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Campbell Scientific CR-PVS1 System Product Manual PDF

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Summary of Content for Campbell Scientific CR-PVS1 System Product Manual PDF

CR-PVS1 PV Soiling Loss Index RTU

Revision: 04/2020 Copyright 2017 2020 Campbell Scientific, Inc.

Product Manual

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Table of Contents PDF viewers: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use the PDF reader bookmarks tab for links to specific sections.

1. Introduction................................................................ 1

2. Precautions ................................................................ 1

3. Initial Inspection ........................................................ 1

4. Overview .................................................................... 2

5. Specifications ............................................................ 3

5.1 Back-of-Panel Temperature Measurements .........................................3 5.2 Short-Circuit Current Measurements ...................................................4 5.3 Communications ..................................................................................4 5.4 System ..................................................................................................4 5.5 Power Requirements ............................................................................4 5.6 Compliance ..........................................................................................5 5.7 Physical ................................................................................................5

6. Installation ................................................................. 5

7. Operation ................................................................... 6

7.1 Measurement ........................................................................................6 7.2 Soiling Loss Index Details ...................................................................9

8. Maintenance ............................................................. 10

8.1 Offset Correction ................................................................................ 10

Appendices

A. Glossary of Variable Names ................................. A-1

B. Modbus Register Map ........................................... B-1

Figures 4-1. Example applications ...........................................................................3 7-1. Effective Irradiance as calculated from short circuit current of the

PV modules on a clear sky day .........................................................7 7-2. Effective Irradiance and SLI on a cloudy day ......................................7 7-3. Effective irradiance and SLI during 1 hour of solar noon and

Geffref > 800 W/m22 .........................................................................8 7-4. Geff and SLI taken during a cloudy day with Geffref > 800 w/m2

during 1 hour of solar noon ............................................................8

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7-5. Change in SLI after a cleaning event. Both modules were cleaned at a time corresponding to the record number 650. ...........................9

Tables 6-1. Solar Panel Wire Color, Function, and CR-PVS1 Connections ...........5 6-2. 110PV Wire Color, Function, and CR-PVS1 Connections ..................6

1

CR-PVS1 PV Soiling Loss Index RTU 1. Introduction

The CR-PVS1 PV Soiling Loss Index RTU provides solar energy professionals with the information needed to evaluate and manage the impact of soiling. Plant operators can use this information to determine when to clean the array, saving the cost of unnecessary cleanings as well as damage caused by frequent cleanings.

The CR-PVS1 is designed to be at the heart of an independent soiling measurement station or as an add-on peripheral to any new or existing meteorological station. It is delivered field ready and requires no programming. The CR-PVS1 will work with any photovoltaic (PV) panel up to 300 W. Smaller wattage panels can be used. Consult Campbell Scientific before purchasing if using a panel smaller than 20 W. Two highly accurate and rugged back-of-panel sensors are included.

2. Precautions READ AND UNDERSTAND the Safety section at the back of this manual.

DANGER: Fire, explosion, and severe-burn hazard. Misuse or improper installation of the internal lithium battery can cause severe injury. Do not recharge, disassemble, heat above 100 C (212 F), solder directly to the cell, incinerate, or expose contents to water. Dispose of spent lithium batteries properly.

WARNING:

Protect from overvoltage.

Protect from water.

Protect from ESD (electrostatic discharge).

IMPORTANT: Maintain a level of calibration appropriate to the application. Campbell Scientific recommends factory recalibration of the CR-PVS1 every three years.

