Casio FC-200V 2nd Edition Calculator User's Guide PDF

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Summary of Content for Casio FC-200V 2nd Edition Calculator User's Guide PDF

FC-200V FC-100V Users Guide

E

CASIO Worldwide Education Website

https://edu.casio.com

Manuals are available in multi languages at

https://world.casio.com/manual/calc/

AEEE Ynetmeliine Uygundur

(2nd edition / FINANCIAL CONSULTANT)

In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of this product and items that come with it.

Moreover, CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever by any other party arising out of the use of this product and the items that come with it.

Unless specifically stated, all sample operations in this manual assume that the calculator is in its initial default setup. Use the procedure under Initializing the Calculator to return the calculator to its initial default setup.

The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice.

The displays and illustrations (such as key markings) shown in this manual are for illustrative purposes only, and may differ somewhat from the actual items they represent.

Company and product names used in this manual may be registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective owners.

Important! CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. makes no guarantees concerning accuracy of the contents of this manual or their suitability for any commercial purpose or other particular purpose, or concerning the accuracy of calculation results (such as financial calculation simulation results) produced by this calculator. Financial calculation rules and practices can differ

according to country, geographic area, or financial institution. It is up to you to determine whether the calculation results produced by this calculator are compatible with the financial calculation rules that apply to you.

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About this Manual This Users Guide covers use and operation of the CASIO

FC-200V and FC-100V. Operations apply to both models, except in cases indicated by the text FC-200V only.

Keycap markings indicate what a key inputs or what function it performs. Example: 1, 2, +, -, A, etc.

Pressing the SHIFT

or ALPHA

key followed by a second key

performs the alternate function of the second key. The alternate function is indicated by the text printed above the key.

(1) Keycap function: t (2) Alternate functions: 1t(VARS), St(Y)

In this manual, a SHIFT

key operation is shown as 1,

while an ALPHA

key operation is shown as S.

The following shows an example of how an alternate function operation is represented in this Users Guide.

Example:17(S-MENU)

Indicates the function that is accessed by the key operation (17) before it. Note that this is not part of the actual key operation you perform.

t Y}VARS

(2)

(1)

E-2

The following shows an example of how a key operation to select an on-screen menu item is represented in this Users Guide.

Example: 1(1-VAR)

Indicates the menu item that is selected by the number key operation (1) before it. Note that this is not part of the actual key operation you perform.

The cursor key is marked with four arrows, indicating direction, as shown in the illustration nearby. In this Users Guide, cursor key operation is indicated as f, c, d, and e.

Some examples in this manual start out assuming that the calculator is set to a particular angle unit. This is indicated by the following marks.

z : Degrees

Z : Radians

E-3

Initializing the Calculator Perform the following procedure when you want to initialize the calculator and return the calculation mode and setup to their initial default settings. Note that this operation also clears all data currently in calculator memory.

1. O19(CLR)

2. All:EXE (cf), then E.

3. E(Yes)

4. A

To cancel initialization without doing anything, press E(Cancel) instead of E(Yes).

This setting: Is initialized to this: Calculation Mode COMP

This setting: Is initialized to this: Payment End Date Mode 365 dn CI Periods/Y Annual (FC-200V only) Bond Date Date (FC-200V only) Date Input MDY PRF/Ratio PRF (FC-200V only) B-Even Quantity (FC-200V only) Digit Sep. Off Angle Deg Display Digits Norm1 STAT Off

For information about memory, see Using Calculator Memory on page E-35.

For information about shortcut keys settings, see Shortcuts on page E-94.

E-4

Safety Precautions Thank you for purchasing this CASIO product. Be sure to read the Safety Precautions before using this product to ensure that you use it correctly. Be sure to keep all user documentation handy for future reference.

DANGER Indicates something that creates the major risk of death or serious personal injury.

k Button Type and Coin Type Battery Precautions (FC-200V only)

Take care to ensure that a battery will not be swallowed accidentally. Particular care is required to keep batteries away from children.

Should a battery be swallowed accidentally or if there is a possibility that a battery has been swallowed, immediately contact a physician. Swallowing a battery can result in chemical burns, mucosal tissue penetration, and other serious problems that create the risk of death.

Warning Indicates something that creates the risk of death or serious personal injury.

k Display Screen Do not press the LCD or subject it to strong impact.

Doing so can cause the LCD glass to crack, creating the risk of personal injury.

Should the LCD become cracked, never touch any of the liquid inside.

LCD liquid getting on the skin creates the risk of skin irritation. Should LCD liquid get into your mouth, immediately rinse your mouth out and contact your physician. Should LCD liquid get in your eyes or on your skin, rinse with clean water and then contact your physician.

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k Battery Precautions Should fluid leaking from a battery get on your skin or clothing, immediately rinse it off with clean water.

Battery fluid getting into the eyes creates the risk of eyesight loss, etc. Rinse the eyes and then immediately contact a physician.

Caution Indicates something that creates the risk of minor personal injury or physical damage.

Observe the precautions below. Failure to do so can cause a battery to rupture, creating the risk of fire, personal injury, and soiling of nearby objects by leaking fluid.

Do not try to take a battery apart and never allow a battery to become shorted.

Do not charge a non-rechargeable battery. Do not expose a battery to heat or throw it

into fire. Use only the specified type of battery. Load a battery with its poles (plus (+) and

minus ()) facing correctly. Replace the battery as soon as possible after

it goes dead.

Battery Precautions

Observe the precautions below. Failure to do so can cause the battery to explode or leak flammable liquid or gas.

Use only the type of battery that is specified for this product.

Do not burn a battery or dispose of it in an incinerator, or by mechanical crushing or cutting.

Do not subject a battery to excessively high or low temperatures during use, storage, or transport.

Do not subject a battery to excessively low barometric pressure during use, storage, or transport.

E-6

Handling Precautions Be sure to press the O key before using the calculator

for the first time. Even if the calculator is operating normally, replace the

battery according to the schedule shown below. Continued use after the specified number of years may result in abnormal operation. Replace the battery immediately after display figures become dim.

FC-200V: Every 3 years FC-100V: Every 2 years

A dead battery can leak, causing damage to and malfunction of the calculator. Never leave a dead battery in the calculator.

You will be charged for malfunction or damage due to battery leakage, which is not covered by the warranty.

The battery that comes with the calculator is for factory testing, and it discharges slightly during shipment and storage. Because of these reasons, its battery life may be shorter than normal.

Do not use a nickel-based primary battery with this product. Incompatibility between such batteries and product specifications can result in shorter battery life and product malfunction.

Avoid use and storage of the calculator in areas subjected to temperature extremes, and large amounts of humidity and dust.

Do not subject the calculator to excessive impact, pressure, or bending.

Never try to take the calculator apart. Use a soft, dry cloth to clean the exterior of the calculator. Whenever discarding the calculator or batteries, be sure

to do so in accordance with the laws and regulations in your particular area.

E-7

Contents

About this Manual ............................................ 1

Initializing the Calculator ................................ 3 Safety Precautions ........................................... 4 Handling Precautions ...................................... 6 Before Using the Calculator .......................... 10 kRemoving the Hard Case .................................... 10 kTurning Power On and Off ................................... 10 kAdjusting Display Contrast ................................... 10 kAbout the Display .................................................. 11 kDisplay Indicators ................................................. 11

Calculation Modes and Calculator Setup .... 13 kCalculation Modes ............................................... 13 kUsing the Setup Screen ....................................... 13

Inputting Expressions and Values ............... 23 k Inputting a Calculation Expression Using

Standard Format .................................................. 23 kCorrecting an Expression .................................... 25 kDisplaying the Location of an Error ...................... 27

Basic Calculations ......................................... 28 kArithmetic Calculations ........................................ 28 kPercent Calculations ............................................ 29

Using Multi-statements in Calculations ....... 32 Using Calculation History Memory and Replay ............................................................. 33 Using Calculator Memory .............................. 35 kAnswer Memory (Ans) ......................................... 35 k Independent Memory (M) .................................... 37 kVariables (A, B, C, D, X, Y) .................................. 38 kFinancial Calculation Variables (VARS) ............... 40 kClearing Memory Contents .................................. 41

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Financial Calculation ..................................... 42 kSimple Interest Mode ........................................... 42 kCompound Interest Mode .................................... 44 kCash Flow Mode .................................................. 50 kAmortization Mode ............................................... 55 kConversion Mode ................................................. 59 kCost/Sell/Margin Mode ........................................ 61 kDay Calculation Mode .......................................... 64 kDepreciation Mode (FC-200V only) ..................... 66 kBond Mode (FC-200V only) ................................. 71 kBreak-Even Mode (FC-200V only) ....................... 78 kBEV Sub-mode (Break-Even Mode 1) ................. 78 kMargin of Safety Sub-mode

(Break-Even Mode 2) ........................................... 82 kDegree of Operating Leverage Sub-mode

(Break-Even Mode 3) ........................................... 84 kDegree of Financial Leverage Sub-mode

(Break-Even Mode 4) ........................................... 86 kDegree of Combined Leverage Sub-mode

(Break-Even Mode 5) ........................................... 88 kQuantity Conversion Sub-mode

(Break-Even Mode 6) ........................................... 90

Shortcuts ........................................................ 94 kCustom Shortcut Keys ......................................... 94 kFunction Shortcut Keys ........................................ 96

Function Calculations ................................... 98 kPi () and Natural Logarithm Base e ................... 98 kTrigonometric and Inverse Trigonometric

Functions ............................................................. 98 kHyperbolic and Inverse Hyperbolic Functions ..... 99 kConverting an Input Value to the Calculators

Default Angle Unit ................................................ 99 kExponential Functions and Logarithmic

Functions ........................................................... 100 kPower Functions and Power Root Functions .... 101 kRectangular-Polar Coordinate Conversion ........ 103 kOther Functions ................................................. 104

E-9

Statistical Calculation .................................. 108 kStatistical Calculation Types .............................. 108 kInputting Sample Data ....................................... 108 kSTAT Calculation Screen .................................... 111 kUsing the STAT Menu ......................................... 112

Technical Information .................................. 134 kCalculation Priority Sequence ............................ 134 kStack Limitations ................................................ 136 kCalculation Ranges, Number of Digits, and

Precision ............................................................ 137 kSpecial Financial Calculation Error Messages .. 139 kError Messages ................................................. 140 kBefore assuming malfunction of the calculator... 142

Reference ...................................................... 143 kPower Requirements and Battery

Replacement ..................................................... 143

Specifications ............................................... 146

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Before Using the Calculator kRemoving the Hard Case Before using the calculator, slide its hard case downwards to remove it, and then affix the hard case to the back of the calculator as shown in the illustration below.

kTurning Power On and Off Press O to turn on the calculator. Press 1A(OFF) to turn off the calculator.

Note The calculator also will turn off automatically after

approximately 6 minutes of non-use. Press the O key to turn the calculator back on.

kAdjusting Display Contrast 1. Press .

2. Use c to select CONTRAST:EXE, and then press E.

This displays the contrast adjustment screen. Use d and e to adjust display contrast. After the setting is the way you want, press E.

E-11

{ Input expression

Calculation result

STAT

E-1

E-37

Financial Calculation Mode

kDisplay Indicators Sample Display:

This Means this: Page:

indicator:

The keypad has been shifted by

7 pressing the 1 key. The keypad will unshift and this indicator will disappear when you press a key.

The alpha input mode has been entered by pressing the S key.

3 The alpha input mode will be exited and this indicator will disappear when you press a key.

M There is a value stored in independ- ent memory.

Important! If adjusting display contrast does not improve display

readability, it probably means that battery power is low. Replace the battery.

kAbout the Display Your calculator has a 31-dot 96-dot LCD screen. Example:

E-12

This Means this: Page:

indicator:

The calculator is standing by for input

STO of a variable name to assign a value to the variable. This indicator ap- pears after you press 1t(STO).

The calculator is standing by for input

RCL of a variable name to recall the vari- ables value. This indicator appears after you press t.

STAT The calculator is in the STAT Mode.

360 360 days in a year.

SI Simple interest for interest calcula- tions of odd (partial) months.

DMY Day, month, year (DMY) as the date format.

7 The default angle unit is degrees.

8 The default angle unit is radians.

9 The default angle unit is grads.

FIX A fixed number of decimal places is in effect.

SCI A fixed number of significant digits is in effect.

Calculation history memory data is available and can be replayed, or

$` there is more data above/below the current screen.

The display currently shows an in- Disp termediate result of a multi-state-

ment calculation.

Important! For a very complex calculation or some other type of

calculation that takes a long time to execute, the display may show only the above indicators (without any value) while it performs the calculation internally.

E-37 E-38 E-94

E-108

E-15

E-33

E-32

E-13

Calculation Modes and Calculator Setup kCalculation Modes When you want to perform Press this

Page:this type of operation: key:

Simple interest calculations S E-42

Compound interest calculations c E-44

Cash flow calculations C E-50

Amortization calculations A E-55

General and function calculations m E-28 E-98

Statistical and regression a E-108

calculations

Interest rate conversion calculations n E-59

Cost, selling price, or margin o E-61

calculations

Day or date calculations D E-64

Depreciation calculations d E-66

(FC-200V only)

Purchase price and annual yield b E-71

calculations (FC-200V only)

Break-even point calculations B E-78

(FC-200V only)

kUsing the Setup Screen The setup screen lets you configure various conditions and screen settings used for calculations. You can also use the setup screen to adjust display contrast.

E-14

A Displaying the Setup Screen There are two different ways to display the setup screen.

Pressing the s key Selecting the Set: item on

the menu screen that appears when you enter some modes.

The following are the procedures you need to perform to access and use the setup screen using the above operations.

FC-200V Important! All of the example procedures presented in this manual use the s key procedure to display the setup screen.

To display the setup screen with the s key

1. Press the s key. This displays a menu of setup items. See Setup Screen Settings on page E-15 for a

complete list of menu items. 2. Use fc to select the setup item whose setting you

want to change, and then press E. This displays a screen for configuring the setting of the setup item you selected.

3. Configure the setting you want. You can select a setting with the cursor and then press E, or you can input the number that corresponds to the setting you want to select.

See Configuring Settings on page E-16 for information about configuring each setting.

4. Press E.

To display the setup screen by selecting Set: on a mode menu

Important! The following procedure is possible only when there is a Set: item on the menu that initially appears when you enter a mode. It is not available in all modes.

E-15

1. On the menu that appears when you initially enter a mode, use fc to select Set:, and then press E. This displays a setup screen of settings that apply to

the current mode only. The content of the setup screen depends on what mode you are currently in.

2. Use fc to select the setup item whose setting you want to change. You can also select a setup item by inputting the applicable number. See Setup Screen Settings below for information

about configuring each setting.

A Setup Screen Settings

No. Setup

Description Page Screen Item

1 Payment Payment date (beginning of term/end of term)

E-16

2 Date Mode Number of days in a year E-16

3 dn Odd period interest calculation E-16

4 Periods/Y Number of payment periods per year

E-17

5 Bond Date Date or number of coupon payments specification

E-17

6 Date Input Date format E-18

7 PRF/Ratio Profit or profit ratio specification E-18

8 B-Even Sales quantity or sales amount specification

E-18

9 Digit Sep. 3-digit separator symbol E-19

0 Angle Angle unit E-19

! Fix Number of decimal places E-20

@ Sci Number of significant digits E-20

# Norm Value range for exponential format

E-21

$ STAT Statistical display E-21

% CONTRAST Contrast adjustment E-22

E-16

A Configuring Settings

1 Payment: Compound Interest (CMPD) Mode, Amortization (AMRT) Mode

This setting specifies the payment date. 1:Begin Beginning of period 2:End End of period

1. Use fc to select Payment, and then press E.

2. Press 1(1:Begin) or 2(2:End) to select the setting you want. You can also use fc to select a setting and then

press E.

