box to configure settings for the 3D Graph window and for drawing 3D graphs. For full details about the 3D Graph application, see Chapter 5.

u Labels To do this: Select this setting:

Turn on display of Graph window axis labels On

Turn off display of Graph window axis labels Off*

The above is the same as the [Background] setting on the Graph Format dialog box.

u Background To do this: Select this setting:

Turn off Graph window background display Off*

Select an image to be used as the Graph window background

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14-3-7 Setup Menu Settings

The above is the same as the [G-Controller] setting on the Graph Format dialog box.

uG-Controller To do this: Do this:

Turn on display of graph controller arrows during graphing Select the [G-Controller] check box.*

Turn off display of graph controller arrows during graphing Clear the [G-Controller] check box.

Presentation Dialog Box

Use the Presentation dialog box to configure settings for the Presentation application. For full details about the Presentation application, see Chapter 11.

To do this: Do this:

Send hard copy data to an external device Select To outer device for [Hard Copy].*

Save hard copy data internally as Presentation data Select Presentation for [Hard Copy].

Specify the page change speed for Auto Play Specify a [Play Speed] value from 1 (fastest) to 10 (slowest).

Capture the upper half of the window when h Select the [Half Screen Capturing] check is tapped box.

Capture the entire window when h is tapped Clear the [Half Screen Capturing] check box.*

Turn on repeat playback of files Select the [Repeat] check box.

Turn off repeat playback of files Clear the [Repeat] check box.*

Turn on page number display during playback and editing Select the [Page Number] check box.*

Turn off page number display during playback and editing Clear the [Page Number ] check box.

The initial default [Play Speed] setting is 4.

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14-3-8 Setup Menu Settings

Communication Dialog Box

Use the Communication dialog box to configure communication settings. For full details about the Communication application, see Chapter 16.

uHard Copy To do this with hard copy data generated by Select this

tapping h: setting:

Send hard copy data to an To outer external device device*

Save hard copy data internally as Presentation Presentation data

uCable Type To use this type of cable for data Select this

communication: setting:

3-pin cable 3pin cable

USB cable USB cable*

uWakeup Enable

To do this: Select this setting:

Turn on the wakeup function (page 16-3-2) On*

Turn off the wakeup function Off

u Speed (3Pin) To specify this data rate Select this for 3-pin communication: setting:

9,600 bps 9600 bps

38,400 bps 38400 bps

115,200 bps 115200 bps*

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Chapter

15

Configuring System Settings The ClassPad units System application lets you configure global system settings and access system information.

15-1 System Setting Overview

15-2 Managing Memory Usage

15-3 Using the Reset Dialog Box

15-4 Initializing Your ClassPad 15-5 Adjusting Display Contrast

15-6 Configuring Power Properties

15-7 Specifying the Display Language

15-8 Specifying the Font Set 15-9 Specifying the Alphabetic Keyboard Arrangement

15-10 Optimizing Flash ROM

15-11 Specifying the Ending Screen Image

15-12 Adjusting Touch Panel Alignment 15-13 Viewing Version Information

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15-1-1 System Setting Overview

15-1 System Setting Overview This section describes the configuration of the System application window, and provides information about its menus and commands.

Starting Up the System Application

Use the following procedure to start up the System application.

uClassPad Operation On the application menu, tap Y.

This starts the System application and displays the Memory Usage window.

System Application Window

The [Main Memory] sheet appears first on the Memory Usage window whenever you start up the System application. You can use this sheet to find out how much memory is being used for specific tasks. Other sheets contain information about memory being used by add-in applications, eActivity, and built-in languages.

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System Application Menus and Buttons

To perform an operation in the System application, select it on the [System] menu or tap the applicable toolbar button.

To do this: Tap this Or select this button: System menu item:

Reset the ClassPad unit (which deletes all variable and program data in main memory and all eActivity ; Reset data in the storage area)

Initialize the ClassPad unit (which returns all flash ROM data to its factory default state) ' Initialize

Adjust display contrast Z Contrast

Configure power saving and auto power off settings X Power Properties

Change the display text language C Language

Change the font set > Font Select

Change the arrangement of the alphabet (abc) soft keyboard V Keyboard

Optimize Flash ROM < Memory Management

Select the image data for the ending screen that appears when the ClassPad unit is turned off N Ending Screen

Adjust the alignment of the touch panel M Touch Panel Alignment

Display software version information > Version (Software)

Display hardware version information Version (Hardware)

Details about each of the above settings can be found in the following sections of this chapter.

15-1-2 System Setting Overview

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15-2 Managing Memory Usage You can use [Memory Usage] to determine how much data is stored in the main memory and the storage area, and to delete data. [Memory Usage] appears first whenever you tap Y on the application menu to start up the Systemapplication.

[Memory Usage] contains the following four sheets.

To view this: Select this tab:

Memory usage of variable data and program data stored in main Main Memorymemory

Names and memory usage of add-in applications stored in the storage area Add-In App.

Names and memory usage of eActivity data stored in the storage area eActivity

Names and memory usage of language data stored in the storage area Language

Memory Usage Sheets

The following sections explain the meaning of each of the sheets in [Memory Usage].

Main Memory Tab

This item: Shows how much memory is used by this type of data:

Setup All setup data and other setup information (page 14-1-1)

Graph Sheet 2-dimensional function data (including sheet name data and function selection data)

3D Graph Sheet 3-dimensional function data (including sheet name data and function selection data)

See Memory Usage Sheets below for details about [Memory Usage] contents. Displayed values are all approximate.

15-2-1 Managing Memory Usage

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This item: Shows how much memory is used by this type of data:

Graph Summary Summary table data

View Window 2-dimensional View Window parameter values

3D View Window 3-dimensional View Window parameter values

Factor Zoom factor values

Table Range values and table result values

Conics Eqn Conics expressions

Sequence Sequential and recursion data (including function selection and other information), and sequence data (including initial value and range information)

Stat List list1 through list6

Stat Result Statistical calculation results

Numeric Solve Solve expression and solve range

Ans Memory Main application Ans data

Random Value Random command setting data

Main History Main application history data

User Defined User-defined variables and user-created folders

Library library folder data

eActivity eActivity application temporary data*

Geometry Geometry application temporary data*

System Other system data

Clipboard Clipboard data

* temporary data is data that is created by an application but not saved in memory.

15-2-2 Managing Memory Usage

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Deleting Memory Usage Data

You can use the following procedure to delete memory usage data.

uClassPad Operation (1) Tap the memory usage tab (Main Memory, Add-In App., eActivity, or Language) that

contains the data you want to delete.

(2) Select the check box next to the item whose data you want to delete.

(3) Tap the [Delete] button.

(4) On the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to delete the selected data, or [Cancel] to cancel the delete operation.

Tapping [OK] displays the message Now deleting... while the data is being deleted.

The above procedure deletes all of the data you selected, and updates memory usage values accordingly.

Tip You cannot delete any data that has dim in its check box.

For information about deleting all variable data and program data, and deleting all eActivity data, see 15-3 Using the Reset Dialog Box.

15-2-3 Managing Memory Usage

This item: Shows the data for this language:

Deutsch English Espaol Franais Portugus

German English Spanish French Portuguese

Add-In App. Tab This sheet lists all of the add-in applications currently installed on your ClassPad, and shows the size of each application.

eActivity Tab This sheet lists the names of all the files that have been created with the eActivity applica- tion, and shows the size of each file.

Language Tab This sheet lists language data used for the ClassPad menus and messages.

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15-3 Using the Reset Dialog Box You can perform the following operations from the Reset dialog box. Delete all variable and program data in main memory Delete all eActivity data in storage memory

uClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap Y.

This starts up the System application.

(2) Tap ; to display the Reset dialog box.

To cancel the reset operation at any time before you execute it in step (5) of this procedure, tap [Cancel].

(3) On the Reset dialog box, select the type of reset operation you want to perform.

To delete this type of data: Select this option:

All variable and program data in main memory Variable/Program

All eActivity data in the storage area eActivity Data

All variable and program data in main memory and all eActivity data in the storage area BOTH

(4) After selecting the type of reset operation you want to perform, tap [Reset].

(5) In response to the confirmation message that appears, tap [OK] to perform the reset operation, or [Cancel] to cancel.

(6) Follow the instructions that appear on the display.

15-3-1 Using the Reset Dialog Box

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15-4 Initializing Your ClassPad The initialization procedure provides you with a choice of two options. You can either clear the Flash ROM entire and return its data to the factory default state, or you can specify deletion of all user formulas and data, without deleting any currently installed add-in applications.

Warning! Initializing the ClassPad deletes anything you have input and stored in memory (including eActivity data) since you purchased the ClassPad or last initialized it. Before initializing the ClassPad, double-check to make sure you do not need any of the data that will be deleted.

uClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap Y.

This starts up the System application.

(2) Tap '.

This displays a dialog box asking if you want to retain or delete add-in applications.

(3) Tap the button next to the initialization mode you want to select, and then tap [OK].

This displays a confirmation asking if you really want to initialize your ClassPad.

(4) On the message dialog box, press E.

This causes the ClassPad to restart.

(5) Perform the touch panel alignment, contrast adjustment, display language selection, and keyboard configuration operations as their dialog boxes appear on the ClassPad display.

The application menu appears after you finish all of the settings in step (5).

For more information about the procedures you need to perform in step (5), see Replacing Batteries and Setting Up the ClassPad at the beginning of this users guide (page 3).

15-4-1 Initializing Your ClassPad

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(3) Adjust display contrast.

To do this: Tap this button:

Make the display lighter

Make the display darker

Return contrast to its initial factory default setting Initial

Tapping and holding or continually performs the applicable operation until you release the button.

(4) To close the Contrast dialog box, tap [Set].

15-5 Adjusting Display Contrast Use the following procedure to display the Contrast dialog box and adjust display contrast.

uClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap Y.

This starts up the System application.

(2) Tap Z to display the Contrast dialog box.

15-5-1 Adjusting Display Contrast

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15-6 Configuring Power Properties Use the Power Properties dialog box to configure the power saving mode and auto power off (APO) settings.

Power Saving Mode

Your ClassPad has a resume feature that remembers its status when you turn it off, and restores the same status the next time you turn the ClassPad back on. Resume feature operation requires power to operate, which means that some power continues to be consumed even while the ClassPad is turned off. The power saving mode lets you limit how long the resume feature continues to operate (and consume power) after you turn off the ClassPad unit. You can specify 1 day, 1 week, or 1 month. After the time limit you specify is reached, the resume feature is deactivated.