3. Initial Inspection The CR-PVS1 ships with the following:

2 back-of-panel temperature sensors: 110PV-L15-PT Surface-Mount Thermistors

Heat-Resistant Kapton Tape with Silicone Adhesive, 5 yd, for securing temperature sensors

UV-Resistant 8 in. Cable Ties used to secure the temperature sensor cables

Flat-Bladed Screwdriver for connecting wires to terminals

4 grommets and 4 screws for mounting the CR-PVS1 to a Campbell Scientific enclosure backplate

CR-PVS1 PV Soiling Loss Index RTU

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USB 2.0 Cable Type A Male to Micro B Male for computer communications

Din-Rail Connector

CR300 Certificate of Calibration

8 GB USB flash drive with Device Configuration Utility software

CR-PVS1 Quick Deploy Guide (also available at www.campbellsci.com/cr-pvs1)

Upon receipt of the CR-PVS1, inspect the packaging and contents for damage. File damage claims with the shipping company.

Immediately check package contents. Thoroughly check all packaging material for product that may be concealed. Check model numbers, part numbers, and product descriptions against the shipping documents. Model or part numbers are found on each product. On cabled items, the number is often found at the end of the cable that connects to the measurement device. The Campbell Scientific number may differ from the part or model number printed on the sensor by the sensor vendor. Ensure that you received the expected cable lengths. Contact Campbell Scientific immediately about discrepancies.

4. Overview The CR-PVS1 uses the short circuit measurement method to provide end users with a simple, lower cost solution that is more easily scalable and deployable in larger numbers on utility scale solar projects using proven methods.

Numerous studies and documents have been published over several decades outlining and testing various methods in order to calculate losses due to soiling, along with their advantages and disadvantages. These studies show that the short circuit current of a solar module is directly proportional to the light intensity and can be used as a reliable method to measure changes in light intensity from reaching the solar cells.

While other methods have been studied, such as I-V curve tracers or maximum power point trackers, these systems can provide minimal accuracy gains only under certain conditions that may not be practical in a field setting. The disadvantage to these systems is their cost and scalability, as they are typically a much more expensive and complicated endeavor.

The CR-PVS1 can act as the systems central measurement and control unit (top of FIGURE 4-1) or as a peripheral unit that is added to any new or existing solar meteorological monitoring system (bottom of FIGURE 4-1). Data transfer from the CR-PVS1 is simple. The CR-PVS1 supports many communication options, including: Internet protocols, Modbus, DNP3, SDI-12, PakBus, and PakBus encryption. (See Section 5.3, Communications (p. 4), for a complete list.) Data files (many file formats are available) are sent directly to the cloud via email or FTP, for example.

CR-PVS1 PV Soiling Loss Index RTU

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FIGURE 4-1. Example applications

5. Specifications All CR-PVS1 RTUs are tested and guaranteed to meet electrical specifications in a standard 40 to 70 C non-condensing environment. Factory recalibration is recommended every three years.

Soiling Loss Index: can detect 1%

Maximum Open-Circuit Voltage: 100 V

Maximum Current: 20 A

Measurement Accuracy: 2 V

5.1 Back-of-Panel Temperature Measurements Measurement Range: 40 to 135 C

Temperature Uncertainty:

Temperature Tolerance

40 to 70 C 0.2 C

71 to 105 C 0.5 C

106 to 135 C 1 C Steinhart-Hart Linearization Equation Error: 0.0024 C maximum (at 40 C)

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5.2 Short-Circuit Current Measurements Current Shunt

Maximum Operating Temperature: 80 C

Shunt Accuracy: 0.25%

5.3 Communications Modbus RTU

Format: RS-232, 19200 bps, 8 data bits, even parity, 1 stop bit

Supported Functions: 03

Modbus Address: 11

Data Type: 32-bit float, CDAB

Internet Protocols: PPP, ICMP/Ping, Auto-IP(APIPA), IPv6, UDP, TCP, TLS, DHCP Client, SLAAC, DNS Client, Telnet

Additional Protocols Supported: PakBus, SDI-12, Modbus RTU, Modbus ASCII, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP3 (Custom user-definable over serial.)

USB: USB micro-B device only, 2.0 full-speed 12 Mbps, for computer connection.