2Date Mode: Simple Interest (SMPL) Mode, Day Calculation (DAYS) Mode, Bond (BOND) Mode (FC-200V only)

This setting specifies the number of days in a year. 1:360 360 days 2:365 365 days

1. Use fc to select Date Mode, and then press E.

2. Press 1(1:360) or 2(2:365) to select the setting you want. You can also use fc to select a setting and then

press E.

3 dn: Compound Interest (CMPD) Mode

This setting specifies whether simple interest or compound interest for interest calculations of odd (partial) months.

1:CI Compound interest 2:SI Simple interest

1. Use fc to select dn, and then press E.

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2. Press 1(1:CI) or 2(2:SI) to select the setting you want. You can also use fc to select a setting and then

press E.

4 Periods/Y: Bond (BOND) Mode (FC-200V only)

This setting specifies once a year (Annual) or twice a year (Semi-Annual) coupon payments.

1:Annual One coupon payment per year 2:Semi One coupon payment every six months

1. Use fc to select Periods/Y, and then press E.

2. Press 1(1:Annual) or 2(2:Semi) to select the setting you want. You can also use fc to select a setting and then

press E.

5Bond Date: Bond (BOND) Mode (FC-200V only)

This setting specifies use of either a date (Date) or a number of payments (Term) as the term for bond calculations.

1:Date Date 2:Term Number of payments

1. Use fc to select Bond Date, and then press E.

2. Press 1(1:Date) or 2(2:Term) to select the setting you want. You can also use fc to select a setting and then

press E.

E-18

6 Date Input: Day Calculation (DAYS) Mode, Bond (BOND) Mode (FC-200V only)

This setting specifies either month, day, year (MDY) or day, month, year (DMY) as the date format.

1:MDY Month, day, year 06012022 (June 1, 2022) 2:DMY Day, month, year 01062022 (June 1, 2022)

1. Use fc to select Date Input, and then press E.

2. Press 1(1:MDY) or 2(2:DMY) to select the setting you want. You can also use fc to select a setting and then

press E.

7 PRF/Ratio: Break-Even Point Calculation (BEV) Sub- mode of Break-Even (BEVN) Mode (FC- 200V only)

This setting specifies use of either profit (PRF) or profit ratio (r%) for break-even point calculations.

1:PRF Profit 2:r% Profit ratio

1. Use fc to select PRF/ Ratio, and then press E.

2. Press 1(1:PRF) or 2(2:r%) to select the setting you want. You can also use fc to select a setting and then

press E.

8 B-Even: Break-Even Point Calculation (BEV) Sub- mode of Break-Even (BEVN) Mode (FC-200V only)

This setting specifies use of either sales quantity (Quantity) or sales amount (Sales) for break-even point calculations.

1: Quantity Sales quantity 2: Sales Sales amount

E-19

1. Use fc to select B-Even, and then press E.

2. Press 1(1:Quantity) or 2(2:Sales) to select the setting you want. You can also use fc to select a setting and then

press E.

9Digit Sep.: All modes except for the STAT Mode and COMP Mode

This setting specifies what type of 3-digit separator should be used. Note that the 3-digit separator is not displayed after you specify a number of significant digits with @ Sci.

1:Superscript Superscript comma 123456 2:Subscript Subscript comma 123,456 3:Off Separator off 123456

1. Use fc to select Digit Sep., and then press E.

2. Press 1(1:Superscript), 2(2:Subscript), or 3(3:Off) to select the setting you want. You can also use fc to select a setting and then

press E.

0Angle: All modes

This setting specifies the angle unit used for trigonometric functions.

90 = radians = 100 grads

2 1:Deg Degrees 2:Rad Radians 3:Gra Grads

1. Use fc to select Angle, and then press E.

E-20

2. Press 1(1:Deg), 2(2:Rad), or 3(3:Gra) to select the setting you want. You can also use fc to select a setting and then

press E.

! Fix: All modes

This setting specifies a fixed number of digits to the right of the decimal place. Calculation results are rounded off to the specified number of digits before being displayed. Changing this setting automatically cancels any previous

settings made for @ Sci and # Norm. Specify the number of decimal places by inputting a value

in the range of 0 (round off and then cut fraction part) to 9 (nine decimal places).

1. Use fc to select Fix, and then press E.

2. Input a value from 0 to 9 to specify the number of decimal places. Example: 100 7 = 14.286 (Fix 3)

= 14.29 (Fix 2)

@ Sci: All modes

This setting specifies the number of significant digits. Calculation results are rounded off to the specified number of digits before being displayed. Changing this setting automatically cancels any previous

settings made for ! Fix and # Norm. You can specify anywhere from 1 significant digit (by

inputting 1) to 10 significant digits (by inputting 0).

1. Use fc to select Sci, and then press E.

2. Input a value from 0 to 9 to specify the number of significant digits. Example: 10 7 = 1.4286 100 (Sci 5)

= 1.428571429 101 (Sci 0)

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#Norm: All modes

This setting specifies the range that determines when display of values switches to exponential format. Changing this setting automatically cancels any previous

settings made for ! Fix and @ Sci. Norm1: 102 > x, x > 1010

Norm2: 109 > x, x > 1010

Example: 1 200 = 5 103 (Norm1) = 0.005 (Norm2)

1. Use fc to select Norm, and then press E.

2. Press 1(Norm1) or 2(Norm2).

$ STAT: Statistics (STAT) Mode, Cash Flow (CASH) Mode

This setting controls whether a frequency (FREQ) column is included in the STAT Mode DataEditor. The Cash Flow (CASH) Mode uses the same DataEditor

as the STAT Mode. Turning on display of the frequency column reduces the maximum number of data items that can be input for investment appraisal.

1:On Frequency (FREQ) column display on 2:Off Frequency (FREQ) column display off

1. Use fc to select STAT, and then press E.

2. Press 1(1:On) or 2(2:Off) to select the setting you want. You can also use fc to select a setting and then

press E.

Important! This operation clears DataEditor data. Note that data is

cleared even if you select the setting that corresponds to the current FREQ column display status. Selecting On while FREQ column display is currently turned on, for example, will clear DataEditor data.

E-22

%CONTRAST: All modes

Select this setting when you want to adjust screen contrast and make display figures lighter or darker.

1. Use fc to select CONTRAST, and then press E.

2. Use d and e to adjust display contrast.

3. Press E.

Note On a setting screen, the cursor mark displayed on the

upper right of a screen cannot be used.

A Initializing the Setup Screen Settings 1. O19(CLR)

2. Setup:EXE (fc), then E.

3. E(Yes)

4. A

To cancel initialization without doing anything, press E(Cancel) instead of E(Yes).

The calculator will automatically enter the COMP Mode after you initialize the setup screen settings.

E-23

Inputting Expressions and Values k Inputting a Calculation Expression

Using Standard Format Your calculator lets you input calculation expressions just as they are written. Then simply press the E key to execute it. The calculator automatically judges the calculation priority sequence for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, functions, and parentheses. Example: 2 (5 + 4) 2 (3) =

2(5+4)- 2*y3E

A Inputting a Function with Parenthesis When you input any of the functions shown below, it is automatically input with the open parenthesis ( ( ) character. Next, you need to input the argument and the closing parenthesis ( ) ).

sin(, cos(, tan(, sin1(, cos1( , tan1(, sinh(, cosh(, tanh(, sinh1(, cosh1(, tanh1(, log(, ln(, e^(, 10^(, (, '(, 3'(, x'(, Abs(, Pol(, Rec(, Rnd(

Example: sin 30 =

z 1. t

2. sin( (fc), then E.

3. 30)E

Some commonly used functions can also be input using a direct key operation.

Example: sin 30 =

1. 11(sin)

2. 30)E

E-24

A Omitting the Multiplication Sign You can omit the multiplication sign () in any of the following cases. Before an open parentheses (): 2 (5 + 4), etc. Before a function with parenthesis: 2 sin(30), 2 '(3),

etc. Before a variable name, constant, or random number:

20 A, 2 , etc.

A Final Closed Parenthesis You can omit one or more closed parentheses that come at the end of a calculation, immediately before the E key is pressed. For details, see Omitting a Final Closed Parenthesis on page E-29.

A Displaying a Long Expression The display can show up to 14 characters at a time. Inputting the 15th character causes the expression to shift to the left. At this time, the ] indicator appears to the left of the expression, indicating that it runs off the left side of the screen.

Input expression: 1111 + 2222 + 3333 + 444

Displayed portion:

When the ] indicator is displayed, you can scroll left and view the hidden part by pressing the d key. This will cause the ' indicator to appear to the right of the expression. At this time, you can use the e key to scroll back.

A Number of Input Characters (Bytes) You can input up to 99 bytes of data for a single

expression. Basically, each key operation uses up one byte. A function that requires two key operations to input (like 11(sin)) also uses only one byte.

Cursor

E-25

Normally the input cursor appears as a straight vertical (I) or horizontal ( ) flashing line on the display screen. When there are 10 or fewer bytes of input remaining in the current expression, the cursor changes shape to I to let you know. If the I cursor appears, terminate the expression at a convenient point and calculate the result.

Each expression in calculation history memory (page E-33) can contain up to 76 bytes of data. Up to 89 bytes of data can be assigned to each custom shortcut key (page E-94).

kCorrecting an Expression This section explains how to correct an expression as you are inputting it. The procedure you should use depends on whether you have insert or overwrite selected as the input mode.

A About the Insert and Overwrite Input Modes With the insert mode, the displayed characters shift to the left to make room when you input a new character. With the overwrite mode, any new character you input replaces the character at the current cursor position.

The cursor is a vertical flashing line (I) when the insert mode is selected. The cursor is a horizontal flashing line ( ) when the overwrite mode is selected.

The initial default is the insert mode. You can switch between the insert mode and the overwrite mode by pressing 1Y(INS).

A Changing the Character or Function You Just Input

Example: To correct the expression 369 13 so it becomes 369 12

369*13

Y

2

E-26

A Deleting a Character or Function Example: To correct the expression 369 12 so it

becomes 369 12

Insert Mode: 369**12

dd

Y

Overwrite Mode: 369**12

ddd

Y

A Correcting a Calculation Example: To correct cos(60) so it becomes sin(60)

Insert Mode: 12(cos)60)

dddY

11(sin)

Overwrite Mode: 12(cos)60)

dddd

11(sin)

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A Inserting input into a Calculation Always use the insert mode for this operation. Use d or e to move the cursor to the location where you want to insert new input, and then input what you want.

kDisplaying the Location of an Error If an error message (like Math ERROR or Syntax ERROR) appears when you press E, press d or e. This will display the part of the calculation where the error occurred, with the cursor positioned at the error location. You can then make necessary corrections. Example: When you input 14 0 2 = by mistake instead

of 14 10 2 =

Insert Mode:

14/0*2E

Press e or d.

This is causing the error.

d1

E

You can also exit the error screen by pressing A, which clears the calculation.

E-28

Basic Calculations This section explains how to perform arithmetic and percent calculations.

All calculations in this section are performed in the COMP Mode (g).

kArithmetic Calculations Use the +, -, *, and / keys to perform arithmetic calculations. Example: 7 8 4 5 = 36

7*8-4*5E

The calculator automatically judges the calculation priority sequence. For more information, see Calculation Priority Sequence on page E-134.

A Number of Decimal Places and Number of Significant Digits

You can specify a fixed number of decimal places and significant digits for the calculation result. Example: 1 6 =

Initial default setting (Norm1)

3 decimal places (Fix3)

FIX

3 significant digits (Sci3)

SCI

For more information, see Configuring Settings on page E-16.

E-29

A Omitting a Final Closed Parenthesis You can omit any closed parenthesis ( ) ) immediately preceding operation of the E key at the end of a calculation. Example: (2 + 3) (4 1) = 15

(2+3)* (4-1E

kPercent Calculations Example 1: 2% = 0.02

21((%)E

Example 2: 150 20% = 30

150*20 1((%)E

Example 3: To calculate what percentage of 880 is 660.

660/880 1((%)E

Example 4: To increase 2500 by 15%.

2500+ 2500*

151((%)E

E-30

Example 5: To discount 3500 by 25%.

3500- 3500*

251((%)E

Example 6: To discount the sum of 168, 98, and 734 by 20%.

168+98+ 734E

-G*201((%)E

Example 7: 300 grams are added to a test sample originally weighing 500 grams, producing a final test sample of 800 grams. What percent of 500 grams is 800 grams?

300+500 1.(A%)

Example 8: What is the percentage change when a value is increased from 40 to 46? How about to 48?

Insert Mode: 46-40 1.(A%)

eeeY8E

E-31

Example 9: To calculate the selling price and profit when the purchase price is $480 and the profit rate to the selling price is 25%.

480*25 1.(A%)

480/25 1.(A%)

Example 10: To calculate the bargain price and loss when the purchase price is $130 and the loss rate is 4%.

130*y4 1.(A%)

130/y4

1.(A%)

E-32

Using Multi-statements in Calculations

You can use the colon character (:) to connect two or more expressions and execute them in sequence from left to right when you press E. Example: To create a multi-statement that performs the

following two calculations: 3 + 3 and 3 3

Insert Mode:

1. 3+3

2. t

3. : (fc), then E.

4. 3*3

E

Disp

Disp indicates this is an intermediate result of a multi-statement.

E

E-33

Using Calculation History Memory and Replay

Calculation history memory maintains a record of each calculation expression you input and execute, and its result.

You can use calculation history memory in the COMP Mode (g) only.

A Recalling Calculation History Memory Contents

Press f to back-step through calculation history memory contents. Calculation history memory shows both calculation expressions and results. Example:

1+1E 2+2E 3+3E

f

f

Note that calculation history memory contents are cleared whenever you turn off the calculator, press the O key, change to another mode, or perform the operation under Initializing the Calculator (page E-3) or Initializing the Setup Screen Settings (page E-22).

Calculation history memory is limited. When the calculation you are performing causes calculation history memory to become full, the oldest calculation is deleted automatically to make room for the new calculation.

E-34

A Replay Function While a calculation result is on the display, you can press d or e to edit the expression you used for the previous calculation. Example: 4 3 + 2.5 = 14.5

4 3 7.1 = 4.9

4*3+2.5E

A

d

YYYY

-7.1E

E-35

Using Calculator Memory Memory Name Description Answer Memory Stores the last calculation result

obtained.

Independent Calculation results can be added to Memory or subtracted from independent

memory. The M display indicator indicates data in independent memory.

Variables Six variables named A, B, C, D, X, and Y can be used for storage of individual values.

VARS The following are the names of the financial calculation variables: n, I, PV, PMT, FV, P/Y, C/Y, PM1, PM2, Dys.

This section uses the COMP Mode (g) to demonstrate how you can use memory.

kAnswer Memory (Ans) A Answer Memory Overview Answer Memory contents are updated whenever you

execute a calculation using any one of the following keys: E, 9, m, 1m(M), t, or 1t(STO). Answer Memory can hold up to 15 digits.

Answer Memory contents do not change if an error occurs during the current calculation.

Answer Memory contents are maintained even if you press the A key, change the calculation mode, or turn off the calculator.

When multiple results are obtained (in polar coordinate calculations, when ALL:Solve is selected in the Simple Interest Mode, etc.), the result that is displayed at the top of the screen is the one stored in Answer Memory.

E-36

A Using Answer Memory to Perform a Series of Calculations

Example: To divide the result of 3 4 by 30

3*4E

(Continuing)/30E

Pressing / automatically inputs Ans command.

With the above procedure, you need to perform the second calculation immediately after the first one. If you need to recall Answer Memory contents after pressing A, press the G key.

A Inputting Answer Memory Contents into an Expression

Example: To perform the calculations shown below:

123+456E

789-GE

123 + 456 = 579 789 579 = 210

E-37

k Independent Memory (M) You can add calculation results to or subtract results from independent memory. The M appears on the display when independent memory contains a value.

A Independent Memory Overview The following is a summary of the different operations

you can perform using independent memory.