The following table describes the power saving mode options that are available.

To do this: Select this power saving mode option:

Turn off the power saving mode (unlimited resume time) Off

Limit resume operation to 1 day after power down 1 day

Limit resume operation to 1 week after power down 1 week

Limit resume operation to 1 month after power down 1 month

The initial default for the above setting is [Off].

Auto Power Off

The Auto Power Off (APO) feature helps conserve battery power by turning off the ClassPad unit automatically whenever you do not perform any operation for specified amount of time. You can specify 1, 3, 6, or 60 minutes for the Auto Power Off trigger time. The initial default APO setting is 6 minutes.

15-6-1 Configuring Power Properties

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Configuring Power Properties

uClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap Y.

This starts up the System application.

(2) Tap X to display the Power Properties dialog box.

(3) Configure the Power Save Mode and Auto Power Off settings.

See Power Saving Mode and Auto Power Off on page 15-6-1 for details about these settings.

(4) After all the settings are the way you want, tap [Set] to apply them and close the Power Properties dialog box, or tap [Cancel] to close without changing any settings.

Tapping [Set] or [Cancel] returns you to [Memory Usage].

15-6-2 Configuring Power Properties

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15-7 Specifying the Display Language You can use the following procedure to specify German, English, Spanish, French, or Portuguese as the display language.

uClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap Y.

This starts up the System application.

(2) Tap C to display the Language dialog box.

(3) In the list of languages, tap the one you want to use as the display language.

(4) After the setting is the way you want, tap [Set] to apply it and close the Language dialog box, or tap [Cancel] to close without changing the setting.

Tapping [Set] returns you to the application menu. Tapping [Cancel] returns you to [Memory Usage].

15-7-1 Specifying the Display Language

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15-8-1 Specifying the Font Set

15-8 Specifying the Font Set You can select either Regular or Bolder as the display font type.

Regular Bolder

Text Input

Menu

uClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap Y.

This starts up the System application.

(2) Tap > to display the Font Select dialog box.

(3) In the list of font sets, tap the one you want to use.

(4) After the setting is the way you want, tap [Set] to apply it and close the Font Select dialog box, or tap [Cancel] to close without changing the setting.

Tapping [Set] returns you to the application menu. Tapping [Cancel] returns you to [Memory Usage].

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15-9 Specifying the Alphabetic Keyboard Arrangement

The Keyboard dialog box lets you select from among three different key arrangements for the alphabetic (abc) soft keyboard: QWERTY, AZERTY, or QWERTZ. The initial default setting is QWERTY.

QWERTZ

uClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap Y.

This starts up the System application.

(2) Tap V to display the Keyboard dialog box.

(3) In the list of keyboard arrangements, tap the one you want to use for the alphabetic (abc) soft keyboard.

(4) After the setting is the way you want, tap [Set] to apply it and close the Keyboard dialog box, or tap [Cancel] to close without changing the setting.

Tapping [Set] returns you to the application menu. Tapping [Cancel] returns you to [Memory Usage].

15-9-1 Specifying the Alphabetic Keyboard Arrangement

AZERTYQWERTY

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15-10 Optimizing Flash ROM Use the following procedure to perform a garbage collection operation that optimizes Flash ROM. Optimizing Flash ROM increases the amount of memory available for storage.

uClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap Y.

This starts up the System application.

(2) Tap <.

This displays a confirmation asking if you really want to optimize Flash ROM.

(3) Tap [Yes] to optimize Flash ROM, or [No] to cancel.

After you tap [Yes], the message Now Optimizing... remains displayed while optimization is in progress. The message Complete! appears when optimization is complete.

(4) Tap [OK] to close the Complete! message dialog box.

This returns you to [Memory Usage].

Tip You can interrupt the garbage collection operation by tapping on the icon panel. Tap [OK]

on the dialog box that appears to return to [Memory Usage].

Important! Never press the P button on the back of the ClassPad while a garbage collection

operation is in progress. Doing so can damage memory, resulting in loss of all memory contents and malfunction of your ClassPad. If this happens, you will need to request repair from your CASIO Maintenance Service Provider. Note that repair of your ClassPad will not recover any lost memory contents.

15-10-1 Optimizing Flash ROM

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15-11 Specifying the Ending Screen Image Whenever you press the o key to turn off the ClassPad unit, it copies any data currently in RAM to Flash ROM, and then turns off power. The ending screen is what appears on the display while the RAM data save operation is being performed, until power is actually turned off. You can specify the image data you want to appear as the ending screen.

uClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap Y.

This starts up the System application.

(2) Tap N to display the Ending Screen dialog box.

To see this icon, you must first tap the right arrow button on the toolbar to scroll.

(3) Tap the down arrow button. On the list that appears, tap the ending screen image you want to use.

To see the list, open the drop down list near the top of the dialog box.

Tapping the [View] button displays a preview of the currently selected screen image. Tap [OK] to close the preview image.

(4) After the image you want is selected, tap [Set] to apply it and close the Ending Screen dialog box, or tap [Cancel] to close the dialog box without changing the setting.

Tapping [Set] or [Cancel] returns you to [Memory Usage].

15-11-1 Specifying the Ending Screen Image

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15-12 Adjusting Touch Panel Alignment You should adjust touch panel alignment whenever you find that the wrong operation or no operation is performed when you tap the ClassPad screen.

uClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap Y.

This starts up the System application.

(2) Tap M to display the touch panel alignment screen.

To see this icon, you must first tap the right arrow button on the toolbar to scroll.

(3) Use the stylus to tap the center of each of the four crosses as they appear on the screen.

Tapping the center of the fourth cross completes touch panel alignment and returns you to [Memory Usage].

When aligning your ClassPad try to tap the exact center of each cross.

15-12-1 Adjusting Touch Panel Alignment

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15-13 Viewing Version Information Use the following procedure when you want to view version information about your ClassPads operating system.

u To view software version information (1) On the application menu, tap Y.

This starts up the System application.

(2) Tap > to display the Version dialog box.

(3) To close the Version dialog box, tap [OK]. This returns you to [Memory Usage].

u To view hardware version information During step (2) the procedure under To view software version information above, tap [System] and then [Version(Hardware)]. This displays the Version dialog box, which shows the ClassPad processor name and other hardware information.

15-13-1 Viewing Version Information

To close the Version dialog box, tap [OK].

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Performing Data Communication You can use the SB-62 data communication cable to connect your ClassPad to another ClassPad unit or to a CASIO Data Analyzer, and transfer data between them. To transfer data between a ClassPad and a personal computer, you need to use the special USB cable that comes with ClassPad. This chapter explains how to perform data communication operations and exchange data.

16-1 Data Communication Overview

16-2 Connecting the ClassPad to Another Device 16-3 Configuring Communication Parameters

16-4 Transferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit

16

Chapter

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16-1 Data Communication Overview This section provides an overview of the types of connections that are possible, and the data that can be transferred over each connection. It also tells you how to use the Communication application to transfer data.

16-1-1 Data Communication Overview

Important! Never press the P button on the back of the ClassPad while a data communication

operation is in progress. Doing so can damage memory, resulting in loss of all memory contents and malfunction of your ClassPad. If this happens, you will need to request repair from your CASIO Maintenance Service Provider. Note that repair of your ClassPad will not recover any lost memory contents.

Connectable Devices and Transferable Data

The following three types of connections are possible.

Two ClassPad units

A ClassPad and a computer

A ClassPad and a CASIO EA-200 Data Analyzer

The following provides details about each of these connections, and describes the type of data that can be transferred over each.

k Connecting Two ClassPad Units You can transfer variable data, eActivity data, and display image data between two ClassPad units.

For information about variables, see 1-7 Variables and Folders.

For information about eActivity data, see Chapter 10 Using the eActivity Application.

For information about display image data, see Sending a Screenshot of the Current Display Contents on page 16-4-5.

u Connection Use the special SB-62 3-pin data communication cable to connect two ClassPad units. For details, see Connecting to Another ClassPad Unit on page 16-2-1.

u How to Transfer Data You can use either of the two following methods to transfer data between two ClassPad units.

Use the Communication application. See 16-4 Transferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit for details.

Use the SendVar38k and GetVar38k program commands. See Chapter 12 Using the Program Application for details.

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16-1-2 Data Communication Overview

k Connecting a ClassPad to a Computer You can perform the following operations when connected to a computer.

Transfer variable data and eActivity data between the ClassPad and a computer

Install add-in applications, language data, and operating system upgrades onto your ClassPad from the computer

Transfer ClassPad display image data to the computer

For information about variables, see 1-7 Variables and Folders.

For information about eActivity data, see Chapter 10 Using the eActivity Application.

For information about display image data, see Sending a Screenshot of the Current Display Contents on page 16-4-5.

See the ClassPad Manager Users Guide for details about add-in application installation and uninstallation, language data installation, and upgrading your operating system.

Your ClassPad may operate abnormally after you update its operating system from your computer using ClassPad Manager if the operating system you install is not compatible with your ClassPad hardware version. If you accidentally install an operation system version that is not compatible with your ClassPad hardware version, visit the following Website information about what you need to do to get your ClassPad working normally again.

http://classpad.net/

u Connection Use the special USB cable to connect the ClassPads 4-pin mini USB port to your computers USB port. For details, see Connecting to a Computer (USB) on page 16-2-3.

u How to Transfer Data On the ClassPad, use the Communication application. On your computer, use ClassPad Manager. For details, see the ClassPad Manager User's Guide.

k Connecting a ClassPad to a CASIO EA-200 Data Analyzer You can perform the following operations when connected to a Data Analyzer.

Transfer Data Analyzer setup information and sampled data to the ClassPad

Transfer variable data, eActivity data, and Data Analyzer setting information from the ClassPad to the Data Analyzer

For information about variables, see 1-7 Variables and Folders.

For information about eActivity data, see Chapter 10 Using the eActivity Application.

For information about Data Analyzer setup information and sample data, see the user documentation that comes with the Data Analyzer.

u Connection Use the special SB-62 3-pin data communication cable to connect two units. For details, see Connecting to an EA-200 Data Analyzer on page 16-2-2.

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16-1-3 Data Communication Overview

u How to Transfer Data Use the Send38k and Receive38k program commands to transfer data. For details, see Chapter 12 Using the Program Application, and the user documentation that comes with the Data Analyzer.

Using the ClassPad Communication Application

To perform a data transfer operation, tap B on the application menu to start up the Communication application.

k Communication Application Menus and Buttons The following explains the operations you can perform using the menus and buttons of the Communication application.