RS-232: Female RS-232, 9-pin interface

5.4 System Clock Accuracy: 1 min per month

Clock Resolution: 1 ms

Program Execution Rate: 30 s

5.5 Power Requirements Charger Input (CHG): 16 to 32 VDC, current limited at 0.9 A.

Power converter or solar panel input.

External Batteries (BAT): 12 VDC, lead-acid 7 Ah battery, typical

Internal Lithium Battery: 3 V coin cell CR2016 (Energizer) for battery-backed clock. 6-year life with no external power source.

Typical Power Requirements

Idle: 1.5 mA

Active 1 Hz scan with analog measurements: 5 mA

USB Power (USB): For programming and limited functionality

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5.6 Compliance View compliance documents at www.campbellsci.com/cr-pvs1.

Shock and Vibration: ASTM D4169-09

Protection: IP30

5.7 Physical Width: 20.3 cm (8 in); 21.6 cm (8.5 in) with

mounts

Height: 6.3 cm (2.5 in)

Depth: 14 cm (5.5 in)

6. Installation TABLE 6-1 provides solar panel wiring and TABLE 6-2 provides 110PV back-of-panel-temperature sensor wiring. The Quick Deploy Guide also includes the wiring and other installation and configuration information. Device Configuration Utility software is required. This can be installed from the USB sent with the CR-PVS1. It is also available for download at www.campbellsci.com/devconfig.

Download the Quick Deploy Guide at www.campbellsci.com/cr-pvs1.

To prevent injury, completely cover the PV panels to limit output and current and voltage during installation. Do not short PV panel + and wires.

TABLE 6-1. Solar Panel Wire Color, Function, and CR-PVS1 Connections

Solar Panel Wire Color Function CR-PVS1 Terminal

REF Red + REF Panel +

Black REF Panel

TEST Red + Test Panel +

Black Test Panel

NOTE

DANGER

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TABLE 6-2. 110PV Wire Color, Function, and CR-PVS1 Connections

Sensor Wire Color Function CR-PVS1 Terminal

REF

Black Power VX1

Red Signal SE1

Violet Ground G

Clear Shield G

TEST

Black Power VX2

Red Signal SE2

Violet Ground G

Clear Shield G The CR-PVS1 has a Modbus RTU output. For the complete Modbus Register Map, see Appendix B, Modbus Register Map (p. B-1).

7. Operation 7.1 Measurement

To estimate soiling loss index (SLI), the CR-PVS1 system compares the outputs and temperatures of two identical PV panels mounted side by side: one clean, and the other soiled naturally.

Current measurements and back-of-panel temperature measurements are made every 30 seconds. To make the current measurements, both panels are short- circuited for 5 seconds using a solid-state relay. Short-circuit current is measured with a precision current-sensing shunt. To help minimize PV panel degradation, the panel is maintained in an open-circuit hold state between measurements.

From short-circuit current and back-of-panel temperature, the effective irradiance of each panel is calculated in accordance with IEC 60904, and the SLI is calculated according to equation 7-2.

A daily average SLI is calculated, available for SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition), and stored in onboard memory. For immediate feedback, a real-time index and quality factor are available. Raw measured data are stored and available for analysis or independent post-processing. Available values are shown in Appendix A, Glossary of Variable Names (p. A-1).

In accordance with IEC 60904, the CR-PVS1 calculates the daily soiling loss index during the hour before and the hour after solar noon and only includes the values showing effective irradiance greater than 500 W/m2 to minimize the effects from the zenith angle of the sun, PV panel current dependence on irradiance level, and air mass density. The CR-PVS1 also filters out data that is classified as unstable (IEC 60904), such as data during cloud cover. A variable, Stable_Data_Count, increments when all criteria are met.

FIGURES 7-1 through 7-5 show the importance of filtering data based on stability of irradiance as well as back of module temperature in accordance with IEC 60904-2. FIGURES 7-1 and 7-2 show effective irradiance calculated

CR-PVS1 PV Soiling Loss Index RTU

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from the short-circuit currents. FIGURES 7-3 and 7-4 show the filtered data based on stability conditions. In FIGURE 7-5, both modules were cleaned at record number 650. The soiling index after cleaning is 0.003 (0.16) % on clear sky and 0.000 (0.16) % on the variable sky conditions. This is an indication of the lowest level of soling loss that can be detected.