To do this: Perform this key operation:

Add the displayed value or result of the expression to m independent memory Subtract the displayed value or result of the expression 1m(M) from independent memory Recall current independent

Sm(M) memory contents Assign a specific value or 1.3+5(for example) result of the expression to 2.1t(STO) independent memory 3. M:(fc), then E.

4.E(Yes)

You can also store financial calculation value in independent memory.

Example: In the SMPL Mode, store the value of SI in independent memory (M)

1. Enter the SMPL Mode for calculation of simple interest (SI). See pages E-42 and E-43 for more information.

2. 1t(STO)

3. SI(fc), then E.

4. M:(fc), then E.

5. E(Yes)

A number sign (#) next to the independent memory variable name indicates that it already contains data. Performing the following steps will replace any existing data with the new data.

E-38

The M indicator appears in the upper left of the display when there is any value other than zero stored in independent memory.

Independent memory contents are maintained even if you press the A key, change the calculation mode, or turn off the calculator.

A Calculation Examples Using Independent Memory

If the M indicator is on the display, perform the procedure under Clearing Independent Memory before performing this example.

Example: 23 + 9 = 32 23+9m

53 6 = 47 53-6m

) 45 2 = 90 45*21m(M) 99 3 = 33 99/3m

(Total) 22 Sm(M)E

A Clearing Independent Memory 1. 0

2. 1t(STO)

3. M:(fc), then E.

4. E(Yes)

This clears independent memory and causes the M indicator to disappear from the display.

kVariables (A, B, C, D, X, Y) A Variable Overview You can assign a specific value or a calculation result to

a variable. Example: To assign the result of 3 + 5 to variable A.

1. 3+5

2. 1t(STO)

3. A:(fc), then E.

4. E(Yes)

E-39

Use the following procedure when you want to check the contents of a variable. Example: To recall the contents of variable A

Sn(A)

The following shows how you can include variables inside of an expression. Example: To multiply the contents of variable A by the

contents of variable B Sn(A)*So(B)E

You can also assign a financial calculation value to a variable.

Example: In the CMPD Mode, assign the value of PMT to variable A.

1. CMPD mode: PMT (fc).

2. 1t(STO)

3. A:(fc), then E.

4. E(Yes)

A number sign (#) next to a variable name indicates that there is already data assigned to the variable. Performing the following steps will replace any existing data with the new data.

Variable contents are maintained even if you press the A key, change the calculation mode, or turn off the calculator.

Example: 9 6 + 3

= 1.425 5 8

1. 9*6+3

2. 1t(STO)

3. B: (fc), then E.

4. E(Yes)

5. 5*8

6. 1t(STO)

7. C: (fc), then E.

8. E(Yes)

E-40

9. So(B)/SD(C) E

kFinancial Calculation Variables (VARS) The following are the names of the financial calculation

variables (VARS): n, I, PV, PMT, FV, P/Y, C/Y, PM1, PM2, Dys.

Financial calculation variables are used in financial calculations to store values. See the sections that describe the various modes for information about which variables are used in each mode.

In the COMP Mode, the above variables are used as arithmetic variables, and are referred to as such in the section explaining the COMP Mode.

A To select an financial calculation variable in the COMP mode

1. Press 1t(VARS).

2. On the menu screen that appears, use fc to move the highlighting to the variable you want to select, and then press E.

A Clearing the Contents of VARS Memories Only

1. O19(CLR)

2. VARS:EXE (fc), then E.

3. E(Yes)

4. A

To cancel the clear operation without doing anything, press E(Cancel) instead of E(Yes).

VARS Memory Initial Default Values P/Y, C/Y ....................................................................... 1 n, I, PV, PMT, FV, PM1, PM2, Dys .......................... 0

E-41

kClearing Memory Contents Use the following procedure to clear the contents of Answer Memory, independent memory, and all of the variables.

This procedure does not clear VARS memory contents. See Clearing the Contents of VARS Memories Only for more information.

1. O19(CLR)

2. Memory:EXE (fc), then E.

3. E(Yes)

4. A

To cancel the clear operation without doing anything, press E(Cancel) instead of E(Yes).

E-42

Financial Calculation kSimple Interest Mode The Simple Interest (SMPL) Mode lets you calculate the

interest amount and/or simple future value (principal and interest amount).

A Entering the SMPL Mode Press S to enter the SMPL Mode.

Value Input Screen

A Setting Values

No. Display Name Values Used in Examples

1 Set* Days in Year (Date Mode) 365

2 Dys Number of Interest Periods

120 (Number of Days)

3 I Interest Rate (Annual) 5%

4 PV Principal (Present Value) $10,000

* For information about specifying the Date Mode, see the Date Mode item under Configuring Settings on page E-16.

A Basic SMPL Mode Procedure Example 1: To calculate the interest amount (SI), and the

simple future value (SFV)

1. Input the values for 1, 2, 3, and 4 from the Setting Values table above.

For this example, use fc to select 1 Set:, and then press E.

E-43

Press 2 to select 365. Use fc to select 2

Dys, input 120, and then press E.

Use fc to select 3 I, input 5, and then press E.

Use fc to select 4 PV, input 10000, and then press E.

2. Select the value you want to calculate.

For this example, use fc to select ALL: Solve.

3. Press 9 to perform the calculation.

Pressing the E key returns to the value input screen.

To solve for the items that have Solve specified (such as ALL:Solve), you can press E instead of 9.

A Other SMPL Mode Calculations Example 2: To calculate the simple interest (SI) amount

only In step 2 of the basic procedure (Example 1), select

SI:Solve. Example 3: To calculate the simple future value (SFV)

only In step 2 of the basic procedure (Example 1), select

SFV:Solve.

E-44

A SMPL Mode Financial Calculation Variables (VARS)

Variables Dys, I, and PV are used in the SMPL Mode. The values of SMPL Mode variables are retained even if

you change to another mode. Note, however, that SMPL Mode variables are also used by other modes, so performing an input or calculation operation may change the values assigned to them.

Though SMPL Mode variables are financial calculation variables, they are also used by arithmetic and function operations in the COMP Mode.

A Calculation Formulas

365-day Mode SI' = Dys 365

PV i I% 100

i =

360-day Mode SI' = Dys 360

PV i I% 100

i =

SI = SI' SFV = (PV + SI')

SI : simple interest Dys : number of interest periods PV : principal I % : interest rate (annual) SFV : principal plus interest

kCompound Interest Mode The Compound Interest (CMPD) Mode lets you calculate

any one of the following values, by inputting values for the other four: number of payments, interest rate, principal, payment amount, and future value (principal and interest, or final payment amount).

A Entering the CMPD Mode Press c to enter the CMPD Mode.

Value Input Screen

E-45

A Setting Values

No. Display Name Values Used in Examples

1 Set*1 Payment Period (Payment) End

2 n Number of Payments 48

3 I Interest Rate 4%

4 PV Present Value (Principal) $1,000

5 PMT Payment Amount $300

Future Value (Principal and 6 FV Interest, or Final Payment $16,760

Amount)

7 P/Y Number of Annual Payments

12 (PMT)

8 C/Y*2 Number of Annual 12

Compoundings

*1 For information about specifying the payment period, see the Payment item under Configuring Settings on page E-16.

In the case of compound interest calculations, you can also use the compound interest mode (dn) setting on the setup screen for interest calculations of odd (partial) months. See the explanation of the compound interest mode (dn) setting (page E-16) for more information.

*2 Specify 2 for semiannual compound interest, or 12 for monthly compound interest.

Note After specifying the 1 Payment Period (Payment) and

inputting values for 7 Number of Annual Payments (P/Y) and 8 Number of Annual Compoundings, you can calculate any one of the following by inputting values for the other four: Number of Payments, Interest Rate, Principal, Payment Amount, Future Value (principal and interest, or final payment amount).

Input money paid out as a negative value, using the y key to input the minus sign.

E-46

A Basic CMPD Mode Procedure Example 1: To calculate the future value (FV) of an

investment vehicle that pays an annual interest rate of 4%, when the initial deposit is $1,000 and additional deposits of $300 are made each month

1. Input the required values from the Setting Values table (page E-45).

For this example, use fc to select 1 Set:, and then press E.

Press 2 to select End. Use fc to select 2

n, input 48, and then press E.

Use fc to select 3 I, input 4, and then press E.

Use fc to select 4 PV, input 1000, and then press E.

Use fc to select 5 PMT, input 300, and then press E.

Use fc to select 7 P/Y, input 12, and then press E.

Use fc to select 8 C/Y, input 12, and then press E.

Input Precautions Before specifying the number of months when there

is a partial month, see Calculating the Number of Months when a Partial Month is Included (page E-47).

Input money paid out as a negative value, using the y key to input the minus sign.

2. Select the value you want to calculate.

For this example, use fc to select FV.

E-47

3. Press l to perform the calculation.

A Calculating the Number of Payments (n), Interest Rate (I%), Present Value (Principal: PV), and Payment Amount (PMT)

Use the same procedure as shown under Example 1 (page E-46), substituting the required values.

A Calculating the Number of Months when a Partial Month is Included

The following example shows how to calculate the number of months (number of days/total days in the month) for the number of payments (n) when a partial month is include. Example 1: When the payment period is 16 months and

20 days

When P/Y=12, n can be thought of as being the payment period (number of months).

1. Use fc to select n.

2. Input the division operation that divides the number of days in the partial month (20 in this example) by the total number of days in the month.

This example assumes that there are 30 days in the month.

3. Add the number of full months (16 in this example).

4. Press E.

Note When n includes a fractional part (odd period), the

calculator always assumes the odd period occurs before the first full payment period.

E-48

A Selecting Interest Calculation for a Period with a Partial Month

You can select compound interest or simple interest to calculate interest for a period with a partial month. Before performing each type of calculation, first use Configuring Settings (page E-16) to select either compound interest or simple interest for the dn setting.

A CMPD Mode Financial Calculation Variables (VARS)

Variables n, I, PV, PMT, FV, P/Y, and C/Y are used in the CMPD Mode.

The values of CMPD Mode variables are retained even if you change to another mode. Note, however, that CMPD Mode variables are also used by other modes, so performing an input or calculation operation may change the values assigned to them.

Though CMPD Mode variables are financial calculation variables, they are also used by arithmetic and function operations in the COMP Mode.

A Calculation Formulas u PV, PMT, FV, n

I % G 0

PV = PMT FV

PMT = PV FV

FV = PV PMT

n =

log (1+ iS) PMT FV i (1+ iS) PMT + PV i{ }

log (1+ i)

E-49

u I %

i (effective interest rate)

i (effective interest rate) is calculated using Newton's Method.

PV + PMT + FV = 0

To I % from i (effective interest rate)

I % = 0

PV = (PMT n + FV )

FV = (PMT n + PV)

PMT = n

PV + FV

n = PMT

PV + FV

= (1+ i S) , = (1 + i) i

1 (Intg(n))

1+ i Frac (n) ....... dn : SI (Setup Screen)

(1+ i ) Frac (n) ........... dn : CI (Setup Screen)

0 ............................ Payment : End (Setup Screen)

1 ............................ Payment : Begin (Setup Screen)

i = 100 I %

{ I % (1+ ) 1

C/Y P/Y

100 [C/Y ]

............................... (P/Y = C/Y = 1)

(Other than those above)

= {

{S =

.....

{ } C/Y 100 ... I% =

(1+ i ) 1 P/Y C/Y (Other than

those above)

i 100 ................................. (P/Y = C/Y = 1){

E-50

n : Number of Payments I % : Interest Rate PV : Present Value (Principal) PMT : Payment Amount FV : Future Value (Principal and Interest, or Final

Payment Amount) P/Y : Number of Annual Payments (PMT) C/Y : Number of Annual Compoundings

Note This calculator performs interest (I) calculations using

Newtons Method, which produces approximate values whose precision can be affected by various calculation conditions. Because of this, interest calculation results produced by this calculator should be used keeping the above limitation in mind, or the results should be verified.

When you use f and c to select an item that can be calculated, the = changes to 7. You can perform a calculation by inputting the required values for the other items, and then pressing the l key. Performing the calculation causes the 7 to change back to =.

kCash Flow Mode The Cash Flow (CASH) mode calculates the total of

income and expenses over a fixed period, and then uses the discounted cash flow (DCF) method to perform investment appraisal. The following four items are appraised.

NPV : Net Present Value IRR : Internal Rate of Return PBP : Payback Period* NFV : Net Future Value

* The payback period (PBP) can also be called the discounted payback period (DPP). When the annual interest rate (I) is zero, the PBP is called the simple payback period (SPP).

E-51

A Entering the CASH Mode Press C to enter the CASH Mode.

Value Input Screen

A cash flow diagram like the one shown below helps to visualize the movement of funds.

With this graph, the initial investment amount is represented by CF0. The cash flow one year later is shown by CF1, two years later by CF2, and so on.

A Setting Values

No. Display Name Values Used in Examples

1 I Annual Interest 3%

A Receipt and Payment Summary

Period Receipt/Payment Values Used in Examples

CF0 Payment $10,000

CF1 Payment $1,000

CF2 Receipt $4,500

CF3 Receipt $5,000

CF4 Receipt $4,000

Input money paid out as a negative value, using the y key to input the minus sign.

CF0

CF1

CF2 CF3

CF4

CF5 CF6

CF7

E-52

A Basic CASH Mode Procedure Example 1: To calculate net present value (NPV) 1. Input the annual interest (I), and then receipt and

payment values provided on page E-51. Use fc to select 1

I, input 3, and then press E.

Use fc to select Csh =D.Editor x, and then press E.

This displays the DataEditor. Only the x-column is used for calculation. Any values in the y-column and FREQ- column are not used.

Note The STAT editor and the D.Editor x of the CASH Mode

use the same memory area to store data.

10000 E(CF0) Input money paid out as a negative value, using the y key to input the minus sign.

1000 E(CF1)

4500 E(CF2)

5000 E(CF3)

4000 E(CF4)

2. Press E to return to the value input screen.

3. Select the value you want to calculate.

For this example, use fc to select NPV: Solve.

4. Press l to perform the calculation.

Pressing the E key returns to the value input screen.

E-53

A Other CASH Mode Calculations Example 2: To calculate the internal rate of return (IRR) In step 3 of the basic procedure (Example 1), select

IRR:Solve. The IRR calculation result is assigned to financial variable

(VARS) I.

Example 3: To calculate the payback period (PBP) In step 3 of the basic procedure (Example 1), select

PBP:Solve.

Example 4: To calculate net future value (NFV) In step 3 of the basic procedure (Example 1), select NFV:

Solve.

A Maximum Number of DataEditor Items

Maximum Number of DataEditor ScreenData Items

80 X 40 X, Y or X, FREQ 26 X, Y, FREQ

Only the x-column is used for calculation. Any values in the y-column and FREQ-column are not used.

Normally, you will be able to input up to 80 data items in the DataEditor.

To maximize the number of data items you can input, enter the STAT Mode, select 1-VAR, and then use the setup screen to select Off for the STAT setting (page E-21).

Values you input while 1-VAR is selected are cleared when 2-VAR is selected in the STAT Mode. Conversely, values you input while 2-VAR is selected are cleared when 1-VAR is selected in the STAT Mode.

A CASH Mode Financial Calculation Variables (VARS)

Variable I is used in the CASH Mode. The value of the CASH Mode variable is retained even if

you change to another mode. Note, however, that I is also used by other modes, so performing an input or calculation operation may change the value assigned to it.

E-54

Though I is a financial calculation variable, it is also used by arithmetic and function operations in the COMP Mode.

A Calculation Formulas uNPV

n: natural number up to 79

uNFV

uIRR IRR is calculated using Newtons Method.

In this formula, NPV = 0, and the value of IRR is equivalent to i 100. It should be noted, however, that minute fractional values tend to accumulate during the subsequent calculations performed automatically by the calculator, so NPV never actually reaches exactly zero. IRR becomes more accurate the closer that NPV approaches to zero.

uPBP

n: Smallest positive integer that satisfies the conditions NPVn < 0, NPVn+1 > 0, or 0.