For details about configuring communication parameters, see 16-3 Configuring Communication Parameters.

To do this:

Select data to send Enter receive standby

Enter standby for add-in application or language data install

Enter standby for operating system upgrading

Enter standby to receive a display image from another ClassPad unit

Configure communication parameters Display hardware version information

Tap this button: E R

j

Or select this menu item:

Link - Transmit Link - Receive

Link - Install - Add-In

Link - Install - OS Update

Link - Screen Receive

Setup - Open Setup Menu

Setup - Version (Hardware)

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16-2-1 Connecting the ClassPad to Another Device

16-2 Connecting the ClassPad to Another Device

This section provides detailed explanations about how to connect the ClassPad to another ClassPad unit, to a computer, and to a CASIO Data Analyzer.

Connecting to Another ClassPad Unit

Use the procedure below to connect two ClassPad units.

k Required Hardware ClassPad: 2 units Special SB-62 Cable: 1

u ClassPad Operation (1) Turn both units off.

(2) Connect the data communication cable as shown in the illustration below.

Insert both of the plugs securely, as far as they will go.

For information about what you should do to transfer data, see 16-4 Transferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit.

Cable

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16-2-2 Connecting the ClassPad to Another Device

Connecting to an EA-200 Data Analyzer

You can use the CASIO Data Analyzer to sample and collect data on various everyday natural phenomena. You can also connect the Data Analyzer to your ClassPad, and control Data Analyzer operation from your ClassPad. You can transfer setup information from the ClassPad to the Data Analyzer, trigger sampling from the ClassPad, and graph sample results on your ClassPad.

k Required Hardware ClassPad: 1 unit EA-200 Data Analyzer: 1 Special SB-62 Cable: 1

u ClassPad Operation (1) Turn off the ClassPad and Data Analyzer.

(2) Remove the connector cover from the 3-pin communication port of the Data Analyzer, and connect one end of the data communication cable to the port.

(3) Connect the other end of the data communication cable to the 3-pin communication port of the ClassPad.

For information about what you should do to transfer data, see the user documentation that comes with the Data Analyzer.

Cable

Ready Sampling Error Batt Power

SET UP START/STOP

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16-2-3 Connecting the ClassPad to Another Device

Connecting to a Computer (USB)

By running ClassPad Manager software that comes with ClassPad on your computer, you can transfer ClassPad data to your computer. See the ClassPad Manager Users Guide for information about how to use it.

For information about ClassPad Manager minimum computer system requirements, see the ClassPad Manager Users Guide.

k Required Hardware ClassPad: 1 unit Computer (with ClassPad Manager installed): 1 Special USB Cable: 1

u ClassPad Operation (1) Turn off the ClassPad and computer.

(2) Connect one end of the special cable that comes with ClassPad Manager to the USB port of your computer.

See the ClassPad Manager Users Guide for details about how to connect the cable to your computer.

(3) Connect the other end of the special cable as shown below.

For information about what you should do to actually transfer data, see the ClassPad Manager Users Guide.

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16-3-1 Configuring Communication Parameters

16-3 Configuring Communication Parameters Before trying to transfer data with the ClassPad, you should perform the procedures described in this section to configure its data communication parameters.

u ClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap B.

This starts the Communication application and displays a window that shows its current communication parameter settings.

(2) Tap [Setup] and then [Open Setup Menu].

This displays a dialog box for changing communication parameters, like the one shown below.

(3) Configure the communication parameter settings as described below.

Items marked with an asterisk (*) are initial defaults.

u Hard Copy

Specify To outer device.

u Cable Type

When connecting to this type of device: Another ClassPad unit or a Data Analyzer A computers USB port

Select this setting: 3pin cable USB cable*

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16-3-2 Configuring Communication Parameters

The above setting specifies the data rate when connected to another ClassPad, or a Data Analyzer. Note that you must set the data rate (baud rate) for both the ClassPad and the connected device so they are identical.

u Wakeup Enable

To do this: Turn on the wakeup function (see below) Turn off the wakeup function

Select this setting: On* Off

(4) When all the settings are the way you want, tap [Set] to save them.

The Communication application window appears at this time, with the new parameters you just configured. Check to make sure the settings are the way you want.

Tip For more information about the communication parameter, see Communication Dialog Box on

page 14-3-8.

Wakeup

Wakeup is a function that automatically puts the ClassPad into data communication standby whenever the ClassPad detects data coming in from a connected external device, or when a USB cable is attached to the ClassPad. You can turn wakeup on or off with the [Wakeup Enable] setting on the Communication dialog box described on page14-3-8. What happens when wakeup is turned on depends on the type of device connected to the ClassPad.

kWhen connected to another ClassPad unit When the sending device performs a data send operation, the receiver devices wakeup function activates and data receive is performed automatically. The receiver device operates normally as long as no data is being received. In this configuration, wakeup does not operate on the receiver device when any one of the following three conditions exists.

When any setting other than 3pin cable is selected for [Cable Type] on the Communication dialog box.

When any ongoing calculation or graphing operation is being performed. Wakeup activates when the ongoing operation is complete.

When the ClassPad is completely powered down. For details, see 1-2 Turning Power On and Off

u Speed (3Pin)

To specify this data rate for 3-pin communication: 9600 bps 38400 bps 115200 bps

Select this setting: 9600 bps 38400 bps 115200 bps*

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16-3-3 Configuring Communication Parameters

kWhen connected to a computers USB port Wakeup activates as soon as you connect the cable to the ClassPad, and the ClassPad automatically performs the following steps.

(1) If the ClassPad is off when the cable is connected, it turns on.

(2) The currently running application is exited, and the Communication application starts up.

If the Communication application is already running at this time, it restarts.

(3) The ClassPad enters communication standby.

For information about what you should do to actually transfer data, see the ClassPad Manager Users Guide.

In this configuration, wakeup does not operate when any one of the following conditions exists.

When any setting other than USB cable is selected for [Cable Type] on the Communica- tion dialog box.

When any ongoing calculation or graphing operation is being performed. Wakeup activates when the ongoing operation is complete.

When the ClassPad is completely powered down. For details, see 1-2 Turning Power On and Off .

Note that wakeup does not activate in the case of add-in application or language data installation, or upgrading of the operating system.

Important! Connecting a USB cable to the ClassPad activates wakeup, exits the currently running

application, and puts the ClassPad into communication standby. If you want to send a screenshot of the current display (page 16-4-5) or perform some other operation in which you want the currently running application to remain running, use the O menus [Setup] command to turn off wakeup (Wakeup Enable: Off).

Wakeup may not work properly when both an SB-62 cable and a USB cable are connected to the ClassPad.

For about five seconds after the display image disappears from the ClassPad screen when you turn off power, do not connect a cable to or disconnect a cable from the ClassPad. If you do, it can cause the wakeup function to operate abnormally.

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16-4-1 Transferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit

16-4 Transferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit This section details the steps you should perform in order to transfer data from one ClassPad unit to another.

u ClassPad Operation (1) Use the procedure under Connecting to Another ClassPad Unit on page 16-2-1 to

connect the two units.

(2) Use the procedure under 16-3 Configuring Communication Parameters to configure the parameters of the two units as shown below.

Cable Type: 3pin cable Speed (3Pin): 115200 bps Wakeup Enable: On

If the speed settings of the two ClassPad units are different from each other, the slower setting is used.

The remaining steps of this procedure are marked Sender to indicate steps and information that apply to the sending device, or Receiver to indicate receiving device steps and information.

Sender (3) In the Communication application, tap [Link], and then [Transmit], or tap E.

This displays the Select Data dialog box.

Sender (4) Select the data you want to send.

For more information, see Selecting Data for Transfer on page 16-4-3.

Sender (5) Tap [OK].

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Sender (6) In response to the confirmation message that appears, tap [OK] to send the data or

[Cancel] to cancel the send operation. Sender Tapping [OK] sends the data you selected in step (4).

Receiver If the receiving device has wakeup enabled, it automatically starts receiving the data.

Sender (7) The message Complete! appears to let you know when the send operation is finished.

Tap [OK].

This returns to the Select Data dialog box.

Sender (8) On the Select Data dialog box, tap [Cancel].

This returns to the Communication application window.

Receiver (9) The message Complete! appears to let you know when the receive operation is

finished. Tap [OK].

16-4-2 Transferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit

Important! When wakeup is turned off on the receiving device, you need to perform the following

operation on the receiving device before performing step (3): Start up the Communication application, tap [Link] and then [Receive], or tap R. This puts the receiving unit into receive standby, which is indicated by the Standby dialog box on the display.

Tip When you send a variable or data item, it is normally stored in the current folder of the receiving

device. A variable or data item sent from the library folder of the sending device, however, is stored in the library folder of the receiving device.

When you send a folder (by selecting the check box next to a folder name), the variables and data items inside each folder are sent and stored in folders with the same name on the receiving device.

If a data item with the same name as the data item being received already exists on the receiving device, the communication operation is paused and a dialog box asking whether the existing item should be replaced appears on the display of the receiving device. Tap [Yes] to replace, or [No] to cancel receipt of the data item. To terminate data communication, tap [Cancel]. If you want to replace all data items without being asked, tap [Yes to all].

If the receiving device runs out of memory, a message dialog box appears to warn you. When this happens, terminate the data communication operation by tapping [OK] on the dialog box of the receiving device, delete data you no longer need from the memory of the receiving device, and then try again.

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16-4-3 Transferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit

Selecting Data for Transfer

Perform the following steps on the sending device to select the data you want to send in step (3) of the procedure on page 16-4-1.

u ClassPad Operation (1) In the Communication application, tap [Link] and then [Transmit], or tap E to display

the Select Data dialog box.

A list that shows user folders and the main folder appears first.

(3) Select the data you want to send.

On the Select Data dialog box, select the check box next to the data you want to send.

You can also tap the [All] menu and select one of the following commands to select or deselect data.

Opening a folder in [Data Folder List] or [eActivity Folder List] displays the variables and data contained inside it, which can be individually selected for transfer. To select a variable or data contained in a particular folder, tap its folder name to open it.

(2) Tap the [View] menu and then select the data type from the list that appears.

To list this on the Select Data dialog box: User folders and the main folder Library variables System variable groups eActivity folders

Select this [View] menu command:

Data Folder List Library Application Status eActivity Folder List

To do this: Select all currently displayed items Deselect all currently displayed items Select all items in all lists Deselect all items in all lists

Select this [All] menu command: Select List Deselect List Select All Lists Deselect All Lists

Title of currently displayed list (folder name when a folder is open)

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16-4-4 Transferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit

To return to the folder list from a list of folder contents, tap I in the lower left corner of the window.