FIGURE 7-1. Effective Irradiance as calculated from short circuit current of the PV modules on a clear sky day

FIGURE 7-2. Effective Irradiance and SLI on a cloudy day

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FIGURE 7-3. Effective irradiance and SLI during 1 hour of solar noon and Geffref > 800 W/m22

FIGURE 7-4. Geff and SLI taken during a cloudy day with Geffref > 800 w/m2 during 1 hour of solar noon

CR-PVS1 PV Soiling Loss Index RTU

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FIGURE 7-5. Change in SLI after a cleaning event. Both modules were cleaned at a time corresponding to the record number 650.

7.2 Soiling Loss Index Details In terms of quantities that can be measured directly from a PV panel, soiling loss index (SLI) is defined as the loss in the irradiance reaching the solar cells of a PV panel. If all other factors are the same, this loss is primarily due to the loss in transmission properties of the glass as a result of soiling.

The irradiance is calculated from short-circuit current as

= [1 ( 0)]

, 7-1

Where Geff: effective irradiance reaching the solar cells

ISC: measured short-circuit current of the panel

ISC,STC: short-circuit current at standard test conditions (STC)

T: back-of-panel temperature

T0: back-of-panel temperature at STC, typically 25 C

: temperature coefficient of short-circuit current

The SLI uses the effective irradiances of a clean reference panel and a dirty test panel. It is defined as

= 1 ,

, 100% 7-2

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Where Geff,Ref is the effective irradiance calculated from the clean reference panel, and Geff,Test is the effective irradiance calculated from the test panel.

8. Maintenance For more accurate soiling-rate estimations, clean the reference (clean) panel as often as the pyranometer, a minimum of once per week. Clean with distilled water and a lint-free cloth.

8.1 Offset Correction PV panels often differ in power output under identical conditions, even when they are from the same batch of the same model. This offset in power output can be determined upon installation and updated after each cleaning. The procedure determines the offset, and then implements a correction factor into the measurement sequence to remove any effects that may be caused by the offset.

Carefully clean both panels before initiating this process. Cleaning should be completed before 11 a.m.

1. Connect to the CR-PVS1 using Device Configuration Utility. In the Device Type list, select CR300 Series. Follow the steps shown in the right panel of the window.

2. Once connected, select the Data Monitor tab. Click Public in the table list.

3. Double-click on the value in the Update_Offset field. Enter 1 and press Enter.

4. Results will be available with the next measurements.

NOTE

A-1

Appendix A. Glossary of Variable Names

Variable Name Description

RTU_Internal_Temp Panel temperature of CR-PVS1, C RTU_Voltage Battery voltage of CR-PVS1, VDC Soiling_Loss_Index_Corrected Soiling loss index with offset correction applied, % Soiling_Loss_Index_Raw Soiling loss index without offset correction applied, % Live_Index_Corrected Real-time index of reference to test panel with offset correction applied, % Live_Index_Raw Real-time index of reference to test panel without offset correction applied, % Stable_Data_Check Variable indicating if environmental conditions are stable, True (1)/False (0) Time_Status Variable indicating if the time of day is appropriate for performing soiling

loss index calculations Geff_Status Variable indicating if the measured effective irradiance is appropriate for

performing soiling loss index calculations Isc_Status Variable indicating if the measured short-circuit current is appropriate for

performing soiling loss index calculations Temp_Status Variable indicating if the measured back-of-panel temperature is appropriate

for performing soiling loss index calculations IscTest Short-circuit current of test panel, Amps IscRef Short-circuit current of reference panel, Amps TempTest Back-of-panel temperature of test panel, C TempRef Back-of-panel temperature of reference panel, C GeffTest Effective irradiance of test panel, W/m2 GeffRef Effective irradiance of reference panel, W/m2 Offset_Geff Measured offset between reference and test panels, % Stable_Data_Count Incrementally counts when conditions are appropriate for performing soiling