0 = CF0 + + + + + (1+ i ) CF1

(1+ i )2

CF2

(1+ i )3

CF3

(1+ i )n

CFn

PBP =

NPVn =

{0 .................................. (CF0 > 0)

n NPVn

n

k = 0

NPVn+1 NPVn

CFk

(1 + i)k

(Other than those above)

...

NFV = NPV (1 + i )n

NPV = CF0 + + + + (1+ i ) CF1

(1+ i )2

CF2

(1+ i )3

CF3

(1+ i )n

CFn + i =

100

I %

E-55

kAmortization Mode The Amortization (AMRT) Mode lets you calculate the

principal balance, and the interest portion and principal portion of monthly payments, as well as interest and principal amounts paid to date.

BAL : Principal balance upon completion of payment PM2

INT : Interest portion of payment PM1 PRN : Principal portion of payment PM1 INT : Total interest paid from payment PM1 to

payment PM2 PRN : Total principal paid from payment PM1 to

payment PM2

A Entering the AMRT Mode Press A to enter the AMRT Mode.

Value Input Screen

a : Interest portion of payment PM1 (INT) b : Principal portion of payment PM1 (PRN) c : Principal balance upon completion of payment PM2

(BAL)

c

a

b

1 payment

Number of Payments

1 PM1 PM2 Last.............. ..................... ............

E-56

d : Total principal paid from payment PM1 to payment PM2 (PRN)

e : Total interest paid from payment PM1 to payment PM2 (INT)

A Setting Values

No. Display Name Values Used in Examples

1 Set*1 Payment Period (Payment) End

2 PM1 Payment PM1

15(Number of Payments)

3 PM2*2 Payment PM2 28(Number of Payments)

4 n*3 Number of Payments (Number of Months)

5 I Interest Rate (Annual) 2%

6 PV Principal $100,000

7 PMT Payment Amount $920

8 FV*3 Ending Balance after Last Payment (Future Value)

9 P/Y Number of Annual Payments

12 (PMT)

0 C/Y*4 Number of Annual 12

Compoundings

1 payment

Number of Payments

1 PM1 PM2 Last............... .................. ...............

d

e

E-57

*1 For information about specifying the payment period, see the Payment item under Configuring Settings on page E-16.

*2 Make sure the payment you specify for PM2 comes after the payment you specify for PM1.

*3 This variable is used by other modes. The value that initially appears may be a value that was input or calculated in another mode.

*4 Specify 2 for semiannual compound interest, or 12 for monthly compound interest.

Input money paid out as a negative value, using the y key to input the minus sign.

A Basic AMRT Mode Procedure Example 1: To calculate the principal balance (BAL) after

payment 28 1. Input the values for 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, and 0

from the Setting Values table (page E-56).

For this example, use fc to select 1 Set:, and then press E.

Press 2 to select End. Use fc to select 2

PM1, input 15, and then press E.

Use fc to select 3 PM2, input 28, and then press E.

Use fc to select 5 I, input 2, and then press E.

Use fc to select 6 PV, input 100000, and then press E.

Use fc to select 7 PMT, input 920, and then press E.

Use fc to select 9 P/Y, input 12, and then press E.

Use fc to select 0 C/Y, input 12, and then press E.

E-58

2. Select the value you want to calculate.

For this example, use fc to select BAL: Solve.

3. Press l to perform the calculation.

Pressing the E key returns to the value input screen.

A Other AMRT Mode Calculations Example 2: To calculate the interest amount (INT)

included in payment 15 (PM1) In step 2 of the basic procedure (Example 1), select

INT:Solve. Example 3: To calculate the principal amount (PRN)

included in payment 15 (PM1) In step 2 of the basic procedure (Example 1), select

PRN:Solve. Example 4: To calculate total interest paid (INT) from

payment 15 (PM1) to payment 28 (PM2) In step 2 of the basic procedure (Example 1), select

INT:Solve. Example 5: To calculate total principal paid (PRN) from

payment 15 (PM1) to payment 28 (PM2) In step 2 of the basic procedure (Example 1), select

PRN:Solve.

A AMRT Mode Financial Calculation Variables (VARS)

Variables PM1, PM2, n, I, PV, PMT, FV, P/Y, and C/Y are used in the AMRT Mode.

The values of AMRT Mode variables are retained even if you change to another mode. Note, however, that AMRT Mode variables are also used by other modes, so performing an input or calculation operation may change the values assigned to them.

Though AMRT Mode variables are financial calculation variables, they are also used by arithmetic and function operations in the COMP Mode.

E-59

A Calculation Formulas a: Interest portion of payment PM1 (INT)

INTPM1 = I BALPM11 i I (PMT sign)

b: Principal portion of payment PM1 (PRN) PRNPM1 = PMT + BALPM11 i

c: Principal balance upon completion of payment PM2 (BAL) BALPM2 = BALPM21 + PRNPM2

d: Total principal paid from payment PM1 to payment PM2 (PRN)

PRN = PRNPM1 + PRNPM1+1 + + PRNPM2

PM2

PM1

e: Total interest paid from payment PM1 to payment PM2 (INT) a + b = one repayment (PMT)

INT = INTPM1 + INTPM1+1 + + INTPM2 PM2

PM1

BAL0 = PV ....................... Payment: End (Setup Screen)

INT1 = 0, PRN1 = PMT ... Payment: Begin (Setup Screen)

Converting between the Nominal Interest Rate and Effective Interest Rate The nominal interest rate (I % value input by user) is converted to an effective interest rate (I %) for installment loans where the number of annual payments is different from the number of annual compoundings calculation periods.

The following calculation is performed after conversion from the nominal interest rate to the effective interest rate, and the result is used for all subsequent calculations.

kConversion Mode The Conversion (CNVR) Mode lets you convert between

the nominal interest rate (APR) and effective interest rate (EFF).

I%' = I%

(1+ ) 1 [C / Y ] [P / Y ]

100 [C / Y ] 100

i = I%'100

E-60

A Entering the CNVR Mode Press n to enter the CNVR Mode.

Value Input Screen

A Setting Values

No. Display Name Values Used in Examples

1 n Number of Annual 6

Compoundings

2 I Interest Rate (Annual) 3%

A Basic CNVR Mode Procedure Example 1: To convert a nominal interest rate (APR) to

an effective interest rate (EFF)

1. Input the number of annual compoundings (n) and interest rate (I) values from the Setting Values table above.

For this example, use fc to select 1 n, input 6, and then press E.

Use fc to select 2 I, input 3, and then press E.

2. Select the value you want to calculate.

For this example, use fc to select EFF: Solve.

3. Press l to perform the calculation.

Pressing the E key returns to the value input screen.

E-61

A Other CNVR Mode Calculations Example 2: To convert an effective interest rate (EFF) to

a nominal interest rate (APR) In step 2 of the basic procedure (Example 1), select APR:

Solve.

A CNVR Mode Financial Calculation Variables (VARS)

Variables n and I are used in the CNVR Mode. A value is assigned to I whenever you perform an EFF

or APR calculation in the CNVR Mode. The values of CNVR Mode variables are retained even if

you change to another mode. Note, however, that CNVR Mode variables are also used by other modes, so performing an input or calculation operation may change the values assigned to them.

Though CNVR Mode variables are financial calculation variables, they are also used by arithmetic and function operations in the COMP Mode.

A Calculation Formulas

APR : nominal interest rate (%) EFF : effective interest rate (%) n : number of annual compoundings

kCost/Sell/Margin Mode The Cost/Sell/Margin (COST) Mode lets you calculate

cost, selling price, or margin after inputting the other two values. You can input the cost and selling price, for example, and calculate the margin.

EFF = n

APR/1001+ 1 100 n

APR = 100 EFF1+ 1 n 100

1 n

E-62

A Entering the COST Mode Press o to enter the COST Mode.

Value Input Screen

A Setting Values

No. Display Name Values Used in Examples

1 CST Cost $40

2 SEL Selling Price $100

3 MRG Margin 60%

A Basic COST Mode Procedure Example 1: To calculate the margin (MRG)

1. Input the cost (CST) and selling price (SEL) values from the Setting Values table above.

For this example, use fc to select 1 CST, input 40, and then press E.

Use fc to select 2 SEL, input 100, and then press E.

2. Select the value you want to calculate.

For this example, use fc to select 3 MRG.

3. Press l to perform the calculation.

E-63

A Other COST Mode Calculations Example 2: To calculate the cost based on margin and

selling price 1. Input the margin (MRG) and selling price (SEL) values

in step 1 of the basic procedure (Example 1). 2. Select 1 CST in step 2.

Example 3: To calculate the selling price (SEL) based on margin and cost

1. Input the margin (MRG) and cost (CST) values in step 1 of the basic procedure (Example 1).

2. Select 2 SEL in step 2.

A COST Mode Financial Calculation Variables (VARS)

Variables CST, SEL, and MRG are used in the COST Mode.

These variables are used in the COST Mode only, and their values are retained even when you change to another mode.

A Calculation Formulas

CST : cost SEL : selling price MRG : margin

CST = SEL 100 MRG1

SEL =

100 MRG1

CST

MRG(%) = SEL CST1 100

E-64

kDay Calculation Mode The Day Calculation (DAYS) Mode lets you calculate the

number of dates from one date to another, the date that falls on a specific number of days after a starting date, and the date that falls on a specific number of data prior to an ending date.

Starting date (d1) and ending date (d2) calculations are possible within the range of January 1, 1901 through December 31, 2099.

A Entering the DAYS Mode Press D to enter the DAYS Mode.

Value Input Screen

A Setting Values

No. Display Name Values Used in Examples

1 Set*1 Days in Year 365(Date Mode)

2 d1*2 Starting Date 11052022 (Month, Day, Year) (November 5, 2022)

3 d2*2 Ending Date 04272023 (Month, Day, Year) (April 27, 2023)

4 Dys Number of Days

173(Duration)

*1 For information about specifying the Date Mode, see the Date Mode item under Configuring Settings on page E-16.

The following rules apply when a 360-day year is specified. When the starting date (d1) is the 31st of a month, the calculation is performed using the 30th of the same month. When the ending date (d2) is the 31st of a month, the calculation is performed using the 1st of the following month.

E-65

*2 You must input two digits for the month and day. This means you should include a leading zero for values from 1 through 9 (01, 02, 03... etc.).

You can specify either month, day, year (MDY) or day, month, year (DMY) as the date input format. See the Date Input setting under Configuring Settings (page E-16).

Note After specifying the 1 Days in Year (Date Mode) in the

Day Calculation Mode, you can calculate any one of the following three values by inputting values for the other two: 2 Starting Date (d1), 3 Ending Date (d2), and 4 Number of Days (Dys).

A Basic DAYS Mode Procedure Example 1: To calculate the number of days between two

dates

1. Input the required values from the Setting Values table (page E-64).

For this example, use fc to select 1 Set:, and then press E.

Press 2 to select 365. Use fc to select 2

d1, input 11052022, and then press E.

Use fc to select 3 d2, input 04272023, and then press E.

2. Select the value you want to calculate.

For this example, use fc to select Dys.

3. Press l to perform the calculation.

E-66

A Other DAYS Mode Calculations Note For Example 2 and Example 3, use the setup screen to

change the Date Mode setting to 365. Calculation results d1 and d2 are not stored in Answer

Memory.

Example 2: To calculate date that falls a specific number of days (Dys) from a starting date (d1)

1. In step 1 of the basic procedure (Example 1), input 173 for Dys and do not input anything for d2.

2. In step 2, select d2.

Example 3: To calculate the date that falls a specific number of days (Dys) before an ending date (d2)

1. In step 1 of the basic procedure (Example 1), input 173 for Dys and do not input anything for d1.

2. In step 2, select d1.

A DAYS Mode Financial Calculation Variables (VARS)

Variables d1, d2, and Dys are used in the DAYS Mode. The values of DAYS Mode variables are retained even if

you change to another mode. Note, however, that DAYS Mode variables are also used by other modes, so performing an input or calculation operation may change the values assigned to them.

Though DAYS Mode variables are financial calculation variables, variable Dys can be recalled in the COMP Mode.

kDepreciation Mode (FC-200V only) The Depreciation (DEPR) Mode lets you use any of the

four methods for depreciation.

SL : Straight-Line Method FP : Fixed Percentage Method SYD : Sum-of-the-Years Digits Method DB : Declining Balance Method

E-67

A Entering the DEPR Mode Press d to enter the DEPR Mode.

Value Input Screen

A Setting Values

No. Display Name Values Used in Examples

1 n Useful Life 6

2 I*1 Depreciation Ratio 25%

Factor 200

3 PV Original Cost (Basis) $150,000

4 FV Residual Book Value $0

5 j Year for Calculation of Year 3

Depreciation Cost

6 YR1 Number of Months in the

2 First Year of Depreciation

*1 Depreciation ratio in the case of the fixed percent (FP) method, depreciation factor in the case of the declining balance (DB) method. Specifying 200 for the depreciation factor while declining balance (DB) depreciation is being calculated causes depreciation to be calculated using the double declining balance (DDB) method.

A Basic DEPR Mode Procedure Example 1: To calculate depreciation using Straight-Line

depreciation

1. Input the values for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 from the Setting Values table above.

For this example, use fc to select 1 n, input 6, and then press E.

E-68

Use fc to select 2 I, input 25, and then press E. Note that you need to input 2 I only when you are using the fixed percent (FP) or declining balance (DB) method.

Use fc to select 3 PV, input 150000, and then press E.

Use fc to select 4 FV, input 0, and then press E.

Use fc to select 5 j , input 3, and then press E.

Use fc to select 6 YR1, input 2, and then press E.

2. Select the value you want to calculate.

For this example, use fc to select SL:Solve.

3. Press l to perform the calculation.

Pressing the E key returns to the value input screen.

A Other DEPR Mode Calculations Example 2: To use the fixed percent method with a

depreciation ratio is 25% In step 2 of the basic procedure (Example 1), select FP:

Solve. Example 3: To use the sum-of-the-years digits method In step 2 of basic procedure (Example 1), select

SYD:Solve. Example 4: To use the double declining balance method 1. In step 1 of the basic procedure (Example 1), input 200

for I. 2. In step 2, select DB:Solve.

E-69

A DEPR Mode Financial Calculation Variables (VARS)

Variables n, I, PV, and FV are used in the DEPR Mode. The values of DEPR Mode variables are retained even if

you change to another mode. Note, however, that DEPR Mode variables are also used by other modes, so performing an input or calculation operation may change the values assigned to them.

Though DEPR Mode variables are financial calculation variables, they are also used by arithmetic and function operations in the COMP Mode.

A Calculation Formulas Depreciation for an item acquired part way through a year can be calculated by month.

u Straight-Line Method The straight-line method calculates depreciation for a given period.

SL j : depreciation charge for the j th year n : useful life PV : original cost (basis) FV : residual book value j : year for calculation of depreciation cost YR1 : number of months in the first year of depreciation

YR1(PVFV ) SL1 =

n 12 u

(PVFV ) SLj =

n 12 YR1

(YR1G12)

(PVFV ) n 12

uSLn+1 =

E-70

u Fixed Percentage Method Fixed percentage method can be used to calculate depreciation for a given period, or to calculate the depreciation rate.

FP j : depreciation charge for the j th year RDVj : remaining depreciable value at the end of j th

year I % : depreciation ratio

u Sum-of-the-Years Digits Method The sum-of-the-years-digits method calculates deprecia- tion for a given period.