You can transfer all of the variables or data in a folder by selecting the check box next to the folder name on the data folder list or eActivity folder list.

(4) Tap [OK] to send the data or [Cancel] to cancel the send operation.

After tapping [OK], continue from step (5) of the procedure on page 16-4-1.

Data Folder List

Tap Presystm to highlight it, and then

tap it again.

This lists the variables contained in the Presystm folder.

eActivity Folder List

Tap e-Act2.

This lists the data contained in the e-Act2 folder.

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16-4-5 Transferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit

Sending a Screenshot of the Current Display Contents

Use the following procedure to send the current display contents of your ClassPad to another ClassPad unit.

Important! Screenshot transfer is disabled when either of the following conditions exists.

While a calculation or graphing operation is in progress

If a data communication operation is already in progress

u ClassPad Operation (1) Use the procedure under Connecting to Another ClassPad Unit on page 16-2-1 to

connect the two units.

(2) Use the procedure under 16-3 Configuring Communication Parameters to configure the parameters of the two units as shown below.

Cable Type: 3pin cable Speed (3Pin): 115200 bps Wakeup Enable: On Hard Copy: To outer device (Sending device only)

The remaining steps of this procedure are marked Sender to indicate steps and information that apply to the sending device, or Receiver to indicate receiving device steps and information.

Sender (3) Display the screen you want to send.

(4) Tap h.

Sender This sends the currently displayed screen. Receiver If the receiving device has wakeup enabled, it automatically starts receiving the data. The received screen appears on the display after the receive operation is complete.

Sender (5) If you want to send another screenshot, repeat steps (3) and (4).

Receiver (6) To cancel a receive standby state, press the c key.

Important! When wakeup is turned off on the receiving device, you need to perform the following

operation on the receiving device before performing step (4): Start up the Communication application, tap [Link], and then [Screen Receive], or tap j. This puts the receiving unit into receive standby, which is indicated by the Standby dialog box on the display.

Tip Note that received screenshots can be displayed, but not saved.

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16-4-6 Transferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit

Communication Standby

The ClassPad enters communication standby when you perform a send or receive operation. While in communication standby, the ClassPad waits for the other unit to send data, or for it to get ready to receive data. The following describes how communication standby affects certain ClassPad operations.

Auto Power Off (page 15-6-1) becomes disabled.

ClassPad power cannot be turned off.

If data communication does not start within three minutes after the ClassPad enters data communication standby, the message Timeout appears. When this happens, tap [Retry] to try again or [Cancel] to cancel the data communication operation.

Interrupting an Ongoing Data Communication Operation

Pressing the c key on either the sending device or receiving device during a data communication operation terminates it.

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Appendix 1 Resetting and Initializing the ClassPad

2 Deleting an Application

3 Power Supply 4 Number of Digits and Precision

5 Specifications

6 Character Code Table

7 System Variable Table 8 Command and Function Index

9 Graph Types and Executable Functions

10 Error Message Table

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1 Resetting and Initializing the ClassPad The memory of your ClassPad is divided into three parts: main memory, a storage area for storing data, and a RAM area for executing various calculations and operations. Reset and initialize restore normal ClassPad operation after some problem occurs.

RAM Reset

Perform RAM reset when the ClassPad freezes up or otherwise fails to perform as expected for some reason. A RAM reset does not affect data stored in main memory or the storage area, but it clears any data stored in the RAM area.

Memory Reset

Memory reset deletes all variable data in main memory or all eActivity data in the storage area, or both.

Memory Initialize

Initializing memory deletes all data and returns ClassPad memory to its initial factory default state.

This section explains how to perform the RAM reset operations only. The memory reset and memory initialize operations are performed using the System application. For details, see 15-3 Using the Reset Dialog Box and 15-4 Initializing Your ClassPad.

-1-1 Resetting and Initializing the ClassPad

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-1-2 Resetting and Initializing the ClassPad

PP button

kPerforming the RAM Reset Operation You should perform the RAM reset operation whenever your ClassPad freezes up or when it begins to operate abnormally for some reason. The RAM reset operation should restore normal ClassPad operation.

Important! The RAM reset operation deletes all data that is temporarily stored in ClassPad RAM.

Performing the RAM reset operation while a calculation is in progress will cause any data stored in RAM by the calculation to be lost.

Perform the RAM reset operation only when your ClassPad ceases to operate normally for some reason.

uClassPad Operation (1) Use the stylus to press the P button on the back of the ClassPad.

Following the RAM reset operation, the ClassPad restarts automatically.

(2) After the ClassPad restarts, perform the ClassPad setup operation that you perform each time you replace ClassPad batteries (touch panel alignment, display contrast adjustment, display message language selection, keyboard settings). See Chapter 15 for more information about the ClassPad setup operation.

The application menu appears after you finish the setup operation.

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2 Deleting an Application You can delete an add-in application by deleting it from the application menu or by using the [Add-In App.] Memory Usage sheet of the System application as described in Chapter 15. The following procedure shows how to delete an add-in application from the application menu only. For information about using the System applications [Add-In App.] tab, see Chapter 15.

u To use the application menu to delete an add-in application (1) Tap m to display the application menu.

(2) Tap the down arrow button in the menu bar, and then select [Additional] from the list that appears.

This displays a list of all the applications you have installed on your ClassPad.

(3) Tap s, and then tap [Delete Application] on the menu that appears.

This causes all of the icons to be surrounded by a broken line, indicating that your ClassPad is ready to delete applications.

To exit the delete operation at this time, tap on the icon panel.

(4) Tap the icon of the application you want to delete.

(5) In response to the dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to delete the application, or [Cancel] to cancel without deleting anything.

Tip Note that you can delete only add-in applications. You cannot delete any of the ClassPads

built-in applications. If you prefer to view remaining memory capacity as you delete add-in applications, use the

[Add-In App.] Memory Usage sheet of the System application as described in Chapter 15.

-2-1 Deleting an Application

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3 Power Supply Your ClassPad is powered by four AAA-size batteries LR03 (AM4).

The battery level indicator is displayed in the status bar.

....................... full

....................... medium

....................... low

Important! Be sure to replace batteries as soon as possible whenever the battery level indicator

shows (medium). Replace batteries immediately whenever the battery level indicator shows (low). At this

level, you will not be able to perform data communication or perform other functions. The following message indicates that batteries are about to go dead. Replace batteries

immediately whenever this message appears.

If you try to continue using the calculator, it will automatically turn off. You will not be able to turn power back on until you replace batteries.

Be sure to replace batteries at least once every one year, no matter how much you use the ClassPad during that time.

The batteries that come with this ClassPad discharge slightly during shipment and storage. Because of this, they may require replacement sooner than the normal expected battery life.

Backing Up Data Your ClassPad comes bundled with a special USB cable and ClassPad Manager software, which you can use to backup data to a computer running Windows 98SE, Me, XP, or 2000. The ClassPad Manager software is on the CD-ROM.

Important! When battery power is very low, your ClassPad may not turn back on when you press its o key. If this happens, immediately replace its batteries.

-3-1 Power Supply

Batteries are extremely low! Replace batteries immediately!

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kReplacing Batteries Precautions: Incorrectly using batteries can cause them to burst or leak, possibly damaging the interior of the ClassPad. Note the following precautions: Be sure that the positive (+) and negative () poles of each battery are facing in the proper

directions. Never mix batteries of different types. Never mix old batteries and new ones. Never leave dead batteries in the battery

compartment. Remove the batteries if you do not plan

to use the ClassPad for long periods. Never try to recharge the batteries

supplied with the ClassPad. Do not expose batteries to direct heat, let them become shorted, or try to take them apart.

(Should a battery leak, clean out the battery compartment of the ClassPad immediately, taking care to avoid letting the battery fluid come into direct contact with your skin.)

Keep batteries out of the reach of small children. If swallowed, consult with a physician immediately.

uClassPad Operation (1) Press o to turn off the ClassPad.

Warning! Be sure to turn the ClassPad off before replacing batteries. Replacing batteries with

power on will cause data in memory to be deleted.

(2) Making sure that you do not accidentally press the o key, attach the front cover to the ClassPad and then turn it over.

-3-2 Power Supply

P

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(3) Remove the battery cover from the ClassPad by pulling with your finger at the point marked 1.

(6) Replace the battery cover.

(7) Turn the ClassPad front side up and remove its front cover.

(8) Align the touch panel.

a. Your ClassPad should turn on automatically and display the Touch Panel Alignment screen.

b. Tap the center of each of the four cross marks as they appear on the display.

If the Touch Panel Alignment screen does not appear, use the stylus to press the P button on the back of the ClassPad.

-3-3 Power Supply

1

P

P button

(4) Remove the four old batteries.

(5) Load a new set of four batteries, making sure that their positive (+) and negative () ends are facing in the proper directions.

Be sure to replace all four batteries with new ones.

Important! It may take a little time for your ClassPad to start up after

you press the P button.

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(9) Adjust the display contrast.

a. Tap the button to make contrast darker, or the button to make it lighter.

b. After the contrast setting is the way you want, tap [Set].

Tapping [Initial] on the Contrast dialog box returns contrast to its initial factory default setting.

(10) Specify the display language.

a. On the list that appears, tap the language you want to use.

You can select German, English, Spanish, French, or Portuguese.

b. When the language you want is selected, tap [Set].

Tapping [Cancel] selects English and advances to the next dialog box.

(11) Specify the soft keyboard key arrangement.

a. On the list that appears, tap the key arrangement you want to use.

b. When the key arrangement you want is selected, tap [Set].

Tapping [Cancel] selects QWERTY arrangement and advances to the next dialog box.

(12) Specify the font set.

a. On the list that appears, tap the font set you want to use.

You can select Regular or Bolder.

b. When the font set you want is selected, tap [Set].

Tapping [Cancel] selects Bolder and finalizes the setup operation.

-3-4 Power Supply

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-3-5 Power Supply

kAbout the Auto Power Off Function The Auto Power Off (APO) feature helps conserve battery power by turning off the ClassPad automatically whenever you do not perform any operation for specified amount of time. You can specify 1, 3, 6, or 60 minutes for the Auto Power Off trigger time. The initial default APO setting is 6 minutes.

Tip From within the System application, open the System menu and tap [Power Properties]. This will

display the Power Properties dialog box.