loss index Update_Offset Boolean variable that user triggers when the offset correction is to be

performed UTC_Offset_UserEntered User-entered UTC offset of site location, hours Latitude_UserEntered User-entered latitude of site location Longitude_UserEntered User-entered longitude of site location AlphaTest_UserEntered Published panel short circuit current (Isc) temperature coeffecient of the test

panel (if published in units of %/C, then enter published value/100) AlphaRef_UserEntered Published panel short circuit current (Isc) temperature coeffecient of the

reference panel (if published in units of %/C, then enter published value/100)

IscTeststc_UserEntered Published panel short-circuit current (Isc) of the test panel at STC IscRefstc_UserEntered Published panel short-circuit current (Isc) of the reference panel at STC LocalSolarNoon Solar noon of site location, as determined by user-entered site location data

B-1

Appendix B. Modbus Register Map

Parameter Description Register

Start Register

Stop Low

Range High

Range Units ModbusData(1) Minute HeartBeat 40001 40002 0 59 Seconds ModbusData(2) Soiling_Loss_Index_Isc Soiling Loss Index Isc 40003 40004 20 20 % ModbusData(3) Soiling_Loss_Index_Geff Soiling Loss Index Geff 40005 40006 20 20 % ModbusData(4) IscTest IscTest, Measured short circuit current from the dirty panel 40007 40008 10 10 Amp ModbusData(5) IscRef IscRef, Measured short circuit current from the clean panel 40009 40010 10 10 Amp ModbusData(6) TempTest TempTest 40011 40012 30 80 C ModbusData(7) TempRef TempRef 40013 40014 30 80 C ModbusData(8) GeffTest GeffTest, Effective Irradiance received by the dirty panel 40015 40016 0 1200 W/m^2 ModbusData(9) GeffRef GeffRef, Effective Irradiance received by the clean panel 40017 40018 0 1200 W/m^2

ModbusData(10) Offset_Isc Offset in Isc between the clean and test panels, when both are clean 40019 40020 1 10 No

Units

ModbusData(11) Offset_Geff Offset in Geff between the clean and test panels, when both are clean 40021 40022 1 10

ModbusData(12) Update_Offset Update Offset 40023 40024 0 1

ModbusData(13) UTC_Offset_UserEntered UTC Offset of the site, User Entered 40025 40026 12 12 hrs ModbusData(14) Latitude_UserEntered Latitude of the site, User Entered 40027 40028 degrees ModbusData(15) Longitude_UserEntered Longitude of the site User Entered 40029 40030 degrees

ModbusData(16) TempCoeffIscTest_UserEntered Temperature Coefficient of Isc for the Test panel, User Entered 40031 40032 0 No

Max Amp

ModbusData(17) TempCoeffIscRef_UserEntered Temperature Coefficient of Isc for the clean panel, User Entered 40033 40034 0 No

Max Amp

ModbusData(18) IscTeststc_UserEntered Short circuit current of test panel at STC, User Entered 40035 40036 0.5 20 Amp ModbusData(19) IscRefstc_UserEntered Short circuit current of clean panel at STC, User Entered 40037 40038 0.5 20 Amp ModbusData(20) HrSolNoonOffset_UserEntered Offset from solar noon for daily average 40039 40040 0 2 hrs ModbusData(21) GeffThreshold_UserEntered Threshold in effective irradiance User Entered 40041 40042 100 500 W/m^2 ModbusData(22) RTU_Voltage RTU Battery Voltage 40043 40044 9 13 Volts ModbusData(23) RTU_Internal_Temp RTU Internal Temp 40045 40046 -40 70 C ModbusData(24) LocalSolarNoon Local Solar Noon 40047 40048 12:00 13:00 hrs

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