SYD j : depreciation charge for the j th year RDVj : remaining depreciable value at the end of j th

year

100 I%

FPj = (RDVj1 + FV )

100 YR1I%

FP1 = PV 12

FPn+1 = RDVn (YR1G12)

RDV1 = PV FV FP1

RDVj = RDVj1 FPj

RDVn+1 = 0 (YR1G12)

12 YR1

n' = n

n (n +1) Z =

2

2 (Intg (n' ) +1) (Intg (n' )+2 Frac(n' ))

SYD1 = YR1 12

n Z

(PV FV )

n' j+2 Z'

)(PV FV SYD1) ( jG1)SYDj = (

RDV1 = PV FV SYD1

RDVj = RDVj 1 SYDj

n' (n +1)+2 Z'

)(PV FV SYD1)

(YR1G12) 12YR1

12

SYDn+1 = (

Z' =

E-71

u Declining Balance Method The declining balance method calculates depreciation for a given period.

DB j : depreciation charge for the j th year RDVj : remaining depreciable value at the end of j th

year I % : factor

kBond Mode (FC-200V only) The Bond (BOND) Mode lets you calculate purchase price

and annual yield. Yield is calculated based on compound interest. This

calculation cannot be performed using simple interest.

A Entering the BOND Mode Press b to enter the BOND Mode.

Value Input Screen

A Setting Values

No. Display Name Values Used in Examples

1 Set*1 Periods/Y Annual

Bond Date Date

2 d1*2 Purchase Date 06012022 (Month, Day, Year) (June 1, 2022)

Redemption Date 12152024

3 d2*2*3 (Month, Day, Year)

(December 15, 2024)

RDV1 = PV FV DB1

(YR1G12)

(YR1G12)

100n YR1I%

DB1 = PV

100n I%

12

DBj = (RDVj1 + FV )

RDVj = RDVj1 DBj

DBn +1 = RDVn

RDVn+1 = 0

E-72

No. Display Name Values Used in Examples

4 n Number of Coupon 3

Payments Until Maturity

5 RDV*4 Redemption Price per $100 $100

of face value

6 CPN*5 Coupon Rate 3%

7 PRC*6 Price per $100 of face value 97.6151555

8 YLD Annual Yield 4%

*1 You can specify a date (Date) or a number of coupon payments (Term) as the term for bond calculations. See the Bond Date setting under Configuring Settings (page E-16).

You can specify once a year (Annual) or once every six months (Semi-Annual) as the number of coupon payments per year. See the Periods/Y setting under Configuring Settings (page E-16).

*2 You must input two digits for the month and day. This means you should include a leading zero for values from 1 through 9 (01, 02, 03... etc.)

You can specify either month, day, year (MDY) or day, month, year (DMY) as the date input format. See the Date Input setting under Configuring Settings (page E-16).

*3 When calculating the yield on call, input the call date for d2.

*4 When calculating the yield of maturity, input 100 for RDV. *5 In the case of a zero coupon, input 0 for CPN. *6 When calculating the redemption price per $100 of

face value (PRC), you can also calculate accrued interest (INT) and purchase price including accrued interest (CST).

Input money paid out as a negative value, using the y key to input the minus sign.

E-73

Note You can specify a starting date (d1) in the range of

January 1,1902 through December 30, 2097. You can specify an ending date (d2) in the range of

January 2,1902 through December 31, 2097. Input money paid out as a negative value, using the y

key to input the minus sign.

A Other Setup Items The initial setting of Date Mode is 365 (365-day year).

See the Date Mode setting under Configuring Settings (page E-16).

To display the Setup screen, press .

A Basic BOND Mode Procedure Example 1: To calculate the bond purchase price (PRC)

based on a specific date (Date)

1. Input the values required for the calculation from the Setting Values table (pages E-71, E-72). Input 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 8 if Date is selected for Bond Date, or 1, 4, 5, 6, and 8 if Term is selected for Bond Date. On the setup screen, specify 365 for the Date Mode setting.

For this example, use fc to select 1 Set:, and then press E.

Use fc to select Periods/Y, and then press E.

Press 1 to select Annual.

Use fc to select 1 Set:, and then press E.

Use fc to select Bond Date, and then press E.

E-74

Press 1 to select Date. Use fc to select 2 d1,

input 06012022, and then press E.

Use fc to select 3 d2, input 12152024, and then press E.

Use fc to select 5 RDV, input 100, and then press E.

Use fc to select 6 CPN, input 3, and then press E.

Use fc to select 8 YLD, input 4, and then press E.

2. Select the value you want to calculate.

For this example, use fc to select PRC.

3. Press l to perform the calculation.

Pressing the E key returns to the value input screen.

A Other BOND Mode Calculations Before performing a calculation based on a specific

number of payments (Term), be sure to specify 360 for Date Mode, and Annual for Periods/Y (number of coupon payments per year).

Example 2: To calculate the annual yield (YLD) based on a specific date (Date)

1. In step 1 of the basic procedure (Example 1), input 97.6151555 for PRC and do not input anything for YLD.

2. In step 2, select YLD. Input money paid out as a negative value, using the y key to input the minus sign.

E-75

Example 3: To calculate a bond purchase price (PRC) based on a specific number of payments (Term)

1. In step 1 of the basic procedure (Example 1), select 2(Term) for Bond Date. This replaces input items d1 and d2 with input item n.

2. Input 3 for item n.

Example 4: To calculate the annual yield (YLD) based on a specific number of payments (Term)

1. In step 1 of the basic procedure (Example 1), select 2(Term) for Bond Date. This replaces input items d1 and d2 with input item n.

2. Use fc to select 4 n, input 3, and then press E.

3. Input 97.6151555 for PRC, without inputting anything for YLD.

4. In step 2, select YLD.

A BOND Mode Financial Calculation Variables (VARS)

The values of the following BOND Mode variables are retained even if you change to another mode: n, d1, d2.

Note, however, that n, d1, and d2 are also used by other modes, so performing an input or calculation operation may change the values assigned to them.

Though n is a financial calculation variable, its contents can also be recalled in the COMP Mode.

The following variables are used in the BOND Mode. Their values are not retained if you change to another mode: RDV, CPN, PRC, YLD.

E-76

D

Issue date

Redemption date (d2)

Purchase date (d1) Coupon Payment dates

A B

A Calculation Formulas

PRC : price per $100 of face value CPN : coupon rate (%) YLD : annual yield (%) A : accrued days M : number of coupon payments per year

(1 = Annual, 2 = Semi-Annual) N : number of coupon payments until maturity

(n is used when Term is specified for Bond Date on the setup screen.)

RDV : redemption price per $100 of face value D : number of days in coupon period where

settlement occurs B : number of days from purchase date until next

coupon payment date = D A INT : accrued interest CST : price including interest

u Price per $100 of face value (PRC)

Date (Using the Setup Screen: Bond Date)

For one or fewer coupon period to redemption

PRC = + ( )

RDV + M

CPN

1+ ( ) D

B

M

YLD/100

D

A

M

CPN

E-77

+

D

A CPN

PRC =

INT =

RDV

(1+ ) M

YLD/100

(1+ ) M

YLD/100

M

CPN

N

k=1

(N1+B/D )

(k1+B/D )

CST = PRC + INT

D

A

M

CPN

M

PRC =

RDV M

CPN

(1+ ) M

YLD/100 n (1+ )

M

YLD/100 k

INT = 0

CST = PRC

n

k=1

For more than one coupon period to redemption

Term (Using the Setup Screen: Bond Date)

u Annual Yield (YLD)

YLD is calculated using Newtons Method.

Note This calculator performs annual yield (YLD) calculations

using Newtons Method, which produces approximate values whose precision can be affected by various calculation conditions. Because of this, annual yield calculation results produced by this calculator should be used keeping the above limitation in mind, or the results should be verified.

E-78

kBreak-Even Mode (FC-200V only) The Break-Even (BEVN) Mode has six sub-modes that

you can use to perform various break-even point calculations.

A Entering the BEVN Mode Press B to enter the BEVN Mode.

A BEVN Mode Sub-modes BEV: Break-even point sales quantity and sales

amount, sales quantity and sales amount that attains a profit target, sales quantity and sales amount that attains a profit ratio

MOS: Margin of Safety DOL: Degree of Operating Leverage DFL: Degree of Financial Leverage DCL: Degree of Combined Leverage QTY CONV. (Quantity Conversion):

Sales quantity and related values

Use fc to select the sub-mode you want, and then press E to enter it.

kBEV Sub-mode (Break-Even Mode 1) Use the BEV sub-mode to calculate the break-even point

sales quantity and sales amount, sales quantity and sales amount that attains a profit target, and sales quantity and sales amount that attains a profit ratio.

The break-even point is the point where profit is 0 or the profit ratio is 0%.

E-79

A Entering the BEV Sub-mode 1. Press B to enter the Break-Even Mode.

2. Use fc to select BEV:EXE.

3. Press E. Value Input Screen

A Setting Values

No. Display Name Values Used in Examples

Profit or Profit Ratio PRF (Profit)

1 Set*1 (PRF/Ratio)

Sales Quantity or Sales Quantity Amount (B-Even) (Sales Quantity)

2 PRC Sales Price $100/unit

3 VCU Unit Variable Cost $50/unit

4 FC Fixed Cost $100,000

5 PRF*2 Profit $400,000

r%*2 Profit Ratio 40%

6 QBE*3 Sales Quantity 10,000 units

SBE*3 Sales Amount $1,000,000

*1 You can configure break-even point calculations to use profit (PRF) or profit ratio (r%). See the PRF/Ratio setting under Configuring Settings (page E-16).

You can configure break-even point calculations to use sales quantity (Quantity) or sales amount (Sales). See the B-Even setting under Configuring Settings (page E-16).

*2 This item becomes profit ratio (r%) when Ratio is selected for PRF/Ratio.

*3 This item becomes break-even sales amount (SBE) when Sales is selected for B-Even.

E-80

A Basic BEV Sub-mode Procedure Example 1: To calculate the break-even point sales

quantity (QBE)

1. Input the values for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 from the Setting Values table (page E-79).

For this example, use fc to select 1 Set:, and then press E.

Use fc to select PRF/Ratio, and then press E.

Press 1 to select PRF. Use fc to select 1 Set:, and then press E. Use fc to select

B-Even, and then press E.

Press 1 to select Quantity. Use fc to select 2

PRC, input 100, and then press E.

Use fc to select 3 VCU, input 50, and then press E.

Use fc to select 4 FC, input 100000, and then press E.

Use fc to select 5 PRF or r%, input 0, and then press E.

2. Select the value you want to calculate.

For this example, use fc to select 6 QBE.

E-81

3. Press l to perform the calculation.

A Other BEV Sub-mode Calculations Example 2: To calculate the break-even point sales

amount (SBE) 1. Select 2(Sales) for B-Even in step 1 of the basic

procedure (Example 1). 2. In step 2, select SBE.

Example 3: To calculate the sales quantity (QBE) required to attain a profit target ($400,000)

Input 400000 for PRF in step 1 of the basic procedure (Example 1).

Example 4: To calculate the sales amount (SBE) required to attain a profit target ($400,000)

1. Select 2(Sales) for B-Even and input 400000 for PRF in step 1 of the basic procedure (Example 1).

2. In step 2, select SBE.

Example 5: To calculate the sales quantity (QBE) required to attain a profit ratio target (40%)

Select 2(r%) for PRF/Ratio and input 40 for r% in step 1 of the basic procedure (Example 1).

Example 6: To calculate the sales amount (SBE) required to attain a profit ratio target (40%)

1. Select 2(r%) for PRF/Ratio and 2(Sales) for B-Even, and input 40 for r% in step 1 of the basic procedure (Example 1).

2. In step 2, select SBE.

Example 7: To calculate other values besides sales quantity and sales amount

You can calculate any one of the following five values by inputting values the other four: 2 Sales Price, 3 Unit Variable Cost, 4 Fixed Cost, 5 Profit or Profit Ratio, 6 Sales Quantity or Sales Amount.

E-82

A BEV Sub-mode Financial Calculation Variables (VARS)

Variables PRC, VCU, FC, PRF, r%, QBE, and SBE are used in the BEV sub-mode.

BEV sub-mode variable contents are cleared whenever you change to another mode other than the BEVN Mode sub-modes (BEV, MOS, DOL, DFL, DCL, QTY CONV.).

A Calculation Formulas u Profit (Setup Screen PRF/Ratio Setting: PRF)

PRC VCU

FC + PRF QBE =

PRC VCU

FC + PRF SBE = PRC

PRC VCU

QBE = FC

PRC

100 r%1

PRC VCU

SBE = FC

100 r%1

u Profit Ratio (Setup Screen PRF/Ratio Setting: r%)

QBE : Sales Quantity FC : Fixed Cost PRF : Profit PRC : Sales Price VCU : Unit Variable Cost SBE : Sales Amount r% : Profit Ratio

kMargin of Safety Sub-mode (Break-Even Mode 2)

The Margin of Safety (MOS) sub-mode lets you calculate how much sales can be reduced before losses start to be sustained, in the case that the expected sales amount is not attained.

E-83

A Entering the MOS Sub-mode 1. Press B to enter the Break-Even Mode.

2. Use fc to select MOS:EXE.

3. Press E. Value Input Screen

A Setting Values

No. Display Name Values Used in Examples

1 SAL Sales Amount $1,200,000

2 SBE Break-even Sales Amount $1,000,000

3 MOS Margin of Safety 0.1667(16.67%)

A Basic MOS Sub-mode Procedure Example 1: To calculate the margin of safety (MOS)

1. Input the required values from the Setting Values table above.

For this example, use fc to select 1 SAL, input 1200000, and then press E.

Use fc to select 2 SBE, input 1000000, and then press E.

2. Select the value you want to calculate.

For this example, use fc to select 3 MOS.

3. Press l to perform the calculation.

E-84

A Other MOS Sub-mode Calculations Example 2: To calculate a sales amount (SAL) or break-

even sales amount (SBE) Use the basic procedure (Example 1), substituting the

required values.

A MOS Sub-mode Financial Calculation Variables (VARS)

Variables SAL, SBE, and MOS are used in the MOS sub- mode.

MOS sub-mode variable contents are cleared whenever you change to another mode other than the BEVN Mode sub-modes (BEV, MOS, DOL, DFL, DCL, QTY CONV.).

A Calculation Formula

SAL : Sales Amount SBE : Break-even Sales Amount MOS : Margin of Safety

kDegree of Operating Leverage Sub- mode (Break-Even Mode 3)

The Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL) sub-mode lets you calculate how profit changes relative to a change in the sales amount.

A Entering the DOL Sub-mode 1. Press B to enter the Break-Even Mode.

2. Use fc to select DOL:EXE.

3. Press E. Value Input Screen

SAL MOS =

SAL SBE

E-85

A Setting Values

No. Display Name Values Used in Examples

1 SAL Sales Amount $1,200,000

2 VC Variable Cost $600,000

3 FC Fixed Cost $200,000

4 DOL Degree of Operating Leverage 1.5

A Basic DOL Sub-mode Procedure Example 1: To calculate the degree of operating leverage

(DOL)

1. Input the required values from the Setting Values table above.

For this example, use fc to select 1 SAL, input 1200000, and then press E.

Use fc to select 2 VC, input 600000, and then press E.

Use fc to select 3 FC, input 200000, and then press E.

2. Select the value you want to calculate.

For this example, use fc to select 4 DOL.

3. Press l to perform the calculation.

A Other DOL Sub-mode Calculations Example 2: To calculate the sales amount (SAL), variable

cost (VC), and fixed cost (FC) Use the basic procedure (Example 1), substituting the

required values.

E-86

A DOL Sub-mode Financial Calculation Variables (VARS)

Variables SAL, VC, FC, and DOL are used in the DOL sub-mode.

DOL sub-mode variable contents are cleared whenever you change to another mode other than the BEVN Mode sub-modes (BEV, MOS, DOL, DFL, DCL, QTY CONV.).

A Calculation Formula

SAL : Sales Amount VC : Variable Cost FC : Fixed Cost DOL : Degree of Operating Leverage

SAL VC FC DOL =

SAL VC

kDegree of Financial Leverage Sub- mode (Break-Even Mode 4)

The Degree of Financial Leverage (DFL) sub-mode lets you calculate the influence of interest on earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT).