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4 Number of Digits and Precision

kNumber of Digits Standard Mode

The following applies when the check box next to the Decimal Calculation item on the Basic Format dialog box is not selected.

Up to 611 digits are stored in memory for integer values.

Decimal values up to 15 digits are converted to fraction format and saved in memory. When a mathematical expression cannot be converted to fraction format, the result is displayed in decimal format.

Values stored in memory are displayed as-is, regardless of how [Display] settings (Normal 1, Normal 2, Fix 0 9, Sci 0 9) are configured (except when a decimal value is displayed).

Decimal Mode

The following applies when the check box next to the Decimal Calculation item on the Basic Format dialog box is selected.

Values stored in Ans memory have the same number of digits as they have when displayed. A value that is assigned to a variable has the same number of digits as defined for Standard mode values.

Values are displayed in accordance with how [Display] settings (Normal 1, Normal 2, Fix 0 9, Sci 0 9) are configured.

Displayed values are rounded to the appropriate number of decimal places.

Some applications store values using a mantissa up to 15 digits long and a 3-digit exponent.

kPrecision Internal calculations are performed using 15 digits. The error for a single mathematical expression (Decimal mode calculation error) is 1 at

the 10th digit. In the case of exponential display, calculation error is 1 at the least significant digit. Note that performing consecutive calculations causes error to be cumulative. Error is also cumulative for internal consecutive calculations performed for: ^(xy), x , x!, nPr, nCr, etc.

Error is cumulative and tends to be larger in the vicinity of a functions singular point(s) and inflection point(s), and the vicinity of zero. With sinh(x) and tanh(x), for example, the inflection point occurs when x = 0. In this vicinity, error is cumulative and precision is poor.

-4-1 Number of Digits and Precision

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5 Specifications

Calculation range:

1 10999 to 9.999999999 10999 and 0. Internal operations use 15-digit mantissa.

Exponential display range: Normal 1: 102 > |x|, |x| > 1010

Normal 2: 109 > |x|, |x| > 1010

Program capacity: 515000 bytes (max.)

Power supply:

Four AAA-size batteries LR03 (AM4)

Power consumption: 0.5 W

Approximate battery life:

230 hours (continuous display of application menu)

140 hours continuous operation (5 minutes calculation, 55 minutes display)

Auto power off:

Power is automatically turned off if no operation is performed for a specified period (user-settable as 1 minute, 3 minutes, 6 minutes, or 60 minutes). The initial default setting is 6 minutes.

Power saving mode:

Resume function can be configured to stay enabled, or to disable automatically 1 day, 1 week, or 1 month after power is turned off.

Ambient temperature range: 0C to 40C

Dimensions: 21 mm (H) 84 mm (W) 189.5 mm (D) 13/16" (H) 3 5/16" (W) 7 7/16" (D)

Weight: Approx. 280 g (including batteries)

-5-1 Specifications

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Port: 3-pin data communication port 4-pin mini USB port

For information about ClassPad Manager minimum computer system requirements, see the ClassPad Manager User's Guide.

Method: Start-stop (asynchronous), full-duplex

Transmission speed (BPS): 115200/38400/9600 bits/second (normal)

38400 bits/second (Send38k/Receive38k)

Parity: None

Bit length: 8 bits

Stop bit:

Send38k: 2 bits

Receive38k: 1 bit

Flow control: X ON

-5-2 Specifications

Data Communication

200208015 5

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

6 Character Code Table Characters from character code 257 onwards are 2-byte characters.

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

257

258

259

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305

306

307

308

309

310

311

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315

316

317

318

319

320

321

322

323

324

325

326

327

328

329

330

331

332

333

334

-6-1 Character Code Table

200208015 5

335

336

337

338

339

340

341

342

343

344

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480

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566

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568

569

570

571

572

573

574

575

576

577

578

-6-2 Character Code Table

200208015 5

579

580

581

582

583

584

585

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736

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811

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814

815

816

817

818

819

820

821

822

-6-3 Character Code Table

200208015 5

823

824

825

826

827

828

829

830

831

832

833

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839

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851

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911

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915

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927

928

929

930

931

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936

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938

939

940

941

-6-4 Character Code Table

20050501

7 System Variable Table

Name Description Input Delete Data Type Default

a0 Sequence Variable EXPR (Real Number) 0

a1 Sequence Variable EXPR (Real Number) 0

a2 Sequence Variable EXPR (Real Number) 0

aCoef Regression Coefficient a EXPR (Real Number)

acSeq Sequence Graph Trace Variable EXPR (Real Number)

an Recursion Expression Variable STR

an+1 Recursion Expression Variable STR

an+2 Recursion Expression Variable STR

an0 Recursion Internal Variable EXPR (Real Number)

an1 Recursion Internal Variable EXPR (Real Number)

an2 Recursion Internal Variable EXPR (Real Number)

anE Sequence Expression STR

anE0 Recursion Internal Variable EXPR (Real Number)

angle Angle between Line of Vision and EXPR (Real Number) 20

x-axis of 3D Graph View Window Value

angle Angle between Line of Vision and EXPR (Real Number) 70

z-axis of 3D Graph View Window Value

ans Latest Result Output by Main/eActivity EXPR/LIST/MAT/STR Applications

anStart Sequence Variable EXPR (Real Number) 0

b0 Sequence Variable EXPR (Real Number) 0

b1 Sequence Variable EXPR (Real Number) 0

b2 Sequence Variable EXPR (Real Number) 0

bCoef Regression Coefficient b EXPR (Real Number)

bcSeq Sequence Graph Trace Variable EXPR (Real Number)

bn Recursion Expression Variable STR

bn+1 Recursion Expression Variable STR

bn+2 Recursion Expression Variable STR

bn0 Recursion Internal Variable EXPR (Real Number)

bn1 Recursion Internal Variable EXPR (Real Number)

bn2 Recursion Internal Variable EXPR (Real Number)

-7-1 System Variable Table

: Possible : Not possible : No default

Items in parentheses (( )) indicate limiting conditions of corresponding data type.

Braces ({ }) indicate items that can be specified for elements.

20050501

Name Description Input Delete Data Type Default

bnE Sequence Expression STR

bnE0 Recursion Internal Variable EXPR (Real Number)

bnStart Sequence Variable EXPR (Real Number) 0

c0 Sequence Variable EXPR (Real Number) 0

c1 Sequence Variable EXPR (Real Number) 0

c2 Sequence Variable EXPR (Real Number) 0

cCoef Regression Coefficient c EXPR (Real Number)

ccSeq Sequence Graph Trace Variable EXPR (Real Number)

cn Recursion Expression Variable STR

cn+1 Recursion Expression Variable STR

cn+2 Recursion Expression Variable STR

cn0 Recursion Internal Variable EXPR (Real Number)

cn1 Recursion Internal Variable EXPR (Real Number)

cn2 Recursion Internal Variable EXPR (Real Number)

cnE Sequence Expression STR

cnE0 Recursion Internal Variable EXPR (Real Number)

cnStart Sequence Variable EXPR (Real Number) 0

ConicsEq Conics Expression STR

dCoef Regression Coefficient d EXPR (Real Number)

df Degrees of Freedom EXPR (Real Number)

dfA Degrees of Freedom for Factor A EXPR (Real Number)

dfAB Degrees of Freedom for Factor A EXPR (Real Number) Factor B

dfB Degrees of Freedom for Factor B EXPR (Real Number)

dfErr Degrees of Freedom for Error EXPR (Real Number)

eCoef Regression Coefficient e EXPR (Real Number)

Expected Expected Matrix for 2 Test MAT{Real Number}

FEnd Table Creation Variable EXPR (Real Number) 5

FResult Table Result Variable MAT

FStart Table Creation Variable EXPR (Real Number) 1

FStep Table Creation Variable EXPR (Real Number) 1

Fvalue F Value EXPR (Real Number)

FvalueA F Value for Factor A EXPR (Real Number)

FvalueAB F Value for Factor A Factor B EXPR (Real Number)

FvalueB F Value for Factor B EXPR (Real Number)

GconHEnd Graph Transformation Vertical End EXPR (Real Number) 5 Point

-7-2 System Variable Table

20050501

Name Description Input Delete Data Type Default

GconHStart Graph Transformation Vertical Start EXPR (Real Number) 1 Point

GconHStep Graph Transformation Vertical Step EXPR (Real Number) 1 Value

GconWEnd Graph Transformation Horizontal End EXPR (Real Number) 5 Point

GconWStart Graph Transformation Horizontal EXPR (Real Number) 1 Start Point

GconWStep Graph Transformation Horizontal EXPR (Real Number) 1 Step Value

HStart Start Value for Histogram EXPR (Real Number) 0

HStep Step Value for Histogram EXPR (Real Number) 1

LInterval Left Limit of Confidence Interval EXPR (Real Number)

{ } list1 Default List LIST (blank

list)

list2 Default List LIST { }

list3 Default List LIST { }

list4 Default List LIST { }

list5 Default List LIST { }

list6 Default List LIST { }

maxX Maximum Value of x EXPR (Real Number) (Statistics Calculation)

maxY Maximum Value of y EXPR (Real Number) (Statistics Calculation)

MeanSA Mean Square for Factor A EXPR (Real Number)

MeanSAB Mean Square for Factor A Factor B EXPR (Real Number)

MeanSB Mean Square for Factor B EXPR (Real Number)

MeanSErr Mean Square for Error EXPR (Real Number)

MedStat Median Value (Statistics Calculation) EXPR (Real Number)

medx1 MedMed Graph Summary Point EXPR (Real Number)

medx2 MedMed Graph Summary Point EXPR (Real Number)

medx3 MedMed Graph Summary Point EXPR (Real Number)

medy1 MedMed Graph Summary Point EXPR (Real Number)

medy2 MedMed Graph Summary Point EXPR (Real Number)

medy3 MedMed Graph Summary Point EXPR (Real Number)

minX Minimum Value of x EXPR (Real Number) (Statistics Calculation)

minY Minimum Value of y EXPR (Real Number) (Statistics Calculation)

-7-3 System Variable Table

20050501

Name Description Input Delete Data Type Default

ModeFStat Frequency of Mode Values EXPR (Real Number) (Statistics Calculation)

ModeNStat Number of Mode Values EXPR (Real Number) (Statistics Calculation)