A Entering the DFL Sub-mode 1. Press B to enter the Break-Even Mode.

2. Use fc to select DFL:EXE.

3. Press E. Value Input Screen

A Setting Values

No. Display Name Values Used in Examples

1 EIT Earnings Before Interest and

$400,000Taxes (EBIT)

2 ITR Interest $80,000

3 DFL Degree of Financial Leverage 1.25

E-87

A Basic DFL Sub-mode Procedure Example 1: To calculate the degree of financial leverage

(DFL)

1. Input the required values from the Setting Values table (page E-86).

For this example, use fc to select 1 EIT, input 400000, and then press E.

Use fc to select 2 ITR, input 80000, and then press E.

2. Select the value you want to calculate.

For this example, use fc to select 3 DFL.

3. Press l to perform the calculation.

A Other DFL Sub-mode Calculations Example 2: To calculate earnings before interest and

taxes (EBIT), and interest (ITR) Use the basic procedure (Example 1), substituting the

required values.

A DFL Sub-mode Financial Calculation Variables (VARS)

Variables EIT, ITR, and DFL are used in the DFL sub- mode.

DFL sub-mode variable contents are cleared whenever you change to another mode other than the BEVN Mode sub-modes (BEV, MOS, DOL, DFL, DCL, QTY CONV.).

E-88

A Calculation Formula

EIT : Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT) ITR : Interest DFL : Degree of Financial Leverage

kDegree of Combined Leverage Sub- mode (Break-Even Mode 5)

The Degree of Combined Leverage (DCL) sub-mode lets you calculate the degree of operating leverage (percent change in profit due to a change in sales amount), with interest taken into consideration.

A Entering the DCL Sub-mode 1. Press B to enter the Break-Even Mode.

2. Use fc to select DCL:EXE.

3. Press E. Value Input Screen

A Setting Values

No. Display Name Values Used in Examples

1 SAL Sales Amount $1,200,000

2 VC Variable Cost $600,000

3 FC Fixed Cost $200,000

4 ITR Interest $100,000

5 DCL Degree of Combined Leverage 2

EIT ITR DFL =

EIT

E-89

A Basic DCL Sub-mode Procedure Example 1: To calculate the degree of combined leverage

(DCL)

1. Input the required values from the Setting Values table (page E-88).

For this example, use fc to select 1 SAL, input 1200000, and then press E.

Use fc to select 2 VC, input 600000, and then press E.

Use fc to select 3 FC, input 200000, and then press E.

Use fc to select 4 ITR, input 100000, and then press E.

2. Select the value you want to calculate.

For this example, use fc to select 5 DCL.

3. Press l to perform the calculation.

A Other DCL Sub-mode Calculations Example 2: To calculate the sales amount (SAL), variable

cost (VC), fixed cost (FC), and interest (ITR) Use the basic procedure (Example 1), substituting the

required values.

A DCL Sub-mode Financial Calculation Variables (VARS)

Variables SAL, VC, FC, ITR, and DCL are used in the DCL sub-mode.

DCL sub-mode variable contents are cleared whenever you change to another mode other than the BEVN Mode sub-modes (BEV, MOS, DOL, DFL, DCL, QTY CONV.).

E-90

A Calculation Formula

SAL : Sales Amount VC : Variable Cost FC : Fixed Cost ITR : Interest DCL : Degree of Combined Leverage

kQuantity Conversion Sub-mode (Break-Even Mode 6)

The Quantity Conversion (QTY CONV.) sub-mode lets you calculate the sales amount, sales price, or sales quantity after inputting the other two values.

You can also calculate the variable cost, unit variable cost, or sales quantity after inputting the other two values.

A Entering the QTY CONV. Sub-mode 1. Press B to enter the Break-Even Mode.

2. Use fc to select QTY CONV.:EXE.

3. Press E. Value Input Screen

SAL VC FC ITR DCL =

SAL VC

E-91

A Setting Values

No. Display Name Values Used in Examples

1 SAL Sales Amount $100,000

2 PRC Sales Price $200/unit

3 QTY Sales Quantity 500 units

4 VC Variable Cost $15,000

5 VCU Unit Variable Cost $30/unit

6 QTY Sales Quantity 500 units

A Basic QTY CONV. Sub-mode Procedure Example 1: To calculate the sales quantity (QTY) from the

sales amount and sales price

1. Input the required values from among 1, 2, and 3 in the Setting Values table above.

In this example, use fc to select 1 SAL, input 100000, and then press E.

Use fc to select 2 PRC, input 200, and then press E.

2. Select the value you want to calculate.

In this example, use fc to select 3 QTY.

3. Press l to perform the calculation.

The result of a 3 QTY (sales quantity) calculation is also assigned to variable 6 QTY.

Example 2: To calculate the sales amount (SAL) and sales price (PRC)

Use the same procedure as Example 1, substituting the required values.

E-92

Example 3: To calculate the sales quantity (QTY) from variable cost and unit variable cost

1. Input the required values from among 4, 5, and 6 in the Setting Values table (page E-91).

In this example, use fc to select 4 VC, input 15000, and then press E.

Use fc to select 5 VCU, input 30, and then press E.

2. Select the value you want to calculate.

In this example, use fc to select 6 QTY.

3. Press l to perform the calculation.

The result of a 6 QTY (sales quantity) calculation is also assigned to variable 3 QTY.

Example 4: To calculate the variable cost (VC) and unit variable cost (VCU)

Use the same procedure as Example 3, substituting the required values.

A QTY CONV. Sub-mode Financial Calculation Variables (VARS)

Variables SAL, PRC, QTY, VC, and VCU are used in the QTY CONV. sub-mode.

QTY CONV. sub-mode variable contents are cleared whenever you change to another mode other than the BEVN Mode sub-modes (BEV, MOS, DOL, DFL, DCL, QTY CONV.).

E-93

SAL = PRC QTY VC = VCU QTY

A Calculation Formulas

SAL : Sales Amount PRC : Sales Price QTY : Sales Quantity VC : Variable Cost VCU : Unit Variable Cost

E-94

Shortcuts kCustom Shortcut Keys You can assign a mode, setup information, a value, or a calculation expression to a shortcut key for instant access whenever you need it. This feature comes in handy when you need to often perform the same calculation or input the same data.

A Using Shortcut Keys Example: To configure the shortcut keys to simplify

calculation of the value of the following installment savings plan

Compound annual interest rate (I): 3% Payment period (Payment): End Initial deposit (PV): $1,000 Monthly deposit (PMT): $50 Number of annual payments (P/Y): 12 Number of annual compoundings (C/Y): 12

Tax on interest (10%)

u To configure the SHORTCUT1 key

1. Press c to enter the Compound Interest Mode.

2. Input the applicable values for Payment, I, PV, PMT, P/Y, and C/Y. See Compound Interest Mode (page E-44) for more

information.

3. Use fc to select n.

4. Press 1t(STO). A number sign (#) next to Shortcut1 or Shortcut2

indicates that there is already data assigned to the key. Performing the following steps will replace any existing data with the new data.

STO

E-95

5. Use fc to select Shortcut1, and then press E.

6. In response to the confirmation screen that appears, press E(Yes). If you want to cancel this operation without assigning

anything to 1(Shortcut1) key, press E instead of E in step 6.

u To configure the SHORTCUT2 key

1. Press m to enter the COMP Mode.

2. Input the formula shown below.

(FV ((PV) + (PMT) n)) 0.9 + ((PV) + (PMT) n)

FV, PV and n are financial calculation variables (VARS).

3. Perform the same operation as steps 4, 5, and 6 under To configure the SHORTCUT1 key to assign the above formula to Shortcut2.

u To use the configured shortcut keys in a calculation

Example: To calculate the value of the savings plan after five years (n = 60 months)

1. Press 1(Shortcut1). This enters the mode

(CMPD) and configures the settings assigned to the 1(Shortcut1) key, and selects n for input.

2. Input 60, and then press E. Since all other input is performed by the data assigned

to the 1 (Shortcut1) key, this is the only input required. To calculate the value for a different length of time, simply input the applicable number of months.

STO

E-96

3. Use fc to select FV, and then press l to perform the calculation. This calculates the future value of the investment after

five years. The result appears on the display and is stored in Answer Memory (Ans).

4. Press 2(Shortcut2). This recalls the formula

(for calculating tax) assigned to the 2(Shortcut2) key.

5. Press E. Pressing the E key

calculates the net amount received after application of a 10% tax to the interest amount.

A Initializing the Custom Shortcut Settings 1. O19(CLR)

2. Shortcut:EXE (fc), then E.

3. 1(Shortcut1) or 2(Shortcut2)

4. A

Note STAT Mode data and operations cannot be assigned to

the custom shortcut keys in the STAT Mode. In the CASH Mode, you cannot assign receipt and

payment amounts (for input on the value input screen) to custom shortcut keys.

Calculation history memory contents (page E-33) cannot be assigned to a shortcut key.

Contrast data and operations cannot be assigned to the custom shortcut keys.

kFunction Shortcut Keys In the COMP Mode, the 1 (Shortcut1) and 2(Shortcut2) keys become function shortcut keys named FMEM1 and FMEM2.

E-97

u To configure an FMEM key

Example: To assign the function sin1 to the FMEM1 key

1. Press m to enter the COMP Mode.

2. (1) t

(2) sin1 (fc), then E.

3. Press 1t(STO).

A number sign (#) next to FMEM1 or FMEM2 indicates that there is already data assigned to the key. Performing the following steps will replace any existing data with the new data.

4. Use fc to select FMEM1, and then press E.

5. In response to the confirmation screen that appears, press E(Yes). If you want to cancel this operation without assigning

anything to the FMEM1 key, press E instead of E in step 5.

u To use the configured function memory key in a calculation

Example: To recall the inverse sin function assigned to the FMEM1 key

Press 11(FMEM1).

A Initializing the Function Shortcut Settings 1. O19(CLR)

2. FMEM:EXE (fc), then E.

3. 1(FMEM1) or 2(FMEM2)

4. A

STO

E-98

Function Calculations This section explains how to use the calculators built-in functions. Certain function calculations may take some time to

display calculation results. Before performing an operation, be sure to wait until execution of the current operation is complete. You can interrupt an ongoing operation by pressing A.

Pressing t will display a menu of functions that you can use to select the one you want to input. You can also use a direct key operation to input the following functions.

FC-200V Rnd(, sin(, cos(, tan(, x2, '(, ^(, e^(, ln(

FC-100V Rnd(, sin(, cos(, tan(, e^(, 10^(, ^(, ln(, log(, x'(

All calculations in this section are performed in the COMP Mode (g).

kPi () and Natural Logarithm Base e You can input pi () or natural logarithm base e into a calculation. The following shows the required key operations and the values this calculator uses for pi () and e.

= 3.14159265358980 (15()) e = 2.71828182845904 (S5(e))

kTrigonometric and Inverse Trigonometric Functions

The angle unit required by trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions is one specified as the calculators default angle unit. Before performing a calculation, be sure to specify the default angle unit you want to use. See Configuring Settings (page E-16) for more information.

E-99

Example: sin 30 = 0.5, sin10.5 = 30

z 11(sin)30)E

1. t

2. sin1 (fc), then E.

3. 0.5)E

kHyperbolic and Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

Example: sinh 1 = 1.175201194, cosh1 1 = 0

1. t

2. sinh (fc), then E.

3. 1)E

1. t

2. cosh1 (fc), then E.

3. 1)E

kConverting an Input Value to the Calculators Default Angle Unit

After inputting a value, press 1G(DRG') to display the angle unit specification menu shown below. Press the number key that corresponds to the angle unit of the input value. The calculator will automatically convert it to the calculators default angle unit.

Example 1: To convert the following values to degrees:

radians = 90, 50 grads = 45

The following procedure assumes that the calculators default angle unit is degrees.

2

E-100

z (15()/2) 1G(DRG')2(r)E

501G(DRG') 3(g)E

Example 2: cos ( radians) = 1, cos (100 grads) = 0

z 12(cos)15()

1G(DRG')2(r) E

12(cos)100 1G(DRG')3(g) E

Example 3: cos1 (1) = 180 cos1 (1) =

z 1. t

2. cos1 (fc), then E.

3. y1)E

Z 1. t

2. cos1 (fc), then E.

3. y1)E

kExponential Functions and Logarithmic Functions

For the logarithmic function log(, you can specify base m using the syntax log (m, n). If you input only a single value, a base of 10 is used for the calculation.

ln( is a natural logarithm function with base e.

E-101

Example 1: log216 = 4

1. t

2. log( (fc), then E.

3. 21)(,)16)E

Example 2: log16 = 1.204119983

1. t

2. log( (fc), then E.

3. 16)E

A base of 10 (common logarithm) is used if no base is specified.

Example 3: ln 90 (= loge90) = 4.49980967 1. t

2. ln( (fc), then E.

3. 90)E

Example 4: ln e = 1

1. t

2. ln( (fc), then E.

3. S5(e) E

Example 5: e10 = 22026.46579

1. t

2. e^( (fc), then E.

3. 10)E

kPower Functions and Power Root Functions

Example 1: 1.2 103 = 1200

1. 1.2*t

2. 10^( (fc), then E.

3. 3)E

E-102

Example 2: (1 + 1)2+2 = 16

1. (1+1)t

2. ^( (fc), then E.

3. 2+2)E

Example 3: 23 = 8

1. 2t

2. 3 (fc), then E.

3. E

Example 4: ('2 + 1) ('2 1) = 1

1. (t

2. '( (fc), then E.

3. 2)+1)(t

4. '( (fc), then E. 5. 2)-1)E

Example 5: 5 32 = 2

1. 5t

2. x'( (fc), then E.

3. 32)E

Example 6: 3'5 + 3 27 = 1.290024053

1. t

2. 3'( (fc), then E.

3. 5)+t

4. 3'( (fc), then E. 5. y27)E

E-103

kRectangular-Polar Coordinate Conversion

Rectangular Polar Coordinates Coordinates (Rec) (Pol)

Converting to Polar Coordinates (Pol) Pol(X, Y) X: Specifies the rectangular coordinate X value

Y: Specifies the rectangular coordinate Y value

Calculation result is displayed in the range of 180 < < 180.

Calculation result is displayed using the calculators default angle unit.

Calculation result r is assigned to variable X, while is assigned to Y.

Converting to Rectangular Coordinates (Rec) Rec(r,) r : Specifies r value of polar coordinate

: Specifies value of polar coordinate

Input value is treated as an angle value, in accordance with the calculators default angle unit setting.

Calculation result x is assigned to variable X, while y is assigned to Y.

If you perform coordinate conversion inside of an expression instead of a stand-alone operation, the calculation is performed using only the first value (either the r-value or the X-value) produced by the conversion. Example: Pol ('2, '2) + 5 = 2 + 5 = 7

E-104

Example 1: (X, Y) = ('2, '2) (r, )

z 1. t

2. Pol( (fc), then E.

3. 15(')2) 1)(,)15(') 2))E

Example 2: (r, ) = (2, 30) (X, Y)

z 1. t

2. Rec( (fc), then E.

3. 21)(,)30)E

kOther Functions This section explains how to use the functions shown below.

!, Abs(, Ran#, nPr, nCr, Rnd(

A Factorial (!) This function obtains the factorials of a value that is zero or a positive integer. Example: (5 + 3)! = 40320

1. (5+3)t

2. ! (fc), then E.

3. E

E-105

A Absolute Value Calculation (Abs) When you are performing a real number calculation, this function simply obtains the absolute value. Example: Abs (2 7) = 5

1. t

2. Abs( (fc), then E.

3. 2-7)E

A Random Number (Ran#) This function generates a 3-digit pseudo random number that is less than 1. Example: To generate three 3-digit random numbers.

The random 3 digit decimal values are converted to 3- digit integer values by multiplying by 1000. Note that the values shown here are examples only. Values actually generated by your calculator will be different.

1. 1000t

2. Ran# (fc), then E.

3. E

E

E

E-106

A Permutation (nPr) and Combination (nCr) These functions make it possible to perform permutation and combination calculations. n and r must be integers in the range of 0 < r < n < 1 1010.

Example: How many four-person permutations and combinations are possible for a group of 10 people?

1. 10t

2. P (fc), then E.

3. 4E

1. 10t

2. C (fc), then E.

3. 4E

A Rounding Function (Rnd) This function rounds the value or the result of the expression in the functions argument to the number of significant digits specified by the number of display digits setting.

Display Digits Setting: Norm1 or Norm2 The mantissa is rounded to 10 digits.

Display Digits Setting: Fix or Sci The value is rounded to the specified number of digits.

Example: 200 7 14 = 400

200/7*14E

(Specifies three decimal places.)

1. s FIX

2. Fix (fc), then E.

3. 3 4. E 5. E

E-107

(Calculation is performed internally using 15 digits.)

200/7E

FIX

*14E

FIX

The following performs the same calculation with rounding.

200/7E

FIX

(Round the value to the specified number of digits.)

10(Rnd)E

FIX

(Check rounded result.)

*14E

FIX

E-108

Statistical Calculation All calculations in this section are performed in the STAT Mode (7).

A Selecting a Statistical Calculation Type In the STAT Mode, display the statistical calculation type selection screen.

kStatistical Calculation Types Use fc to select Item, and then press E.

Menu Item Statistical Calculation

1-VAR Single-variable

A+BX Linear regression

_+CX2 Quadratic regression

In X Logarithmic regression

e^X e exponential regression

AB^X ab exponential regression

AX^B Power regression

1/X Inverse regression

k Inputting Sample Data

A Displaying the STAT Editor Screen The STAT editor screen appears after you enter the STAT Mode from another mode. Use the STAT menu to select a statistical calculation type. To display the STAT editor screen from another STAT Mode screen, press 17(S-MENU)2(Data).

Note The STAT editor and the D.Editor x of the CASH Mode

use the same memory area to store data.

E-109

A STAT Editor Screen There are two STAT editor screen formats, depending on the type of statistical calculation you selected.

Single-variable Statistics Paired-variable Statistics

The first line of the STAT editor screen shows the value for the first sample or for the values for their first pair of samples.

A FREQ (Frequency) Column If you turn on the Statistical Display item on the calculators setup screen, a column labeled FREQ will also be included on the STAT editor screen. You can use the FREQ column to specify the frequency (the number of times the same sample appears in the group of data) of each sample value.

A Rules for Inputting Sample Data on the STAT Editor Screen

Data you input is inserted into the cell where the cursor is located. Use fcde to move the cursor between cells.

The values and expressions you can input on the STAT editor screen are the same as those you can input in the COMP Mode. Note, however, that the following functions are not available on the STAT editor screen: multiple operations in calculation history memory, multi-statement input, and assignment to financial calculation variables.

Pressing A while inputting data clears your current input. After inputting a value, press E. This registers the value

and displays up to six of its digits in the currently selected cell.

STAT STAT

STAT

Cursor

E-110

Example: To input the value 123.45 in cell X1

(Move the cursor to cell X1.)

123.45

STAT

E

STAT

Registering a value causes the cursor to move down one cell.

A STAT Editor Screen Input Precautions The number of lines in STAT editor screen (the number

of sample data values you can input) depends on the type of statistical data you selected, and on the Statistical Display setting of the calculators setup screen (page E-21).

The following types of input are not allowed on the STAT editor screen. m, 1m(M) operations Assignment to variables (STO) Financial Calculation Variables (VARS)

A Precautions Concerning Sample Data Storage

The STAT Editor and the CASH Mode DataEditor store data in the same area.

Sample data you input is deleted automatically whenever you change the Statistical Display setting (which causes the FREQ column to be shown or hidden) on the calculators setup screen.

ON (FREQ column)

Statistical Display

Statistic Type

OFF (No FREQ column)

Single-variable Paired-variable

80 lines 40 lines

40 lines 26 lines

The value you input appears in the formula area.

E-111

A Editing Sample Data Replacing the Data in a Cell 1. On the STAT editor screen, move the cursor to the cell

you want to edit. 2. Input the new data value or expression, and then press E.

Important! Note that you must totally replace the existing data of the

cell with new input. You cannot edit parts of the existing data.

Deleting a Line 1. On the STAT editor screen, move the cursor to the line

you want to delete. 2. Y

Inserting a Line 1. On the STAT editor screen, move the cursor to the line

that will be under the line you will insert. 2. 17(S-MENU)3(Edit) 3. 1(Ins)

Important! Note that the insert operation will not work if the maximum

number of lines allowed for the STAT editor screen are already used.

Deleting All STAT Editor Contents 1. 1a(S-MENU)3(Edit) 2. 2(Del-A)

This clears all of the sample data on the STAT editor screen.

Note Note that you can perform the procedures under Inserting

a Line and Deleting All STAT Editor Contents only when the STAT editor screen is on the display.

kSTAT Calculation Screen The STAT calculation screen is for performing statistical calculations with the data you input with the STAT editor screen. Pressing the A key while the STAT editor screen is displayed switches to the STAT calculation screen.

E-112

kUsing the STAT Menu While the STAT editor screen or STAT calculation screen is on the display, press 17(S-MENU) to display the STAT menu. The content to the STAT menu depends on whether the currently selected statistical operation type uses a single variable or paired variables.

Single-variable Statistics Paired-variable Statistics

A STAT Menu Items Common Items

Select this When you want to do this:menu item:

1Type Display the statistical calculation type selection screen

2Data Display the STAT editor screen

3Edit Display the Edit sub-menu for editing STAT editor screen contents

4Sum Display the Sum sub-menu of commands for calculating sums

5Var Display the Var sub-menu of commands for calculating the mean, standard deviation, etc.

6MinMax Display the MinMax sub-menu of commands for obtaining maximum and minimum values

STAT STAT

E-113

Paired-variable Menu Item Select this

When you want to do this:menu item: Display the Reg sub-menu of commands for regression calculations For details see Commands when Lin-

ear Regression Calculation (A+BX) Is 7Reg Selected on page E-117 and Com-

mands when Quadratic Regression Calculation (_+CX2) Is Selected on page E-121.

A Single-variable (1-VAR) Statistical Calculation Commands

The following are the commands that appear on the sub- menus that appear when you select 4(Sum), 5(Var) or 6(MinMax) on the STAT menu while a single-variable statistical calculation type is selected. Calculation formula used for each command

o x n=

xn n

= (x o)2

xn 1 n 1

= (x o)2

Sum Sub-menu (17(S-MENU)4(Sum)) Select this

When you want to obtain this:menu item:

1x2 Sum of squares of the sample data

2x Sum of the sample data

Var Sub-menu (17(S-MENU)5(Var)) Select this

When you want to obtain this:menu item:

1n Number of samples

2o Mean of the sample data

3xn Population standard deviation

4xn1 Sample standard deviation

E-114

MinMax Sub-menu (17(S-MENU)6(MinMax)) Select this

When you want to obtain this:menu item:

1minX Minimum value

2maxX Maximum value

Single-variable Statistical Calculation

Example 1: To select single-variable (1-VAR) and input the following data: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

(FREQ: ON) Preparation

1. s

2. STAT (fc), then E.

3. 1(On)

7

E(1-VAR)

STAT

1E 2E 3E 4E STAT

5E 6E 7E 8E 9E 10E

A

STAT

Example 2: To edit the data to the following, using insert and delete: {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10}

(FREQ: ON)

17(S-MENU)2(Data)

STAT

E-115

17(S-MENU) STAT

3(Edit)1(Ins)

ccccccccY

STAT

A

STAT

Example 3: To edit the FREQ data to the following: {1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 2, 1} (FREQ: ON)

17(S-MENU)2(Data)e

STAT

c2E c2E 2E

STAT

2E 3E 4E 2E

A

STAT

Examples 4 through 7 all use the same data as Example 3.

Example 4: To calculate sum of squares of the sample data and sum of the sample data.

17(S-MENU)4(Sum)

1(x2)E

STAT

E-116

17(S-MENU)4(Sum) STAT

2(x)E

Example 5: To calculate number of samples, mean, and population standard deviation.

17(S-MENU)5(Var)

1(n)E

STAT

17(S-MENU)5(Var) STAT

2(o)E

17(S-MENU)5(Var) STAT

3(xn)E

Example 6: To calculate minimum value and maximum value.

17(S-MENU)6(MinMax)

1(minX)E

STAT

17(S-MENU)6(MinMax) STAT

2(maxX)E

E-117

A Commands when Linear Regression Calculation (A+BX) Is Selected

With linear regression, regression is performed in accordance with the following model equation.

y = A + BX The following are the commands that appear on the sub- menus that appear when you select 4(Sum), 5(Var), 6(MinMax), or 7(Reg) on the STAT menu while linear regression is selected as the statistical calculation type. Calculation formula used for each command

A = n y B.x

o x n=

m y A

B =

xn n

= (x o)2

xn 1 n 1

= (x o)2

p y n=

yn n

= (y p)2

yn 1 n 1

= (y p)2

B = n.x2 (x)2

n.xy x.y

r = {n .x2 (x)2}{n .y2 (y)2}

n .xy x.y

n = A + Bx

E-118

Sum Sub-menu (17(S-MENU)4(Sum)) Select this

When you want to obtain this:menu item:

1x2 Sum of squares of the X-data

2x Sum of the X-data

3y2 Sum of squares of the Y-data

4y Sum of the Y-data

5xy Sum of products of the X-data and Y-data

6x3 Sum of cubes of the X-data

7x2y Sum of (X-data squares Y-data)

8x4 Sum of biquadrate of the X-data

Var Sub-menu (17(S-MENU)5(Var)) Select this

When you want to obtain this:menu item:

1n Number of samples

2o Mean of the X-data

3xn Population standard deviation of the X-data

4xn1 Sample standard deviation of the X-data

5p Mean of the Y-data

6yn Population standard deviation of the Y-data

7yn1 Sample standard deviation of the Y-data

MinMax Sub-menu (17(S-MENU)6(MinMax)) Select this

When you want to obtain this:menu item:

1minX Minimum value of the X-data

2maxX Maximum value of the X-data

3minY Minimum value of the Y-data

4maxY Maximum value of the Y-data

E-119

Reg Sub-menu (17(S-MENU)7(Reg)) Select this

When you want to obtain this:menu item:

1A Regression coefficient constant term A

2B Regression coefficient B

3r Correlation coefficient r 4m Estimated value of x 5n Estimated value of y

Linear Regression Calculation Examples 8 through 10 all use the data input in Example

7. Example 7:

1. s

2. STAT (fc), then E.

3. 2(Off)

7

cE(A+BX)

STAT

1E 1.2E 1.5E 1.6E 1.9E 2.1E

STAT

2.4E 2.5E 2.7E 3E

x y 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.9 1.4

x y 2.1 1.5 2.4 1.6 2.5 1.7 2.7 1.8 3.0 2.0

E-120

ce1E

STAT

1.1E 1.2E 1.3E 1.4E 1.5E 1.6E

STAT

1.7E 1.8E 2E

A

STAT

Example 8:

17(S-MENU)4(Sum)

5(xy)E

STAT

17(S-MENU)5(Var)

3(xn)E

STAT

17(S-MENU) 6(MinMax)

4(maxY)E

STAT

E-121

Example 9:

17(S-MENU)7(Reg)

1(A)E

STAT

17(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)2(B)E

17(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)3(r)E

Example 10: Estimated Value (y = 3 m = ?)

y317(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)4(m)E

Estimated Value (x = 2 n = ?)

217(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)5(n)E

A Commands when Quadratic Regression Calculation (_+CX2) Is Selected

With quadratic regression, regression is performed in accordance with the following model equation.

y = A + BX + CX 2

E-122

Calculation formula used for each command

A = B( ) C( )n y

n x

n x2

B = Sxx.Sx2x2

(Sxx2)2

Sxy.Sx2x2 Sx2y.Sxx2

C = Sxx.Sx2x2 (Sxx2)2

Sx2y.Sxx Sxy.Sxx2

(x)2

Sxx = x2 n

Sxy = xy n

(x.y)

Sxx2 = x3

n (x.x2)

Sx2x2 = x4

n (x2)2

Sx2y = x2y n

(x2.y)

m1 = 2C

B + B2 4C(A y)

m2 = 2C

B B2 4C(A y)

n = A + Bx + Cx2

Reg Sub-menu (17(S-MENU)7(Reg))

Select this When you want to obtain this:

menu item:

1A Regression coefficient constant term A

2B Linear coefficient B of the regression coefficients

3C Quadratic coefficient C of the regression coefficients

4m1 Estimated value of x1

5m2 Estimated value of x2

6n Estimated value of y

E-123

Sum sub-menu (sums), Var sub-menu (number of samples, mean, standard deviation), and MinMax sub- menu (maximum value, minimum value) operations are the same those for linear regression calculations.

Quadratic Regression Calculation Examples 11 through 13 all use the data input in Example

7 (page E-119).

Example 11:

17(S-MENU)1(Type)

ccE(_+CX2)

STAT

A

STAT

Example 12:

17(S-MENU)7(Reg)

1(A)E

STAT

17(S-MENU)7(Reg) STAT

2(B)E

17(S-MENU)7(Reg) STAT

3(C)E

E-124

Example 13: y = 3 m1 = ?

317(S-MENU)7(Reg) STAT

4(m1)E

y = 3 m2 = ?

317(S-MENU)7(Reg) STAT

5(m2)E

x = 2 n = ?

217(S-MENU)7(Reg) STAT

6(n)E

A Comments for Other Types of Regression For details about the calculation formula of the command included in each regression type, refer to the indicated calculation formulas.

Statistical Calculation Type Model Equation

Logarithmic Regression (ln X) y = A + BlnX

e Exponential Regression (e^X) y = AeBX

ab Exponential Regression y = ABX

(AB^X)

Power Regression (AX^B) y = AXB

Inverse Regression (1/X) y = A + X B

E-125

ab Exponential Regression (AB^X)

A = exp( )n lny B.x

B = exp( )n .x2 (x)2 n .xlny x .lny

r = {n .x2 (x)2}{n .(lny)2 (lny)2}

n .xlny x .lny

m = lnB

lny lnA

n = ABx

A = exp( )n lny B.x

B = n .x2 (x)2

n .xlny x .lny

r = {n .x2 (x)2}{n .(lny)2 (lny)2}

n .xlny x .lny

m = B

lny lnA

n = AeBx

e Exponential Regression (e^X)

Logarithmic Regression (ln X)

A = n y B.lnx

B = n .(lnx)2 (lnx)2

n .(lnx)y lnx .y

r = {n .(lnx)2 (lnx)2}{n .y2 (y)2}

n .(lnx)y lnx .y

n = A + Blnx m = e

y A B

E-126

A = n

y B.x1

B = Sxx Sxy

r =

Sxx = (x1)2

Syy = y2

Sxy = (x1)y

Sxx .Syy Sxy

n (x1)2

n x1.y

m = y A

B

n = A + x B

n (y)2

Inverse Regression (1/X)

A = exp( )n lny B.lnx

B = n .(lnx)2 (lnx)2

n .lnxlny lnx .lny

r = {n .(lnx)2 (lnx)2}{n .(lny)2 (lny)2}

n .lnxlny lnx .lny

m = e B ln y ln A

n = AxB

Power Regression (AX^B)

E-127

Comparison of Regression Curves The following example uses the data input in Example 7

(page E-119). Example 14: To compare the correlation coefficient for

logarithmic, e exponential, ab exponential, power, and inverse regression.