ModeStat Mode Value (Statistics Calculation) LIST {Real Number}

MSe Mean Square Error for Regression EXPR (Real Number)

n1Stat Size of Sample 1 (Statistics Calculation) EXPR (Real Number)

n2Stat Size of Sample 2 (Statistics Calculation) EXPR (Real Number)

ncSeq Sequence Graph Trace Variable EXPR (Real Number)

nSeq Sequence Variable EXPR (Real Number)

nStat Sample Size (Statistics Calculation) EXPR (Real Number)

p Estimated Proportion EXPR (Real Number)

p1 Estimated Proportion of Sample 1 EXPR (Real Number)

p2 Estimated Proportion of Sample 2 EXPR (Real Number)

prob p-value EXPR (Real Number)

probA p-value of Factor A EXPR (Real Number)

probAB p-value of Factor A Factor B EXPR (Real Number)

probB p-value of Factor B EXPR (Real Number)

Q1Stat First Quartile Point EXPR (Real Number) (Statistics Calculation)

Q3Stat Third Quartile Point EXPR (Real Number) (Statistics Calculation)

r1()~r100() Graph Expression Input Variable, FUNC

r= Expression Type (Define)

r2Corr Coefficient of Determination EXPR (Real Number)

randResult Internal Variable Used for Calculation EXPR (Real Number) 1 of Next Random Number

rc Graph Coordinate Value Storage EXPR (Real Number) 0 Variable

rCorr Correlation Coefficient EXPR (Real Number)

residual Residual Data Storage List LIST {Real Number}

RInterval Right Limit of Confidence Interval EXPR (Real Number)

Seed Random Seed Value EXPR (Real Number) 0

SqEnd Sequence Creation Variable EXPR (Real Number) 5

SqResult Sequence Result Variable MAT

SqStart Sequence Creation Variable EXPR (Real Number) 1

Sres11 Calculation Result for StatGraph1 LIST {Real Number}

Sres12 Calculation Result for StatGraph1 LIST {Real Number}

Sres21 Calculation Result for StatGraph2 LIST {Real Number}

-7-4 System Variable Table

20050501

Name Description Input Delete Data Type Default

Sres22 Calculation Result for StatGraph2 LIST {Real Number}

Sres31 Calculation Result for StatGraph3 LIST {Real Number}

Sres32 Calculation Result for StatGraph3 LIST {Real Number}

Sres41 Calculation Result for StatGraph4 LIST {Real Number}

Sres42 Calculation Result for StatGraph4 LIST {Real Number}

Sres51 Calculation Result for StatGraph5 LIST {Real Number}

Sres52 Calculation Result for StatGraph5 LIST {Real Number}

Sres61 Calculation Result for StatGraph6 LIST {Real Number}

Sres62 Calculation Result for StatGraph6 LIST {Real Number}

Sres71 Calculation Result for StatGraph7 LIST {Real Number}

Sres72 Calculation Result for StatGraph7 LIST {Real Number}

Sres81 Calculation Result for StatGraph8 LIST {Real Number}

Sres82 Calculation Result for StatGraph8 LIST {Real Number}

Sres91 Calculation Result for StatGraph9 LIST {Real Number}

Sres92 Calculation Result for StatGraph9 LIST {Real Number}

sStat Standard Error Value for LinReg EXPR (Real Number) TTest Calculation

SumSA Sum of Squares for Factor A EXPR (Real Number)

SumSAB Sum of Squares for Factor A Factor B EXPR (Real Number)

SumSB Sum of Squares for Factor B EXPR (Real Number)

SumSErr Sum of Squares for Error EXPR (Real Number)

tc Graph Coordinate Value Storage EXPR (Real Number) 0 Variable

tLower Result of TCD Calculation EXPR (Real Number)

tUpper Result of TCD Calculation EXPR (Real Number)

Tvalue t Value EXPR (Real Number)

tmax View Window T Maximum Value EXPR (Real Number) 2 tmin View Window T Minimum Value EXPR (Real Number) 0

tStep View Window T Step Value Variable EXPR (Real Number) /60

o Mean of x (Statistics Calculation) EXPR (Real Number)

o1 Mean of Data 1 EXPR (Real Number)

x1(y)~x100(y) Graph Expression Input Variable, FUNC

X= Type (Define)

x1InvN Result of InvNorm Calculation EXPR (Real Number)

x1n1 Sample Standard Deviation of Data 1 EXPR (Real Number)

o2 Mean of Data 2 EXPR (Real Number)

-7-5 System Variable Table

20050501

Name Description Input Delete Data Type Default

x2InvN Result of InvNorm Calculation EXPR (Real Number)

x2n1 Sample Standard Deviation of Data 2 EXPR (Real Number)

xc Graph Coordinate Value Storage EXPR (Real Number) 0 Variable

xdot View Window 1-dot x-axis Value EXPR (Real Number) 0.1

xfact Factor Zoom X-factor Value EXPR (Real Number) 2

xgrid3D 3D Graph View Window Value EXPR (Real Number) 25

xmax View Window Display Range x-axis EXPR (Real Number) 7.7

Maximum Value

3D Graph View Window Display xmax3D Range x-axis Maximum Value EXPR (Real Number) 3

xmin View Window Display Range x-axis EXPR (Real Number) 7.7

Minimum Value

xmin3D 3D Graph View Window Display EXPR (Real Number) 3

Range x-axis Minimum Value

xpn1 Pooled Sample Standard Deviation EXPR (Real Number)

xscl View Window Display Range XScale EXPR (Real Number) 1

xt1(t)~ Graph Expression Input Variable, FUNC

xt100(t) Param Type (Define)

xn Population Standard Deviation of x EXPR (Real Number) (Statistics Calculation)

xn1 Sample Standard Deviation of x EXPR (Real Number) (Statistics Calculation)

p Mean of y (Statistics Calculation) EXPR (Real Number)

y1(x)~ Graph Expression Input Variable, FUNC

y100(x) Y= Expression Type (Define)

yc Graph Coordinate Value Storage EXPR (Real Number) 0 Variable

ydot View Window 1-dot y-axis Value EXPR (Real Number) 0.1

yfact Factor Zoom Y-factor Value EXPR (Real Number) 2

ygrid3D 3D Graph View Window Value EXPR (Real Number) 25

ymax View Window Display Range y-axis EXPR (Real Number) 3.8

Maximum Value

3D Graph View Window Display ymax3D Range y-axis Maximum Value EXPR (Real Number) 3

ymin View Window Display Range y-axis EXPR (Real Number) 3.8

Minimum Value

-7-6 System Variable Table

20050501

Name Description Input Delete Data Type Default

3D Graph View Window Display ymin3D Range y-axis Minimum Value EXPR (Real Number) 3

yscl View Window Display Range YScale EXPR (Real Number) 1

yt1(t)~ Graph Expression Input Variable, FUNC

yt100(t) Param Type (Define)

yn Population Standard Deviation of y EXPR (Real Number) (Statistics Calculation)

yn1 Sample Standard Deviation of y EXPR (Real Number) (Statistics Calculation)

z1(x,y)~ 3D Graph Function Expression FUNC

z100(x,y) (Define)

zc Graph Coordinate Value Storage EXPR (Real Number) 0 Variable

zLower Result of NormCD Calculation EXPR (Real Number)

3D Graph View Window Display zmax3D Range z-axis Maximum Value EXPR (Real Number) 3

3D Graph View Window Display zmin3D Range z-axis Minimum Value EXPR (Real Number) 3

zUpper Result of NormCD Calculation EXPR (Real Number)

Zvalue z Value EXPR (Real Number)

c Graph Coordinate Value Storage EXPR (Real Number) 0 Variable

x Sum of x (Statistics Calculation) EXPR (Real Number)

x2 Sum of x2 (Statistics Calculation) EXPR (Real Number)

xy Sum of xy Data (Statistics Calculation) EXPR (Real Number)

y Sum of y (Statistics Calculation) EXPR (Real Number)

y2 Sum of y2 EXPR (Real Number)

2value 2 Value EXPR (Real Number)

-7-7 System Variable Table

20050501

8 Command and Function Index

-8-1 Command and Function Index

Command/Function Form Page Command/Function Form Page abExpR Cmd 12-6-32 abExpReg Cmd 12-6-27 abs Func 2-4-5 absExpand Func 2-7-42 and Cmd 2-7-42 andConnect Func 2-7-42 angle Func 2-7-38 approx Func 2-7-5 arcLen Func 2-7-13 arg Func 2-7-15 arrange Func 2-7-44 augment Func 2-7-18,

2-7-27, 2-7-35

BinomialCD Cmd 7-11-8 BinomialPD Cmd 7-11-7 Box Cmd 12-6-33 Break Cmd 12-6-9 Broken Cmd 12-6-32 CallUndef Cmd 12-6-23 cExpand Func 2-7-16 ChiCD Cmd 7-11-6 ChiPD Cmd 7-11-5 ChiTest Cmd 7-9-10 ChrToNum Cmd 12-6-41 Circle Cmd 12-6-15 Clear_a_z Cmd 12-6-38 ClearSheet Cmd 12-6-15 ClearSheet3D Cmd 12-6-24 CloseComPort38k Cmd 12-6-45 ClrGraph Cmd 12-6-16 ClrText Cmd 12-6-6 Cls Cmd 12-6-16 colDim Func 2-7-33 collect Func 2-7-6 colNorm Func 2-7-34 combine Func 2-7-6 compToPol Func 2-7-17 compToTrig Func 2-7-17 conjg Func 2-7-16

const Func 2-4-12 constn Func 2-4-12 CopyVar Cmd 12-6-38 cos Func 2-4-2 cos1 Func 2-4-2 cosh Func 2-4-4 cosh1 Func 2-4-4 Cross Cmd 12-6-32 crossP Func 2-7-37 CubicR Cmd 12-6-32 CubicReg Cmd 12-6-28 cuml Func 2-7-23 DefaultListEditor Cmd 12-6-28 DefaultSetup Cmd 12-6-33 Define Cmd 12-6-9 DelFolder Cmd 12-6-39 DelVar Cmd 12-6-39 denominator Func 2-7-14 det Func 2-7-29 diag Func 2-7-28 diff Func 2-7-8 dim Func 2-7-21,

2-7-29, 2-7-37

DispDfrTbl Cmd 12-6-25 DispDQTbl Cmd 12-6-25 DispFibTbl Cmd 12-6-25 DispFTable Cmd 12-6-16 DispListEditor Cmd 12-6-28 DispQutTbl Cmd 12-6-25 DispSeqTbl Cmd 12-6-25 DispSmryTbl Cmd 12-6-16 DispStat Cmd 12-6-28 DispText Cmd 12-6-6 Distance Cmd 12-6-16 dms Func 2-7-7 Do~LpWhile Cmd 12-6-9 Dot Cmd 12-6-32 dotP Func 2-7-37 DrawConics Cmd 12-6-25