(FREQ: OFF)

17(S-MENU)1(Type)

cccE(In X)A STAT

17(S-MENU)7(Reg) 3(r)E

17(S-MENU)1(Type) STAT

ccccE(e^X)A 17(S-MENU)7(Reg)

3(r)E

17(S-MENU)1(Type) STAT

cccccE(AB^X) A17(S-MENU)7(Reg)

3(r)E

17(S-MENU)1(Type) STAT

ccccccE(AX^B) A17(S-MENU)7(Reg)

3(r)E

17(S-MENU)1(Type) STAT

cccccccE(1/X) A17(S-MENU)7(Reg)

3(r)E

E-128

Other Types of Regression Calculation

Example 15: y = A + Blnx

1. s

2. STAT (fc), then E.

3. 2(Off)

7cccE(ln X)

29E 50E

74E

STAT

103E 118E

ce1.6E 23.5E

STAT

38E 46.4E 48.9E

A17(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)1(A)E

17(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)2(B)E

17(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)3(r)E

x = 80 n = ?

8017(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)5(n)E

y = 73 m = ?

7317(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)4(m)E

x y 29 1.6 50 23.5 74 38.0

103 46.4 118 48.9

E-129

Example 16: y = AeBx

1. s

2. STAT (fc), then E.

3. 2(Off)

7ccccE(e^X)

6.9E 12.9E 19.8E

STAT

26.7E 35.1E

ce21.4E 15.7E

STAT

12.1E 8.5E 5.2E

A17(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)1(A)E

17(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)2(B)E

17(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)3(r)E

x = 16 n = ?

1617(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)5(n)E

y = 20 m = ?

2017(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)4(m)E

x y 6.9 21.4

12.9 15.7 19.8 12.1 26.7 8.5 35.1 5.2

E-130

Example 17: y = ABx

1. s

2. STAT (fc), then E.

3. 2(Off)

7cccccE(AB^X)

y1E 3E 5E

STAT

10E

ce0.24E 4E

STAT

16.2E 513E

A17(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)1(A)E

17(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)2(B)E

17(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)3(r)E

x = 15 n = ?

1517(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)5(n)E

y = 1.02 m = ? 1.02

STAT

17(S-MENU) 7(Reg)4(m)E

x y 1 0.24

3 4 5 16.2

10 513

E-131

Example 18: y = AxB

1. s

2. STAT (fc), then E.

3. 2(Off)

7ccccccE(AX^B)

28E 30E 33E

STAT

35E 38E

ce2410E 3033E 3895E

STAT

4491E 5717E

A17(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)1(A)E

17(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)2(B)E

17(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)3(r)E

x = 40 n = ?

4017(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)5(n)E

y = 1000 m = ? 1000

17(S-MENU)

STAT

7(Reg)4(m)E

x y 28 2410 30 3033 33 3895 35 4491 38 5717

E-132

BExample 19: y = A + x 1. s

2. STAT (fc), then E.

3. 2(Off)

7cccccccE(1/X)

1.1E 2.1E STAT

2.9E 4E 4.9E

ce18.3E STAT

9.7E 6.8E 4.9E 4.1E

A17(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)1(A)E

17(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)2(B)E

17(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)3(r)E

x = 3.5 n = ?

3.517(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)5(n)E

y = 15 m = ?

1517(S-MENU) STAT

7(Reg)4(m)E

x y 1.1 18.3 2.1 9.7 2.9 6.8 4.0 4.9 4.9 4.1

E-133

A Command Usage Tips The commands included in the Reg sub-menu can take

a long time to execute in logarithmic, e exponential, ab exponential, or power regression calculation when there are a large number of data samples.

E-134

Technical Information kCalculation Priority Sequence The calculator performs calculations according to a calculation priority sequence. Basically, calculations are performed from left to right. Expressions within parentheses have the highest priority. The following shows the priority sequence for each

individual command.

1. Function with parentheses: Pol(, Rec( sin(, cos(, tan(, sin1(, cos1(, tan1(, sinh(, cosh(, tanh(, sinh1(, cosh1(, tanh1( log(, ln(, e^(, 10^(, '(, 3'( Abs( Rnd(

2. Functions preceded by values, powers, power roots: x2, x3, x1, x!, , r, g, ^(, x'( Percent: %

3. Prefix symbol: () (negative sign) 4. Statistical estimated value calculation: m, n, m1, m2 5. Permutations, combinations: nPr, nCr 6. Multiplication and division: ,

Multiplication where sign is omitted: Multiplication sign omitted immediately before , e, variables (2, 5A, A, etc.), functions with parentheses (2'(3), Asin(30), etc.)

7. Addition and subtraction: +,

If a calculation contains a negative value, you may need to enclose the negative value in parentheses. If you want to square the value 2, for example, you need to input: (2)2. This is because x2 is a function preceded by a value (Priority 2, above), whose priority is greater than the negative sign, which is a prefix symbol (Priority 3).

E-135

Example:

22 = 4 1. y2

2. t

3. 2 (fc), then E.

4. E

(2)2 = 4 1. (y2)

2. t

3. 2 (fc), then E.

4. E

Multiplication and division, and multiplication where the sign is omitted are the same priority (Priority 6), so these operations are performed from left to right when both types are mixed in the same calculation. Enclosing an operation within parentheses causes it to be performed first, so the use of parentheses can result in different calculation results.

Example: 1 2 = 1.570796327 1/215()E 1 (2) = 0.1591549431 1/(215()

E

E-136

kStack Limitations This calculator uses memory areas called stacks to temporarily store lower calculation priority sequence values, commands, and functions. The numeric stack has 10 levels and the command stack has 24 levels, as shown in the illustration below.

A Stack ERROR occurs when the calculation you are performing causes the capacity of either stack to be exceeded.

Numeric Stack Command Stack 1

2

3

4

5

2

3

4

5

4

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

E-137

kCalculation Ranges, Number of Digits, and Precision

The calculation range, number of digits used for internal calculation, and calculation precision depends on the type of calculation you are performing.

Calculation Range and Precision Calculation Range 1 1099 to 9.999999999

1099 or 0

Number of Digits for Internal Calculation

15 digits

Precision In general, 1 at the 10th digit for a single calculation. Precision for exponential display is 1 at the least significant digit. Errors are cumulative in the case of consecutive calculations.

Function Calculation Input Ranges and Precision

Functions Input Range

sinx DEG 0 x 9109

RAD 0 x 157079632.7 GRA 0 x 11010

cosx DEG 0 x 9109

RAD 0 x 157079632.7 GRA 0 x 11010

tanx DEG Same as sinx, except when x= (2n1)90. RAD Same as sinx, except when x= (2n1)/2. GRA Same as sinx, except when x= (2n1)100.

sin1x 0 x 1

cos1x

tan1x 0 x 9.9999999991099

sinhx 0 x 230.2585092

coshx sinh1x 0 x 4.9999999991099

cosh1x 1 x 4.9999999991099

tanhx 0 x 9.9999999991099

E-138

Functions Input Range tanh1x 0 x 9.999999999101

logx/lnx 0 x 9.9999999991099

10x 9.9999999991099 x 99.99999999 ex 9.9999999991099 x 230.2585092 'x 0 x 1 10100

x2 x 1 1050

1/x x 1 10100 ; x G 0 3'x x 1 10100

x! 0 x 69 (x is an integer)

nPr 0 n 11010, 0 r n (n, r are integers) 1 {n!/(nr)!} 110100

nCr 0 n 11010, 0 r n (n, r are integers) 1 n!/r! 110100 or 1 n!/(nr)! 110100

Pol(x, y) x, y 9.9999999991099

x2+y2 9.9999999991099

Rec(r, ) 0 r 9.9999999991099

: Same as sinx x0: 110100 ylogx100

^(xy) x0: y0 x0: yn, (m, n are integers)

However: 110100 ylogx100

y0: x G 0, 1101001/x logy100

x'y y0: x0 y0: x2n1, (m G 0; m, n are integers)

However: 110100 1/x logy100

Precision is basically the same as that described under Calculation Range and Precision on page E-137.

^(xy), x'y, 3', x!, nPr, nCr type functions require consecutive internal calculation, which can cause accumulation of errors that occur with each calculation.

Error is cumulative and tends to be large in the vicinity of a functions singular point and inflection point.

m 2n+1

2n+1 m

E-139

Financial Calculation Ranges P/Y

Natural number from 1 to 9999 C/Y PM1 Integer from 1 to 9999 PM2 PM1 < PM2

January 1, 1901 through December 31, 2099 d1 January 1, 1902 through December 30, 2097

(BOND Mode only) January 1, 1901 through December 31, 2099

d2 January 2, 1902 through December 31, 2097 (BOND Mode only)

j Positive natural number YR1 Natural number from 1 to 12

kSpecial Financial Calculation Error Messages

Compound Interest Mode When calculating n I < 100 ........................................ Math ERROR

When calculating I PV, PMT, FV are the same sign

................................................... Math ERROR n < 0 ................................................. Math ERROR

When calculating PV, PMT, FV I < 100 ........................................ Math ERROR

Cash Flow Mode When calculating NPV I < 100 ........................................ Math ERROR

When calculating IRR Calculated IRR is IRR < 50 .......... Math ERROR All Receipt/Payment values are the same sign

................................................... Math ERROR

E-140

Depreciation Mode When calculating Depreciation

One or more of PV, FV, i% is negative value ................................................... Math ERROR

n > 255 ............................................. Math ERROR j > n + 1 (YR1 G 12) ........................ Math ERROR YR1 > 12 ................................... Argument ERROR

Bond Mode When calculating PRC

RDV > 0, CPN > 0 not satisfied ........ Math ERROR

When calculating YLD CPN is greater than 0: RDV > 0, PRC < 0 not satisfied

................................................... Math ERROR CPN is 0: RDV > 0, PRC < 0 not satisfied

................................................... Math ERROR

kError Messages The calculator will display an error message when a result exceeds the calculation range, when you attempt an illegal input, or whenever any other similar problem occurs.

A When an error message appears... The following are general operations you can use when any error message appears. Pressing d or e displays to the calculation expression

editing screen you were using before the error message appeared, with the cursor located at the position of the error. For more information, see Displaying the Location of an Error on page E-27.

Pressing A clears the calculation expression you input before the error message appeared. You can then re- input and re-execute the calculation, if you want. Note that in this case, the original calculation will not be retained in calculation history memory.

See Special Financial Calculation Error Messages (E-139) for information about error messages that may occur during financial calculations.

E-141

Math ERROR Cause

The intermediate or final result of the calculation you are performing exceeds the allowable calculation range.

Your input exceeds the allowable input range. The calculation you are performing contains an illegal

mathematical operation (such as division by zero). Action

Check the input values to ensure they are within the applicable calculation range. See Calculation Ranges, Numbers of Digits, and Precision on page E-137.

When using independent memory or a variable as the argument of a function, make sure that the memory or variable value is within the allowable range for the function.

Stack ERROR Cause

The calculation you are performing has caused the capacity of the numeric stack or the command stack to be exceeded.

Action Simplify the calculation expression so it does not exceed

the capacity of the stack. Try splitting the calculation into two or more parts.

Syntax ERROR Cause

There is a problem with the format of the calculation you are performing.

Action Make necessary corrections.

Insufficient MEM Error Cause

The number of bytes required to store the calculation you are inputting exceeds the maximum capacity (89 bytes) for Shortcut key assignment.

Action Divide the calculation into smaller parts. Normally the input cursor appears as a straight vertical

(I) or horizontal ( ) flashing line on the display screen. When there are 10 or fewer bytes of input remaining in

E-142

the current expression, the cursor changes shape to I to let you know. If the I cursor appears, terminate the expression at a convenient point and calculate the result.

Argument ERROR Cause

Financial conditions insufficient for financial calculations (such as YR1 > 12).

Action Check the input values to ensure they are within the

applicable calculation range. See Calculation Ranges, Numbers of Digits, and Precision on page E-137.

kBefore assuming malfunction of the calculator...

Perform the following steps whenever an error occurs during a calculation or when calculation results are not what you expected. If one step does not correct the problem, move on to the next step. Note that you should make separate copies of important data before performing these steps.

1. Check the calculation expression to make sure that it does not contain any errors.

2. Make sure that you are using the correct mode for the type of calculation you are trying to perform.

3. If the above steps do not correct your problem, press the O key. This will cause the calculator to perform a routine that checks whether calculation functions are operating correctly. If the calculator discovers any abnormality, it automatically initializes the calculation mode and clears memory contents. For details about initialized settings, see Initializing the Calculator on page E-3.

4. Initialize all modes and settings by performing the following operation:

(1)O19(CLR)

(2) All:EXE (fc), then E.

(3)E(Yes)

(4)A

E-143

Reference kPower Requirements and Battery

Replacement FC-200V Your calculator uses a TWO WAY POWER system that combines a solar cell with button battery LR44 1. Normally, calculators equipped with a solar cell alone can operate only when relatively bright light is present. The TWO WAY POWER system, however, lets you continue to use the calculator as long as there is enough light to read the display.

A Replacing the Battery The battery needs to be replaced after a specific number of years. Also, replace the battery immediately after display figures become dim. A low battery is indicated by a dim display, even if contrast is adjusted, or by failure of figures to appear on the display immediately after you turn on the calculator. If this happens, replace the battery with a new one.

Important! Removing the battery will cause all of the calculators

memory contents to be deleted.

1. Press 1A(OFF) to turn off the calculator.

2. On the back of the calculator, remove the screws and the cover.

3. Remove the battery, and then load a new battery with its plus (+) and minus () ends facing correctly.

4. Replace the cover.

E-144

5. Perform the following key operation:

(1) O19(CLR)

(2) All:EXE (fc), then E

(3) E(Yes)

(4) A

Make sure you perform the above key operation. Do not skip it.

Replacing the battery initializes the calculator, including the custom shortcut keys and function shortcut keys. See Initializing the Calculator (page E-3) for more information.

FC-100V This calculator is powered by a single AAA-size battery (R03 (UM-4)).

A Replacing the Battery The battery needs to be replaced after a specific number of years. Also, replace the battery immediately after display figures become dim. A low battery is indicated by a dim display, even if contrast is adjusted, or by failure of figures to appear on the display immediately after you turn on the calculator. If this happens, replace the battery with a new one.

Important! Removing the battery will cause all of the calculators

memory contents to be deleted.

E-145

1. Press 1A(OFF) to turn off the calculator.

2. On the back of the calculator, remove the screws and the cover.

3. Remove the battery, and then load a new battery with its plus (+) and minus () ends facing correctly.

4. Replace the cover.

5. Perform the following key operation:

(1) O19(CLR)

(2) All:EXE (fc), then E

(3) E(Yes)

(4) A

Make sure you perform the above key operation. Do not skip it.

E-146

Specifications FC-200V Power Requirements:

Built-in solar cell; button battery LR44 1

Battery Life: Approximately 3 years (based on one hour of operation per day)

Operating Temperature: 0C to 40C Dimensions: 11.1 (H) 77 (W) 161.5 (D) mm

3/8 (H) 3 (W) 63/8 (D) Approximate Weight: 95 g (3.4 oz) including the battery

FC-100V Power Requirements:

AAA-size battery R03 (UM-4) 1 Battery Life: Approximately 2 years (based on one hour

of operation per day) Power Consumption: 0.0002 W Operating Temperature: 0C to 40C Dimensions: 13.8 (H) 77 (W) 161.5 (D) mm

1/2 (H) 3 (W) 63/8 (D) Approximate Weight: 105 g (3.7 oz) including the battery

Manufacturer: CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. 6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan Responsible within the European Union: Casio Europe GmbH Casio-Platz 1, 22848 Norderstedt, Germany www.casio-europe.com

Manufacturer: CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. 6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan Responsible within the United Kingdom: Casio Electronics Co. Ltd. 10 Norwich Street, London, EC4A 1BD, U.K. www.casio.co.uk

SA2109-A 2021 CASIO COMPUTER CO.,

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