20050501

-8-2 Command and Function Index

Command/Function Form Page Command/Function Form Page DrawFTGCon, DrawFTGPlot Cmd 12-6-16 DrawGraph Cmd 12-6-17 DrawSeqCon, DrawSeqPlt Cmd 12-6-26 DrawSeqEtrCon, DrawSeqEtrPlt Cmd 12-6-26 DrawStat Cmd 12-6-28 Draw3D Cmd 12-6-24 dSolve Func 2-7-39 E Cmd e ^ Func 2-4-3 eigVc Func 2-7-30 eigVl Func 2-7-30 eliminate Func 2-7-41 exchange Func 2-7-41 expand Func 2-7-4 ExpR Cmd 12-6-32 ExpReg Cmd 12-6-28 ExpToStr Cmd 12-6-42 expToTrig Func 2-7-7 factor Func 2-7-4 factorOut Func 2-7-4 FCD Cmd 7-11-7 fill Func 2-7-18,

2-7-27, 2-7-35

fMax Func 2-7-12 fMin Func 2-7-11 For~To~(Step~)Next Cmd 12-6-10 FPD Cmd 7-11-6 frac Func 2-4-5 fRound Func 2-4-5 gcd Func 2-7-14 GeoCD Cmd 7-11-10 GeoPD Cmd 7-11-10 GetFolder Cmd 12-6-39 GetKey Cmd 12-6-3 getLeft Func 2-7-42 GetPen Cmd 12-6-4 getRight Func 2-7-41 GetType Cmd 12-6-39 GetVar38k Cmd 12-6-45 Goto~Lbl Cmd 12-6-10 GraphType Cmd 12-6-17 GTSelOff Cmd 12-6-17

GTSelOn Cmd 12-6-17 Histogram Cmd 12-6-32 Horizontal Cmd 12-6-17 i Cmd ident Func 2-7-27 If~Then~ElseIf~Else ~IfEnd Cmd 12-6-11 im Func 2-7-16 Input Cmd 12-6-4 InputFunc Cmd 12-6-5 InputStr Cmd 12-6-5 int Func 2-4-5 intg Func 2-4-5 Inverse Cmd 12-6-18 invert Func 2-7-6 InvNorm Cmd 7-11-3 judge Func 2-4-9 lcm Func 2-7-14 Ldot Cmd 12-6-32 lim Func 2-7-10 Line Cmd 12-6-18 LinearR Cmd 12-6-32 LinearReg Cmd 12-6-29 LinRegTTest Cmd 7-9-9 listToMat Func 2-7-20 In Func 2-4-3 Local Cmd 12-6-40 Locate Cmd 12-6-7 Lock Cmd 12-6-40 LockFolder Cmd 12-6-40 log Func 2-4-3 LogisticR Cmd 12-6-32 LogisticReg Cmd 12-6-29 LogP Cmd 12-6-23 LogR Cmd 12-6-32 LogReg Cmd 12-6-29 LU Func 2-7-31 matToList Func 2-7-28 max Func 2-7-21 mean Func 2-7-22 MedBox Cmd 12-6-32 median Func 2-7-22 MedMed Cmd 12-6-32 MedMedLine Cmd 12-6-29

20050501

-8-3 Command and Function Index

Command/Function Form Page Command/Function Form Page Message Cmd 12-6-7 min Func 2-7-21 mod Func 2-7-15 ModBox Cmd 12-6-32 mode Func 2-7-22 MoveVar Cmd 12-6-40 mRow Func 2-7-32 mRowAdd Func 2-7-32 MultiSortA Cmd 12-6-30 MultiSortD Cmd 12-6-30 nCr Func 2-4-9 NDist Cmd 12-6-32 NewFolder Cmd 12-6-40 norm Func 2-7-29,

2-7-37 normal Func 2-7-13 NormalLine Cmd 12-6-18 NormCD Cmd 7-11-2 NormPD Cmd 7-11-2 not Func 2-7-43 NPPlot Cmd 12-6-32 nPr Func 2-4-9 numerator Func 2-7-15 NumToChr Cmd 12-6-42 NumToStr Cmd 12-6-42 Off Cmd On Cmd OnePropZInt Cmd 7-10-4 OnePropZTest Cmd 7-9-4 OneSampleTInt Cmd 7-10-6 OneSampleTTest Cmd 7-9-6 OneSampleZInt Cmd 7-10-2 OneSampleZTest Cmd 7-9-2 OneVariable Cmd 12-6-30 OneWayANOVA Cmd 7-9-12 OpenComPort38k Cmd 12-6-46 or Cmd 2-7-43 Pause Cmd 12-6-13 percent Func 2-7-25 piecewise Func 2-4-10 Plot Cmd 12-6-18 PlotChg Cmd 12-6-18 PlotOff Cmd 12-6-18

PlotOn Cmd 12-6-18 plotTest( Func 12-6-19 PoissonCD Cmd 7-11-9 PoissonPD Cmd 7-11-9 polyEval Func 2-7-25 PowerR Cmd 12-6-32 PowerReg Cmd 12-6-30 Print Cmd 12-6-7 PrintNatural Cmd 12-6-8 prod Func 2-7-23 propFrac Func 2-7-5 PTBrokenThck Cmd 12-6-19 PTCross Cmd 12-6-19 PTDot Cmd 12-6-19 PTNormal Cmd 12-6-19 PTSquare Cmd 12-6-19 PTThick Cmd 12-6-20 PxlChg Cmd 12-6-20 PxlOff Cmd 12-6-20 PxlOn Cmd 12-6-20 pxlTest( Func 12-6-20 Q1 Func 2-7-24 Q3 Func 2-7-24 QR Func 2-7-31 QuadR Cmd 12-6-32 QuadReg Cmd 12-6-31 QuartR Cmd 12-6-32 QuartReg Cmd 12-6-31 rand Func 2-4-7 randList Func 2-4-7 RandSeed Cmd 2-4-8 rangeAppoint Func 2-7-14 RclGMem Cmd 12-6-20 RclPict Cmd 12-6-20 RclVWin Cmd 12-6-21 re Func 2-7-16 Receive38k Cmd 12-6-46 ref Func 2-7-30 Rename Cmd 12-6-40 replace Func 2-7-44 Return Cmd 12-6-13 rewrite Func 2-7-41 rFactor Func 2-7-4

20050501

-8-4 Command and Function Index

Command/Function Form Page Command/Function Form Page rotate Func 2-7-19 rowAdd Func 2-7-33 rowDim Func 2-7-33 rowNorm Func 2-7-33 rref Func 2-7-30 rSolve Func 2-7-40 Scatter Cmd 12-6-32 SelOn3D Cmd 12-6-24 Send38k Cmd 12-6-46 SendVar38k Cmd 12-6-46 seq Func 2-7-18 SeqSelOff Cmd 12-6-26 SeqSelOn Cmd 12-6-27 SeqType Cmd 12-6-27 sequence Func 2-7-25 SetAxes Cmd 12-6-33 SetAxes3D Cmd 12-6-33 SetBG Cmd 12-6-33 SetCellWidth Cmd 12-6-33 SetComplex Cmd 12-6-33 SetCoord Cmd 12-6-34 SetCoordOff3D Cmd 12-6-34 SetCoordPol3D Cmd 12-6-34 SetCoordRect3D Cmd 12-6-34 SetDecimal Cmd 12-6-34 SetDegree Cmd 12-6-34 SetDeriv Cmd 12-6-34 SetDispGCon Cmd 12-6-35 SetDrawCon Cmd 12-6-35 SetDrawPlt Cmd 12-6-35 SetFix Cmd 12-6-35 SetFolder Cmd 12-6-41 SetFunc Cmd 12-6-35 SetGrid Cmd 12-6-35 SetLabel Cmd 12-6-35 SetLabel3D Cmd 12-6-36 SetLeadCursor Cmd 12-6-36 SetNormal Cmd 12-6-36 SetRadian Cmd 12-6-36 SetReal Cmd 12-6-36 SetSci Cmd 12-6-36 SetSequence Cmd 12-6-37 SetSimulGraph Cmd 12-6-37

SetSmryTable Cmd 12-6-37 SetSmryTableQD Cmd 12-6-37 SetStandard Cmd 12-6-37 SetStatWinAuto Cmd 12-6-37 SetTVariable Cmd 12-6-38 Setdisp Cmd 12-6-38 SheetActive Cmd 12-6-21 SheetActive3D Cmd 12-6-24 SheetName Cmd 12-6-21 SheetName3D Cmd 12-6-24 shift Func 2-7-19 signum Func 2-4-5 simplify Func 2-7-3 sin Func 2-4-2 sin1 Func 2-4-2 sinh Func 2-4-4 sinh1 Func 2-4-4 SinR Cmd 12-6-32 SinReg Cmd 12-6-31 Skip Cmd 12-6-13 SmryTSelOn Cmd 12-6-21 solve Func 2-7-39 sortA Func 2-7-19 sortD Func 2-7-19 Square Cmd 12-6-32 sRound Func 2-4-5 StatGraph Cmd 12-6-32 StatGraphSel Cmd 12-6-32 stdDev Func 2-7-24 StepDisp Cmd 12-6-37 StoGMem Cmd 12-6-21 Stop Cmd 12-6-14 StoPict Cmd 12-6-22 StoVWin Cmd 12-6-22 StrCmp Cmd 12-6-42 StrInv Cmd 12-6-42 StrJoin Cmd 12-6-43 StrLeft Cmd 12-6-43 StrLen Cmd 12-6-43 StrLwr Cmd 12-6-43 StrMid Cmd 12-6-43 StrRight Cmd 12-6-43 StrRotate Cmd 12-6-44

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-8-5 Command and Function Index

Command/Function Form Page Command/Function Form Page

20050501

StrShift Cmd 12-6-44 StrSrc Cmd 12-6-44 strToExp( Func 12-6-44 StrUpr Cmd 12-6-44 subList Func 2-7-20 subMat Func 2-7-28 sum Func 2-7-23 sumSeq Func 2-7-26 swap Func 2-7-32 Switch~Case~Default~SwitchEnd Cmd 12-6-14 TableInput Cmd 12-6-38 tan Func 2-4-2 tan1 Func 2-4-2 TangentLine Cmd 12-6-22 tanh Func 2-4-4 tanh1 Func 2-4-4 tanLine Func 2-7-13 taylor Func 2-7-13 TCD Cmd 7-11-4 tCollect Func 2-7-7 tExpand Func 2-7-6 Text Cmd 12-6-22 toCyl Func 2-7-36 toDMS Func 2-7-8 toFrac Func 2-7-5 toPol Func 2-7-36 toRect Func 2-7-35 toSph Func 2-7-36 TPD Cmd 7-11-4 trigToExp Func 2-7-7 trn Func 2-7-26 TwoPropZInt Cmd 7-10-5 TwoPropZTest Cmd 7-9-5 TwoSampleFTest Cmd 7-9-11 TwoSampleTInt Cmd 7-10-7 TwoSampleTTest Cmd 7-9-7 TwoSampleZInt Cmd 7-10-3 TwoSampleZTest Cmd 7-9-3 TwoVariable Cmd 12-6-32 TwoWayANOVA Cmd 7-9-13 unitV Func 2-7-38 Unlock Cmd 12-6-41 UnlockFolder Cmd 12-6-41

variance Func 2-7-24 Vertical Cmd 12-6-22 ViewWindow Cmd 12-6-23 ViewWindow3D Cmd 12-6-24 VWin Cmd 12-6-37 Wait Cmd 12-6-14 While~WhileEnd Cmd 12-6-15 xor Cmd 2-7-43 xyLine Cmd 12-6-32 ZAuto Cmd 12-6-23 ZFactor Cmd 12-6-23 + Cmd Cmd Cmd / Cmd ^ Cmd 2-4-3 ^2 Cmd 2-4-5 ^(1) Cmd 2-4-5 = Cmd 2-4-11 Cmd 2-4-11 < Cmd 2-4-11 > Cmd 2-4-11 Cmd 2-4-11 Cmd 2-4-11 ! Cmd 2-4-5 % Cmd 2-4-5 | (with) Cmd 2-4-11 r Cmd 2-4-1 Cmd 2-4-1 S Cmd 12-6-8 # Cmd 12-6-8 Cmd 2-4-10,

12-6-2 " Cmd 12-6-41 Cmd Cmd 2-4-12 Func 2-4-10

Func 2-4-5 Func 2-7-10 Func 2-7-10 Func 2-7-9 Alist Func 2-7-23 : (Multi-statement Command) 12-6-2 (Carriage Return) 12-6-2

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-9-1 Graph Types and Executable Functions

9 Graph Types and Executable Functions

Zoom

Graph Type

Function

Analysis Sketch

G-Solve

Modify

Box In Out Auto Original

Square

Round Integer Previous Quick Types Trace

Cls Plot Line Text

Normal Inverse Circle Vertical Horizontal Root Max Min

Intersect

Inflection Distance f(x)2dx

dx x-cal y-cal

y-Intercept

Tangent

Dynamic Modify Direct Modify

y=

r= xt=

(Both

logarithms only)

(Both

logarithms only)

(Both

logarithms only)

During Log Graphing

During Log Graphing

During Log Graphing

: Executable : Not executable D: Executable with some conditions

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-9-2 Graph Types and Executable Functions

Zoom

Graph Type

Function

Analysis Sketch

G-Solve

Modify

Box In Out Auto Original

Square

Round Integer Previous Quick Types Trace

Cls Plot Line Text

Normal Inverse Circle Vertical Horizontal Root Max Min

Intersect

Inflection Distance f(x)2dx

dx x-cal y-cal

y-Intercept

Tangent

Dynamic Modify Direct Modify

x=

yInequality xInequality

(Both

logarithms only)

(Both

logarithms only)

(Both

logarithms only)

During Log Graphing

During Log Graphing

During Log Graphing

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-9-3 Graph Types and Executable Functions

Zoom

Graph Type

Function

Analysis Sketch

G-Solve

Modify

Box In Out Auto Original

Square

Round Integer Previous Quick Types Trace

Cls Plot Line Text

Normal Inverse Circle Vertical Horizontal Root Max Min

Intersect

Inflection Distance f(x)2dx

dx x-cal y-cal

y-Intercept

Tangent

Dynamic Modify Direct Modify

3D

Statistical - Plot Statistical Regression

(Both

logarithms only)

(Both

logarithms only)

During Log Graphing

During Log Graphing

During Log Graphing

(z-cal)

NDist LinearR MedMed QuadR CubicR QuartR

Statistical - Plot LogR ExpR abExpR PowerR SinR LogisticR

Statistical Regression Scatter xyLine NPPlot Histogram Broken

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-9-4 Graph Types and Executable Functions

Zoom

Graph Type

Function

Analysis Sketch

G-Solve

Modify

Box In Out Auto Original

Square

Round Integer Previous Quick Types Trace

Cls Plot Line Text

Normal Inverse Circle Vertical Horizontal Root Max Min

Intersect

Inflection Distance f(x)2dx

dx x-cal y-cal

y-Intercept

Tangent

Dynamic Modify Direct Modify

Statistical - Box

Conics

(Both

logarithms only)

(Both

logarithms only)

During Log Graphing

During Log Graphing

Statistical - Box MedBox ModBox

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-10-1 Error Message Table

10 Error Message Table

kError Message Table

Error Message Description A single presentation can contain up to 60 pages.

Access to Flash ROM

Argument must be a variable name

Cant Create

Cant Delete

Cant Edit

Cant Rename

Cant Transform into This Type

Circular Reference

Communication Failure

Compressed Program. Impossible to Edit.

Current Folder

Data size

Delete or store operation is invalid for program/function type

Dependent Value

Division by 0

Domain

Duplicate Name

Exceeds Maximum Length of Line

Exceeds Maximum Number of Folders

Exceeds Maximum Number of Variables

Exception Error Occurred

Failed in Undefined Window Calculation

Failed to capture. Select a presentation file to save pages.

Flash ROM! Initialize Flash ROM immediately at System application!

Circular reference exists for a variable.

You attempted to perform an operation that is prohibited for the current folder.

An argument value is outside of the specified Domain range.

A line in your program exceeds the allowable length.

The operation you are attempting creates variables that cause the maximum number of allowable variables to be exceeded.

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Error Message Description

-10-2 Error Message Table

Folder

Function has invalid variable name

Function Type

History Full

Incorrect Argument

Incorrect Jump

Incorrect Number of Arguments

Incorrect Number of Parenthesis

Incorrect Program Call

Insufficient Elements

Insufficient Memory

Invalid Bounds

Invalid Code

Invalid Data Type

Invalid Dimension

Invalid for Local Variable

Invalid in a Function or Current Expression

Invalid Name

The folder name you specified for a command argument does not exist. Or you have input the name of a folder that cannot be specified (library folder, etc.)

The expression type that is selected cannot execute a function.

The operation you are performing creates a

history entry that causes history contents to exceed the allowable limit.

A Goto command is used without a corresponding Lbl command.

There is not enough memory to complete the operation you are trying to perform.

The specified boundary conditions are not appropriate for the operation being performed.

The calculation you are trying to perform has an invalid data type as an argument.

The two lists or matrices you are trying to perform a calculation between have different dimensions.

You attempted to perform an operation that is prohibited for a local variable.

You are trying to perform a calculation using a expression that contains an illegal command (or function).

You are trying to use an improper folder name, variable name (including functions and programs), or label name.

20050501

Error Message Description

-10-3 Error Message Table

You are trying to execute a command that must be used inside of a program as a local command, outside of a program.

You are trying to specify an invalid path. This error occurs when you include a system folder in a path, when you include a system variable in a path, or when you try to specify a path where path specification is not allowed.

The command you are trying to execute has an invalid string specified as an argument.

The syntax you are trying to use is not correct.

The variable you are trying to access does not exist. This error occurs when you try to read the contents of a system variable that does not contain any data, etc.

Memory has become full during a data communication operation.

You are attempting to use a variable that cannot be used in a calculation.

Invalid Outside Function or Program

Invalid Path

Invalid String

Invalid Syntax

Invalid Table Input Value

Invalid Variable Reference

Invalid View Window Value

Locked or Protected

Maximum value needs to be larger than minimum

Memory is full

Missing

Name is up to 8 bytes

Negative Value Set in Scale

Nesting of subroutines exceeds 40 levels

No file is specified

No Formula Selected

No Functions Selected

No Sequences Selected

No Sheet Name

No Solution

No Stat Graphs Selected

No Variable

No word is specified

Non-Algebraic Variable in Expression

20050501

Error Message Description

-10-4 Error Message Table

Non-Real Result

Not a Local Variable

Not a Numerical Value Result

Not an Empty Folder

Not Appropriate Numerical Value Input

Not Found

Not Function Name or Program Name

Over 30 factors have occurred

Overflow

Page Size

Presentation file is not selected or does not exist.

Receiving Failure

Reserved Name or System Variable

Stack

Stat Calculation

Stat Graph Setting

This name already exists

Too Long Sheet Name

Too Long String

Transmission Failure

Undefined Result in Condition Judgment

Undefined Variable

Variable in Use

View Window settings for log contain a 0 or negative value.

View Window value is out of range

Wrong Argument Type

The ClassPad is in the Real mode but the value you are inputting or the result produced by a calculation is a complex number.

The variable you are trying to assign data to is not a local variable.

You are trying to delete or perform some other operation on a folder that is not empty.

The number of factors in a summary table has exceeded 30.

A condition judgment program control command has performed comparison with an undefined variable, which returns a condition judgment of Undefined.

20050501

Warning Message Description

kWarning Message Table

-10-5 Error Message Table

kLow Memory Error Processing An error occurs on the ClassPad if it is unable to reserve enough work area memory to perform a particular operation. When a low memory error occurs, any application in use at that point is shut down and an error message like the one shown below appears.

Tapping the [OK] button clears the error.

Important! To avoid loss of data, you should make it a regular habit to periodically perform the save

operation.

You may lose some of the data you are inputting with an application that shuts down due to a low memory error. When the low memory error occurs while you are using the eActivity application to create data, for example, any unsaved data you have input is lost.

Batteries are extremely low! Replace batteries immediately!

Cant Solve!

Cant solve! Adjust initial value or bounds. Then try again.

Insufficient memory for unit-to-unit communication. Delete unnecessary eActivity contents.

Only the first selected function will be done.

This operation will make your presentation files unavailable. Are you sure?

Time out. The end of condition was not satisfied.

Too Many eActivity Files

NumSolve cannot solve an expression.

The data communication operation you are trying to perform is not possible because there are too many eActivity files.

CASIO Europe GmbH Bornbarch 10, 22848 Norderstedt, Germany

Important! Please keep your manual and all information handy for future reference.

CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.

6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan

One or more of the following patents may be used in

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